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A Study Of African Trypanosomiasis Using Epidemiologic Models
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Book Synopsis A Study of African Trypanosomiasis Using Epidemiologic Models by : Tsegaye Habtemariam
Download or read book A Study of African Trypanosomiasis Using Epidemiologic Models written by Tsegaye Habtemariam and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control and Surveillance of Human African Trypanosomiasis by :
Download or read book Control and Surveillance of Human African Trypanosomiasis written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides information about new diagnostic approaches, new therapeutic regimens and better understanding of the distribution of the disease with high-quality mapping. The roles of human and animal reservoirs and the tsetse fly vectors that transmit the parasites are emphasized. The new information has formed the basis for an integrated strategy with which it is hoped that elimination of HAT will be achieved. The report also contains recommendations on the approaches that will lead to elimination of the disease. Human African Tryponosomiasis (HAT) is a disease that afflicts populations in rural Africa, where the tsetse fly vector that transmits the causative trypanosome parasites thrives. There are two forms of HAT: one, known as gambiense HAT, is endemic in West and Central Africa and causes over 95% of current cases; the other, known as rhodesiense HAT, is endemic in East and southern Africa and accounts for the remainder of cases. The presence of parasites in the brain leads to progressive neurological breakdown. Changes to sleep-wake patterns are among the symptoms that characterize the disease, also known as "sleeping sickness". Eventually, patients fall into a coma and die if not treated. Different treatments are available against parasites present in the haemolymphatic system (first stage) and those that have entered the brain (second stage). Currently, lumbar puncture is required to select the appropriate drug.
Author :WHO Expert Committee on the Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :132 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis by : WHO Expert Committee on the Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis
Download or read book Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis written by WHO Expert Committee on the Epidemiology and Control of African Trypanosomiasis and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of African Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. Volume 1. Summary by : M. J. Reardon
Download or read book Study of African Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. Volume 1. Summary written by M. J. Reardon and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigators continued to monitor the antigenic stability of parasites from western Kenya. Current evidence indicates that there was a significant antigenic shift in the 1980-81 outbreak. Epidemiology and treatment record analysis studies continued. A treatment center was opened in western Kenya situated north of the Lambwe Valley endemic area and to the east of the Ugandan epidemic area. This center will serve as a routine treatment facility and research facility for the evaluation of standard drugs available and USMRDC developed drugs effective in screens against human African trypanosomiasis. An experimental compound WR 163577 is being evaluated in the goat model against T. brucei infection.
Book Synopsis Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness by : Michel Dumas
Download or read book Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness written by Michel Dumas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human African Trypaniosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is an old disease to be now considered as reemergent. HAT is endemic in 36 sub-Saharan African countries, in areas where tsetse flies are found. The public health importance of HAT is underestimated, but the disease causes severe social disruption in many rural areas. Along the past fifteen years, numerous studies were made, and now, the mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis and in the characteristics of sleep-wake disruption become to be better understood. But, since 50 years, when current drugs were introduced, problems regarding HAT chemotherapy have not been solved. Nevertheless, in-depth studies about trypanosome metabolism have permitted to discover new drug targets. Written by specialists who are very experienced in their respective fields, the contributions provide an indispensable tool for practitioners and scientists.
Book Synopsis The Trypanosomiases by : Ian Maudlin
Download or read book The Trypanosomiases written by Ian Maudlin and published by CABI. This book was released on 2004-07-09 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art reference book includes comprehensive coverage of the biology and control of African, Asian and South American trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness") in man and animals. It describes recent research developments in the biology and molecular biology of trypanosomes (the protozoan parasite) and their vectors, and methods in diagnosis and control, such as trapping tsetse fly vectors. Different sections of the book are devoted to biology of trypanosomes, vector biology, epidemiology and diagnosis, pathogenesis, disease impact, chemotherapy and disease control, and vector control. The book contains contributions from leading experts from Europe, North and South America, and Africa.
Book Synopsis Epidemiology of African Trypanosomiasis by : D. A. T. Baldry
Download or read book Epidemiology of African Trypanosomiasis written by D. A. T. Baldry and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1979 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Livestock and the Epidemiology of Sleeping Sickness by : Julianne Meisner
Download or read book Livestock and the Epidemiology of Sleeping Sickness written by Julianne Meisner and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, remarkable progress in the control of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT)---a bloodborne protozoal parasite transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species)---has led the WHO to set targets for elimination as public health problem (EPHP) by 2020, and elimination of transmission (EOT) by 2030. Global EPHP targets were met in 2018, however most endemic countries are not yet eligible for national EPHP validation, and there are significant challenges to achieving EOT goals. Two forms of HAT, which are geographically- and epidemiologically-distinct, exist: the chronic form, caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (gHAT) and endemic in western and central Africa, and the acute form, caused by T. b. rhodesiense (rHAT) and endemic in eastern and southern Africa. Due to the known importance of animal reservoirs for rHAT EOT targets are set for gHAT alone, resulting in significantly lower investment in rHAT surveillance and control compared with gHAT. Combined with rHAT's acute progression this results in significant underreporting, raising concerns that rHAT will emerge as a major public health problem once gHAT EOT is achieved and donor attention moves away from HAT. With regards to gHAT, uncertainty surrounding animal reservoirs---in particular domestic pigs---as well as latent human reservoirs and undercoverage of high-risk groups by active surveillance activities threaten both the probability of EOT, and re-emergence following EOT. In this dissertation, we used data from the WHO Atlas of HAT, spatial epidemiologic methods, methods drawn from the potential outcomes framework of causal inference, and a stochastic compartmental model to estimate the effect of pig density on HAT risk, to evaluate the feasibility of rHAT EOT with control of domestic animal reservoirs alone, and to decompose the livestock density - HAT effect into three components: (1) the reservoir effect, whereby domestic cattle and pigs infected with trypanosomes serve as a source of human infection, (2) the zooprophylactic effect, whereby tsetse fly preference for livestock protects humans from bites---and therefore trypanosome infection---when livestock are nearby, and (3) the environmental change effect, whereby livestock keeping results in environmental changes that in turn modify tsetse distribution and HAT risk. We conducted this work in four high-burden countries which do not meet WHO criteria for EPHP validation: Uganda (gHAT and rHAT), South Sudan (gHAT), Malawi (rHAT), and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC, gHAT). Our results suggest pigs may indeed be gHAT reservoirs and, if so, EOT will not be achieved without intervention---trypanocide or, preferably, insecticide treatment---on this reservoir. With regards to rHAT, we found control of the domestic cattle and pig reservoir is critical to control of the disease, in particular in Uganda, but does not lead to EOT. We found evidence of a zooprophlyactic effect in Malawi and South Sudan for both cattle and pigs and in gHAT foci in Uganda for cattle, however we did not detect compelling evidence of an environmental change effect. These results point to the utility of a One Health approach to HAT control, and represent an important contribution to the HAT literature and the efforts of National Sleeping Sickness Control Programs in the study countries. In conjunction with the high-resolution livestock density maps we have produced, our findings will support targeted delivery of expanded and/or enhanced HAT control efforts. Delivering these efforts in a One Health framework, whereby control of animal African trypanosomiasis is coordinated with that of HAT, will increase the likelihood and sustainability of gHAT elimination and ensure rHAT does not subsequently emerge as a major public health problem, reducing the burden of this highly-fatal and poverty-reinforcing disease.
Book Synopsis The African Trypanosomes by : Samuel J. Black
Download or read book The African Trypanosomes written by Samuel J. Black and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African trypanosomes are tsetse-transmitted protozoa that inhabit the extracellular compartment of host blood. They cause fatal sleeping sickness in people, and Nagana, a wasting and generally fatal disease, in cattle. While trypanosomes are most common to Africa (about 30% of Africa's cattle graze on the fringe of the tsetse habitat), some species have spread beyond its boarders to Asia, the Middle East and South America. The African Trypanosomes, volume one of World Class Parasites, is written for researchers, students and scholars who enjoy reading research that has a major impact on human health, or agricultural productivity, and against which we have no satisfactory defense. It is intended to supplement more formal texts that cover taxonomy, life cycles, morphology, vector distribution, symptoms and treatment. It integrates vector, pathogen and host biology and celebrates the diversity of approach that comprises modern parasitological research.
Book Synopsis WHO Interim Guidelines for the Treatment of Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO Interim Guidelines for the Treatment of Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, is a parasitic infection that is almost invariably fatal unless treated. It is a neglected tropical disease that occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence of the disease is declining in response to intensive surveillance and control in endemic areas. As a result, HAT is among the neglected tropical diseases targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination. WHO maintains exhaustive records of all declared cases; in 2018, a historically low number of cases (less than 1000) was reported. The remarkable progress in the control of gambiense HAT has relied on case-finding and curative treatment, a strategy that interrupts transmission by depleting the reservoir of parasites in humans. This has been combined occasionally with vector control activities. The subject of these guidelines, therefore, is of utmost importance for the continuation of progress to eliminate HAT. The recent approval of a new medicine (fexinidazole) for the treatment of gambiense HAT has opened new possibilities for the management of cases and thus warrants the new WHO recommendations contained herein. While studies of fexinidazole and other therapies are ongoing, these guidelines are considered interim guidelines until new information becomes available. This document focuses on the management of patients affected by gambiense HAT and constitutes an update to the WHO therapeutic guidance issued in 2013.
Book Synopsis Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock by : Orenge, Caleb Oburu
Download or read book Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock written by Orenge, Caleb Oburu and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African animal trypanosomosis (AAT), also called nagana, is a trans-boundary disease that has had an immense impact on cattle and is ranked among the top global cattle diseases. This and tick-borne diseases have caused major obstacles to sustainable livestock-based agricultural production and food security and are important factors in underdevelopment. Due to decreasing efficacy of available drugs, widespread trypanosome resistance, and the difficulty of sustaining other control measures, there is a need for alternative sustainable strategies to reduce the impact these diseases have on livestock. Combating and Controlling Nagana and Tick-Borne Diseases in Livestock provides the latest empirical research findings on the effects of African animal trypanosomiasis (nagana) and tick-borne disease infection in livestock, their impact on farmer livelihoods, and the measures that can be undertaken to mitigate negative effects and reduce the number of infections. While highlighting topic areas such as disease history and transmission, treatments, and the economic impacts, this book is essential for farmers, animal health and animal production professionals and practitioners, non-government organizations, researchers, academicians, and students working in fields that include but are not limited to agriculture, livestock production, environmental science, veterinary medicine, veterinary pathology, and epidemiology.
Book Synopsis One Health, 2nd Edition by : Jakob Zinsstag
Download or read book One Health, 2nd Edition written by Jakob Zinsstag and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One Health, the concept of combined veterinary and human health, has now expanded beyond emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses to incorporate a wider suite of health issues. Retaining its interdisciplinary focus which combines theory with practice, this new edition illustrates the contribution of One Health collaborations to real-world issues such as sanitation, economics, food security and vaccination programmes. It includes more non-infectious disease issues and climate change discussion alongside revised case studies and expanded methodology chapters to draw out implications for practice. Promoting an action-based, solutions-oriented approach, One Health: The Theory and Practice of Integrated Health Approaches highlights the lessons learned for both human and animal health professionals and students.
Book Synopsis Spatial Analysis in Epidemiology by : Dirk Pfeiffer
Download or read book Spatial Analysis in Epidemiology written by Dirk Pfeiffer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a practical, comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the use of spatial statistics in epidemiology, this book examines spatial analytical methods in conjunction with GIS and remotely sensed data to provide insights into the patterns and processes that underlie disease transmission.
Book Synopsis The Role of the Trypanosomiases in African Ecology by : John Ford
Download or read book The Role of the Trypanosomiases in African Ecology written by John Ford and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1971 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual E-Book by : Christopher A. Sanford
Download or read book The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual E-Book written by Christopher A. Sanford and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-08-07 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prevent, evaluate, and manage diseases that can be acquired in tropical environments and foreign countries with The Travel and Tropical Medicine Manual. This pragmatic resource equips medical providers with the knowledge they need to offer effective aid, covering key topics in pre- and post-travel medicine, caring for immigrants and refugees, and working in low-resource settings. It's also the perfect source for travelers seeking quick, easy access to the latest travel medicine information. - Dynamic images illustrate key concepts for an enhanced visual understanding. - Evidence-based treatment recommendations enable you to manage diseases confidently. - Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices. - Evidence-based appendix, available at Expert Consult, helps to validate treatments. - Highlights new evidence and content surrounding mental health and traveling. - Covers emerging hot topics such as Ebola virus disease, viral hemorrhagic fevers, the role of point-of-care testing in travel medicine, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in returning travelers and students traveling abroad. - Includes an enhanced drug appendix in the back of the book.
Book Synopsis Principles of Medicine in Africa by : David Mabey
Download or read book Principles of Medicine in Africa written by David Mabey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential text for all healthcare professionals wanting a complete, up-to-date practical reference book on medicine in Africa.
Book Synopsis The Global Burden of Disease by : Colin Mathers
Download or read book The Global Burden of Disease written by Colin Mathers and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global burden of disease: 2004 update is a comprehensive assessment of the health of the world's population. It provides detailed global and regional estimates of premature mortality, disability and loss of health for 135 causes by age and sex, drawing on extensive WHO databases and on information provided by Member States.--Publisher description.