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Author : Robert D. Schmidt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (282 download)
Download or read book A Study of Some Radiation Induced Effects in a Borosilicate Glass written by Robert D. Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Radiation-Induced Dimensional Changes in Borosilicate Glass Substrates written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was made of radiation-induced dimensional changes in Pyrex(Registered) and Hoya SD-2(Registered) glasses. These glasses are used as substrates for MEMS devices employing silicon oscillating beams, and changes in substrate dimension can compromise device performance. Silicon MEMS strain gauges mounted on glass substrates were exposed to gamma doses up to 385 Mrad. The device-substrate differential strain thus measured corresponds to an expansion in the glass following a linear trend with dose of about 5 (+-4) x 10(exp -15) /rad and 4.5 (+-0.2) x 10 (exp -14) /rad for Pyrex and Hoya SD-2, respectively. Separate glass samples were irradiated with a neutron fluence composed primarily of thermal neutrons, and a floatation technique was employed to measure the resulting density changes in the glasses alone. Transport of Ions in Matter (TRIM) calculations were performed to relate fast ( 1MeV) neutron atomic displacement damage to that from boron thermal neutron capture events, and measured density changes in the glass samples were thus proportionally attributed to thermal and fast neutron fluences. Maximum neutron fluences received by glass samples were estimated at 4 x lO(exp 16)n/sq cm thermal and 6 x 10(exp 14)n/sq cm fast. The glasses irradiated with thermal neutrons were found to exhibit linear compaction at a rate of -2.8x10(exp -2O) per n/sq cm for Pyrex and -1.0x(exp 10-21) per n/sq cm for Hoya SD-2. For fast neutron fluence, strain rate (per n/sq cm) was also linear: -6.1x10(exp -21) for Pyrex and -7.9x10(exp -22) for Hoya SD-2. The gamma irradiation strain gauge results cannot be explained by the radiation-induced compaction previously reported for Pyrex, and are thought to result from either changes in glass radiation response caused by the anodic bonding process used to make the MEMS strain gauges or from radiation-assisted creep of the strain gauge anchors. The neutron irradiation results for Pyrex show good agreement with those of previous studiesc
Author : Pascal Richet
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118799399
Total Pages : 1568 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture Two Volume Set written by Pascal Richet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 1568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Encyclopedia begins with an introduction summarizing itsscope and content. Glassmaking; Structure of Glass, GlassPhysics,Transport Properties, Chemistry of Glass, Glass and Light,Inorganic Glass Families, Organic Glasses, Glass and theEnvironment, Historical and Economical Aspect of Glassmaking,History of Glass, Glass and Art, and outlinepossible newdevelopments and uses as presented by the best known people in thefield (C.A. Angell, for example). Sections and chapters arearranged in a logical order to ensure overall consistency and avoiduseless repetitions. All sections are introduced by a briefintroduction and attractive illustration. Newly investigatedtopics will be addresses, with the goal of ensuring that thisEncyclopedia remains a reference work for years to come.
Author : P. Mazzoldi
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444596844
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Modifications Induced by Irradiation in Glasses written by P. Mazzoldi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many aspects of the interaction of radiation with glasses are reviewed in this volume, with contributions from a broad scientific community. Several of the papers focus on the interdisciplinary approach required to connect technological applications to the basic interactions of energetic ions with insulators, reporting on the challenging problems that still remain to be solved. The high quality of these contributions once again demonstrates that the E-MRS is an efficient forum for interaction between research workers and industry. The proceedings represent an ideal bridge between the sixth and the planned seventh International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators to be held in Japan in 1993.
![Download Thermal and Radiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses. [For Incorporation of Radioactive Wastes]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/5H7DwgEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Download or read book Thermal and Radiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses. [For Incorporation of Radioactive Wastes]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of experimental studies on the thermal and radiation effects on a high ZnO borosilicate glass are reported. The thermal studies were made on non-radioactive glass compositions. Devitrification, chemical segregation, leachability, porosity, and density were determined for several layers of glass samples stored at temperatures from 300 to 900/sup 0/C for periods from a day to 5 years. In the devitrified glass the major crystalline phases are Zn/sub 2/SiO/sub 4/ and SrMoO/sub 4/. The silicate crystals cause extensive cracking at the higher temperatures. An increase in leachability was observed for samples stored between 500 and 800/sup 0/C. At storage temperatures below 900/sup 0/C no settling was observed after two months storage. Radiation studies were made on a Cm-doped glass with approximately the same composition as that used in the thermal studies. A detailed study of the buildup and release behavior of stored energy in solidified wastes indicated that large temperature excursions resulting from the release of stored energy are not possible. The release rates of He were calculated for two geometries and glass containing trapped gas only and for glass in which the temperature was raised to 300/sup 0/. The leachability was not greatly affected by .cap alpha. doses up to 8 x 10/sup 17/ .cap alpha./g. (JSR).
Download or read book Irradiation Effects on Borosilicate Waste Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of alpha decay on five borosilicate glasses containing simulated nuclear high-level waste oxides were studied. Irradiations carried out at room temperature were achieved by incorporating 1 to 8 wt % 244Cm2O3 in the glasses. Density changes and stored-energy build-up saturated at doses less than 2 x 1021 alpha decays/kg. Damage manifested by stored energy was completely annealed at 633°K. Positive and negative density changes were observed which never exceeded 1%. Irradiation had very little effect on mechanical strength or on chemical durability as measured by aqueous leach rates. Also, no effects were observed on the microstructure for vitreous waste glasses, although radiation-induced microcracking could be achieved on specimens that had been devitrified prior to irradiation.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Radiation Effects on Transport and Bubble Formation in Silicate Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopies and small-cluster modeling, atomic structure of radiation-induced point defects in alkali borate, silicate, and borosilicate glasses is fully characterized. It is shown that in boron-containing glasses, most of these point defects are electrons/holes trapped by cation/anion vacancies, such as O1 - - O3 + valence-alternation pairs. In microscopically phase-separated borosilicate glasses, radiation-induced defects are found to cluster at the interface between the borate and silicate phases. Reaction and diffusion dynamics of defect-annealing interstitial hydrogen atoms in boron and silica oxide glasses are studied. The yield of radiolytic O2 is estimated. This oxygen is shown to be the final product of triplet exciton decay. Plausible mechanisms for the oxygen bubble formation are put forward. Two practical conclusions relevant for the EMSP mission are made: First, the yield of radiolytic oxygen is shown to be too low to interfere with the storage of vitrified radioactive waste in the first 10 Kyr. Second, microscopic phase separation is demonstrated to increase both the chemical and radiation stability of borosilicate glass.
Author : Clark Lane Allred
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (547 download)
Download or read book Effect of Radiation on Silicon and Borosilicate Glass written by Clark Lane Allred and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) treated samples or the untreated glass, but this result may have been influenced by the high temperature at which the glass was irradiated; however, temperature alone could not have annealed away all the effects of treatment. We conclude that the unexpected results of the MEMS strain gauge experiment were caused by surface layer phenomena at the bonding interface, though we do not currently understand the exact mechanism for this. The second major topic of this study is the effect of neutron irradiation on the Young's modulus of silicon, the constancy of which is key to the operation of many MEMS devices. The elastic constants of defected and amorphous silicon simulation cells were calculated using EDIP. Simulation cells included some containing randomly generated defect distributions, as well as several that were completely amorphous and one containing a small amorphous region. An extensive and careful characterization of point defects was made ...
Author : Devinder Singh
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659141768
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (417 download)
Download or read book Radiation Effects on Glasses written by Devinder Singh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of radiation on the optical properties of glasses is very important as the response of the glasses to radiation is related to the rate of formation and accumulation of induced defects during progressive irradiation and hence the production of characteristic color center. In the present book, the effect of glass composition and gamma irradiation on the optical and physical properties of some selected borate and borosilicate oxide glasses have been explained. These glasses have potential application in the field of electronics, nuclear and solar energy technologies, acoustic-optic devices, microwave traveling wave tubes, microwave windows and plays major role as active materials in solid state electronic and ionic devices. The details of the book will be significant for under-graduate/ post-graduate students of Physics/ Applied Physics/ Material Science & Engineering. Extremely beneficial for future studies the glasses related to research as well as their applications in industries.
Author : Amal Alharbi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Radiation Damage Studies of Borosilicate Glass written by Amal Alharbi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Claudio Furetta
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812838910
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Thermoluminescence written by Claudio Furetta and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the Handbook of Thermoluminescence enlarges on all the subjects which were treated in the first edition and adds further arguments, including the theory of thermoluminescent dose measurement, several examples concerning the kinetics parameters determination using various methods such as peak shape, isothermal decay, and so on. A special section is devoted to food irradiation, an important subject at the present time, and to the thermoluminescent characterization of the minerals extracted from the irradiated food. Another new section is devoted to the thermoluminescent phosphors and their main characteristics. The analytical treatments of the various thermoluminescent models are fully developed. As in the first edition, the arguments are given in alphabetical order to ease research. This second edition therefore aims to provide real practical support for researchers, students and personnel involved in radiation protection services, as well as in medical applications.
Author : S. W. S. McKeever
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Thermoluminescence Dosimetry Materials written by S. W. S. McKeever and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. Tauc
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461587050
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors written by J. Tauc and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state physics after solving so successfully many fundamental problems in perfect or slightly imperfect crystals, tried in recent years to attack problems associated with large disorder with the aim to understand the consequences of the lack of the long-range order. Semiconductors are much more changed by disorder than metals or insulators, and appear to be the most suitable materials for fundamental work. Considerable exploratory work on amorphous and liquid semiconductors was done by the Leningrad School since the early fifties. In recent years, much research in several countries was directed to deepen the understanding of the structural, electronic, optical, vibrational, magnetic and other proper ties of these materials and to possibly approach the present level of under standing of crystalline semiconductors. This effort was stimulated not only by purely scientific interest but also by the possibility of new applications from which memory devices in the general sense are perhaps the most challenging. The research met with serious difficulties which are absent in crystals.
Author : R. K. Mohr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Radiation Hardening of Strengthened Optical Fibers and Development of New Fluoride Glasses written by R. K. Mohr and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two independent studies were conducted under this contract: (1) Radiation hardening of compressively strengthened optical fibers; (2) Development of new fluoride glasses. In the first study two preform fabrication processes based on phase separable, leachable alkali borosilicate glasses were evaluated for producing radiation hardened fibers. The first process, known as partial leaching, was found to yield low numerical aperture fibers with moderately high attenuation. Ultra-clean glass melting facilities and extensive composition studies would be required to correct these faults. This was beyond the resources of the contract. The second process, known as molecular stuffing, was used to produce alkali-modified high silica glasses doped with cerium oxide as a radiation hardening agent. Radiation damage kinetic tests were run on these glasses by irradiating the samples with 4-40 ns pulses of 15 MeV electrons and observing the absorption spectra for the time range 0.0000001 sec to 0.1 sec following the electron pulses. The results of these tests show that cerium is not effective, within the time range studies, in suppressing the radiation induced absorption for the high silica glasses tested. In the second study, under this contract, glasses in the HfF4-BaF2-LaF3 family were studied. The effects on glass forming of additions including PbF2, CsF, GdF3 and AlF3 glass was studied.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book High-level Waste Borosilicate Glass written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this document is to summarize scientific information pertinent to evaluating the extent to which high-level waste borosilicate glass corrosion and the associated radionuclide release processes are understood for the range of environmental conditions to which waste glass may be exposed in service. Alteration processes occurring within the bulk of the glass (e.g., devitrification and radiation-induced changes) are discussed insofar as they affect glass corrosion. Volume III contains a bibliography of glass corrosion studies, including studies that are not cited in Volumes I and II.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Chemical Decomposition of High-level Nuclear Waste Storage/disposal Glasses Under Irradiation. 1998 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to employ the technique of electron spin resonance (ESR), in conjunction with other experimental methods, to study radiation-induced decomposition of vitreous compositions proposed for immobilization/disposal of high-level nuclear wastes (HLW) or excess weapons plutonium. ESR is capable of identifying, even at the parts-per-million level, displaced atoms, ruptured bonds, and free radicals created by radiation in such glassy forms. For example, one of the scientific goals is to determine whether ESR-detectable superoxide (O2−) and ozonide (O3−) ions are precursors of radiation-induced oxygen gas bubbles reported by other investigators. The fundamental understandings obtained in this study will enable reliable predictions of the long-term effects of and decays of the immobilized radionuclides on HLW glasses. This report represents the results of an 18-month effort performed under a 3-year research award. Four categories of materials were studied: (1) several actual and proposed HLW glass compositions fabricated at Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC), samples of which had been irradiated to a dose of 30 MGy (1 Gy = 100 rad) to simulate decay effects, (2) several high-iron phosphate glasses fabricated at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR), (3) one other model HLW glass and several simulated natural glasses which had been implanted with 160-keV He ions to simulate-decay damage, and (4) an actual geological glass damaged by decays of trace amounts of contained 238U and 232Th over a period of 65 Myears. Among the category-1 materials were two samples of Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) borosilicate glasses modeling compositions currently being used to vitrify HLW at SRTC. The ESR spectra recorded for the unirradiated DWPF-glass simulants were attributable to Fe 3 ions. The 30-MGy irradiation was found to change the Fe{sup 3+} concentration of these glasses by a statistically insignificant factor (0.987 \261 0.050) and not to create measurable numbers of other defects.
Download or read book Effect of Internal Alpha Radiation on Borosilicate Glass Containing Savannah River Plant Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of internal alpha radiation on borosilicate glass, a perspective matrix for long-term storage of Savannah River Plant (SRP) radioactive waste, were evaluated in samples containing 45 wt % simulated waste (Fe(OH)3--MnO2) and either 0.5 wt % 244Cm or 1 wt % 238Pu. A glass containing 238Pu without waste was also studied for comparison. The glasses were examined for changes in physical stability, leachability, and dilatation. Alpha dose rates in the test glasses ranged from 4.5 x 1014 to 1.3 x 1015 alpha dis/(g-day). After 420 days, microcracks had formed; however, no macrostructural damage to the glasses was observed. Leachabilities for 244Cm and 238Pu were 7 x 10−8 g/(cm2-day) and were not affected by the radiation. Continuous leaching by water for 5 days removed
