Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
A State Of The Art Experimental Laboratory For Cloud And Cloud Aerosol Interaction Research
Download A State Of The Art Experimental Laboratory For Cloud And Cloud Aerosol Interaction Research full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A State Of The Art Experimental Laboratory For Cloud And Cloud Aerosol Interaction Research ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis A State Of-the-art Experimental Laboratory for Cloud and Cloud-aerosol Interaction Research :. by : Charles Michael Fremaux
Download or read book A State Of-the-art Experimental Laboratory for Cloud and Cloud-aerosol Interaction Research :. written by Charles Michael Fremaux and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781794069251 Total Pages :42 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (692 download)
Book Synopsis A State-Of-The-Art Experimental Laboratory for Cloud and Cloud-Aerosol Interaction Research by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book A State-Of-The-Art Experimental Laboratory for Cloud and Cloud-Aerosol Interaction Research written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state of the art for predicting climate changes due to increasing greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere with high accuracy is problematic. Confidence intervals on current long-term predictions (on the order of 100 years) are so large that the ability to make informed decisions with regard to optimum strategies for mitigating both the causes of climate change and its effects is in doubt. There is ample evidence in the literature that large sources of uncertainty in current climate models are various aerosol effects. One approach to furthering discovery as well as modeling, and verification and validation (V&V) for cloud-aerosol interactions is use of a large "cloud chamber" in a complimentary role to in-situ and remote sensing measurement approaches. Reproducing all of the complex interactions is not feasible, but it is suggested that the physics of certain key processes can be established in a laboratory setting so that relevant fluid-dynamic and cloud-aerosol phenomena can be experimentally simulated and studied in a controlled environment. This report presents a high-level argument for significantly improved laboratory capability, and is meant to serve as a starting point for stimulating discussion within the climate science and other interested communities. NASA/TM-2011-217192, L-20045, NF1676L-13066 Fremaux, Charles M. and Bushnell, Dennis M. Langley Research Center
Book Synopsis A state of-the-art experimental laboratory for cloud and cloud-aerosol interaction research by : Charles Michael Fremaux
Download or read book A state of-the-art experimental laboratory for cloud and cloud-aerosol interaction research written by Charles Michael Fremaux and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A State-Of-the-Art Experimental Laboratory for Cloud and Cloud-Aerosol Interaction Research by : Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs)
Download or read book A State-Of-the-Art Experimental Laboratory for Cloud and Cloud-Aerosol Interaction Research written by Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs) and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state of the art for predicting climate changes due to increasing greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere with high accuracy is problematic. Confidence intervals on current long-term predictions (on the order of 100 years) are so large that the ability to make informed decisions with regard to optimum strategies for mitigating both the causes of climate change and its effects is in doubt. There is ample evidence in the literature that large sources of uncertainty in current climate models are various aerosol effects. One approach to furthering discovery as well as modeling, and verification and validation (V&V) for cloud-aerosol interactions is use of a large "cloud chamber" in a complimentary role to in-situ and remote sensing measurement approaches. Reproducing all of the complex interactions is not feasible, but it is suggested that the physics of certain key processes can be established in a laboratory setting so that relevant fluid-dynamic and cloud-aerosol phenomena can be experimentally simulated and studied in a controlled environment. This report presents a high-level argument for significantly improved laboratory capability, and is meant to serve as a starting point for stimulating discussion within the climate science and other interested communities.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models by :
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions in Atmospheric Forecast Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how atmospheric aerosols affect the transmission of radiation through the atmosphere and influence cloud properties. The scientific objectives of this project are to identify the specific manner in which atmospheric aerosols determine cloud properties and to represent these interactions in atmospheric models. The technological objective is to develop state-of-the-art instruments for aircraft sampling of aerosols that advance the long-term goals of the project. The investigators conducted comprehensive aircraft sampling of atmospheric particles and radiative and cloud properties. These samplings were complemented by laboratory investigations and theoretical analysis. The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE-II) was carried out in the eastern Pacific Ocean off Monterey, California, during July 2007 with the CIRPAS Twin Otter. Comprehensive measurements were made of aerosol and cloud properties in areas both perturbed and unperturbed by local emissions. Sixteen flights were made, for a total of 70 flight hours. We have analyzed data from 13 individual clouds, 5 of which have evidence of ship exhaust. Observational data on aerosol-cloud-drizzle relationships in marine stratocumulus were analyzed. The data demonstrate, in accordance with those from other field studies, that increased cloud drop number concentration and decreased cloud-top effective radius are associated with increased subcloud aerosol concentration. Modulation of drizzle by variations in aerosol levels is clearly evident. Simultaneous aircraft and A-Train satellite observations have been used to quantify the precipitation susceptibility of clouds to aerosol perturbations in the eastern Pacific region.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud Interactions in Turbulent Clouds : by :
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions in Turbulent Clouds : written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The influence of aerosol concentration on the cloud droplet size distribution is investigated in a laboratory chamber that enables turbulent cloud formation through moist convection. In chapter 2, moist Rayleigh-Bénard convection with water saturated boundaries is explored using a one-dimensional-turbulence model. This study provides some background about supersaturation statistics in moist convection. Chapters 3 - 7 discuss the experimental and theoretical investigation of aerosol-cloud interactions and cloud droplet size-distributions in turbulent conditions. The experiments are performed in a way so that steady-state microphysics are achieved, with aerosol input balanced by cloud droplet growth and fallout. As aerosol concentration is increased the cloud droplet mean diameter decreases as expected, but the width of the size distribution is also observed to decrease sharply. The aerosol input allows for cloud generation in the limiting regimes of fast microphysics (tctt) for high aerosol concentration, and slow microphysics (tctt)for low aerosol concentration; here, tc is the phase relaxation time and tt is the turbulence correlation time. The increase in the width of the droplet size distribution for the low aerosol limit is consistent with the larger variability of supersaturation due to the slow microphysical response. A stochastic theory developed based on the Langevin equation for supersaturation predicts that the standard deviation of the squared droplet radius should increase linearly with a system time scale defined as ts-1 = tc-1 + tt-1, and the measurements are in excellent agreement with this finding. These experiments are discussed in chapters 3 and 4. This effect of varying cloud dropletsize-distributionwidth underscores the importance of droplet size dispersion for aerosol indirect effects. An application of this coupling of aerosol and supersaturation fluctuations during the 'cloud-cleansing' process is discussed in chapter 5. Cloud droplet relative dispersion, defined as the standard deviation over the mean cloud droplet size (d = sigmar / r ), is of central importance in determining and understanding aerosol indirect effects. The analytical expression of d obtained from the stochastic theory is found to depend on the cloud droplet removal time, which in turn increases with the cloud droplet number density. The results show that relative dispersion decreases monotonically with increasing droplet number density, consistent with some recent atmospheric observations. The albedo susceptibility due to turbulence broadening has the same sign as the Twomey effect and augments it by order 10%. These results, along with the test of a commonly-used effective radius parameterization, are presented in chapter 6.), is of central importance in determining and understanding aerosol indirect effects. The analytical expression of d obtained from the stochastic theory is found to depend on the cloud droplet removal time, which in turn increases with the cloud droplet number density. The results show that relative dispersion decreases monotonically with increasing droplet number density, consistent with some recent atmospheric observations. The albedo susceptibility due to turbulence broadening has the same sign as the Twomey effect and augments it by order 10%. These results, along with the test of a commonly-used effective radius parameterization, are presented in chapter 6. In chapter 7, theoretical expressions for cloud droplet size-distribution shape are evaluated using measurements from controlled experiments in the Pi-Chamber. Three theoretical distributions obtained from a Langevin drift-diffusion approach to stochastic condensation are tested. Statistical techniques of ꭕ2 test, sum of squared errors of prediction, and residual analysis are employed to judge relative success or failure of the theoretical distributions to describe the experimental data. In relative comparison, the most favorable comparison to the measurements is the expression for stochastic condensation with size-dependent droplet removal rate.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE INTERSTITIAL AEROSOL REMOVAL MECHANISMS IN A CLOUD CHAMBER by :
Download or read book LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE INTERSTITIAL AEROSOL REMOVAL MECHANISMS IN A CLOUD CHAMBER written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Aerosol particles and cloud droplets are not static entities but are continuously interacting with their chemical environment and therefore changing in their properties [1]. Also, clouds are ubiquitously turbulent, so water vapor or other trace gases fluctuate in space and time. Aerosol properties such as number concentration, chemical composition and size influence many cloud properties including the clouds' probability for precipitation and hence their lifetime. Also, an increase in the number of aerosol particles can lead to an increase in cloud droplet number and decrease the effective droplet radius, which results in an increase in a cloud's albedo for a constant liquid water path. In response, clouds serve as a dominant removal mechanism for intermediate sized aerosol particles while other sizes are removed via other loss processes such as settling and diffusion. This feedback between aerosol and cloud is the process of cloud cleansing through which cloudy, polluted air from a continent is slowly transformed into cloudy, clean air of a maritime environment. A facility, the Pi Chamber, so called because of its working volume of 3.14 m3 with the cylindrical insert in place is developed at Michigan Tech to study the interaction of gases, aerosols and clouds in a turbulent environment. Within the Pi Chamber, a turbulent environment is created via a temperature difference between the top and bottom surfaces, inducing turbulent Rayleigh B℗þenard convection. Cloud formation is xvii initiated by injecting NaCl aerosol from a constant output atomizer into the chamber. In our experiments, we employ different temperature gradients (hot on the bottom and cold on top) to drive turbulent convection. Once the cloud properties reach steady state,the aerosol source is turned off to initiate the cloud cleansing process. Size distributions of the interstitial aerosol are acquired continuously using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Measurement of the distribution of interstitial aerosol as a function of time is used to derive characteristic decay times as a function of size. Our data suggest that for aerosol particles with dry diameters between about 40 nm and 100 nm, the principal removal mechanism is activation which proceeds in a two-stage process; ie decay of interstitial aerosol concentration occurs slowly at first, then more rapidly. Smaller particles of diameters about 10 nm to 20 nm are not activated but removed through convective diffusion. The cloud cleansing process thus demonstrates a simplified version of evolution of polluted clouds to a maritime state.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : S Ramachandran
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by S Ramachandran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes basic knowledge and understanding on the characteristics of aerosols over the continent and oceanic regions, their composition, residence times, sinks and size distributions, and their effects in the radiative transfer and climate of Earth.
Download or read book The Earth Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :392 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Geoengineering, Parts I, II, and III by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007)
Download or read book Geoengineering, Parts I, II, and III written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis Experimental Research Program in Cloud Modification by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce
Download or read book Experimental Research Program in Cloud Modification written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers legislation to authorize Advisory Committee on Weather Control cooperative cloud seeding research program with states, universities, and private organizations.
Author :United States. Department of Energy. Office of Health and Environmental Research Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :436 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Research in Progress, FY 1992 by : United States. Department of Energy. Office of Health and Environmental Research
Download or read book Research in Progress, FY 1992 written by United States. Department of Energy. Office of Health and Environmental Research and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mixed-Phase Clouds by : Constantin Andronache
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Book Synopsis Aerosol-cloud-radiation Interaction Studies with GEOS-4 Model and Comparison with Observations by : Partha Sarathi Bhattacharjee
Download or read book Aerosol-cloud-radiation Interaction Studies with GEOS-4 Model and Comparison with Observations written by Partha Sarathi Bhattacharjee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing human population and rapid urbanization in the last two decades have caused a sharp rise in anthropogenic aerosols particularly over South and East Asia. Numerous studies have shown that aerosols play an important role in climate change through their interaction with the global water and energy cycles. Thus Aerosol-cloud-radiation-monsoon interaction related droughts and floods are two of the most serious environmental hazards confronting more than 60% of the population of the world living in the Asian monsoon countries. General circulation models (GCMs) are an important tool for understanding the climate response to changes in the amounts and composition of aerosols due to evolving use of fossil and biomass fuels. This dissertation attempt to get an insight into the aerosol-cloud interaction and study impacts of aerosol forcing, with particular emphasis on the interaction of aerosol with monsoon water cycle. NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) version 4 General Circulation Model (called GEOS4-GCM) with moist convection of Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert Scheme (McRAS) clouds and state-of-the-art parameterization of cloud microphysical process is used this study. A Single Column version (SCM) of the model is used to evaluate various parameterization schemes by comparing against in-situ and satellite observations. The model simulated realistic annual mean and annual cycles of cloud water, cloud optical thickness, cloud drop number concentration and effective radius without showing any systematic biases. GCM version of the model is used to study aerosol induced anomalies during summer months (June-August) particularly focusing over Indian monsoon. The individual aerosol effects (direct and indirect) and their combination show different impacts on radiation as well as on cloud microphysics, precipitation and circulation. However, complexities of nucleation of ice clouds in the model result not enough aerosols were acting as ice nuclei, which led to incomplete understanding of indirect effect in the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Field and Laboratory Perspectives on the Cloud Nucleating Abilities of Aerosol Particles by : Beth Friedman
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Perspectives on the Cloud Nucleating Abilities of Aerosol Particles written by Beth Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol-cloud interactions represent a significant uncertainty with respect to radiative forcing and future climate change. Both particle composition and size play key, yet poorly understood, roles in determining the cloud nucleating capabilities of aerosols. The following describes ambient and laboratory measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) measurements from a variety of sources, with the goal of understanding how composition and size interact in forming cloud droplets and ice crystals and the potential importance of aerosol composition and atmospheric aging processes on constraining uncertainties associated with the cloud nucleating properties of aerosols. Motivated by the anthropogenic emissions of soot particles as well as the potential properties of aged soot particles, ice formation and droplet activation of soot particles of various size and composition were studied. Generated soot particles were coated with a variety of atmospherically relevant acids of varying solubility properties. The particles were also exposed to ozone in order to simulate atmospheric oxidation and aging. A custom-built ice chamber was utilized to show that both uncoated and coated soot particles comparable to those generated in our studies are unlikely to significantly contribute to the global budget of heterogeneous IN at relevant atmospheric temperatures. This result is emphasized by comparison to an efficient ice nucleus, such as mineral dust. Coatings and oxidation by ozone also did not significantly alter the ice nucleation behavior of soot particles but aided in the uptake of water, suggesting the altered composition of a hydrophobic particle is important to take into account for cloud droplet activation. To assess the importance of particle composition in cloud droplet activation, measurements of CCN concentrations, single particle composition, and number size distributions were conducted at a high-elevation research site. The temporal evolution of detailed single particle chemical composition was compared with changes in CCN activation. A variety of particle types were observed; CCN activation largely followed the behavior of the sulfate-containing particle types; biomass burning particles also contained hygroscopic material that impacted CCN activation. The observed particles were largely aged; few local sources contributed to the particle composition due to the high elevation of the site. The results were also interpreted in terms of the assumed hygroscopicity of free tropospheric aerosol. As a further examination of the impacts of aging processes on aerosol hygroscopicity measurements of CCN concentrations, aerosol composition, and number size distributions were conducted during the winter season from of a variety of air masses, including aged marine, continental, and urban sources. Based on the measured chemistry and size properties of the ambient aerosol, CCN concentrations were predicted in order to assess the amount of composition detail necessary to explain droplet activation. Direct measurements of the composition of the activated droplets were also conducted with a novel technique to separate activated droplets from un-activated aerosol. Results suggest the importance of inorganic species in droplet activation, with non-oxidized organic species having negligible impacts on total aerosol hygroscopicity. Using the same novel separation technique, measurements of the single particle composition of activated droplet residual particles were determined at an urban site in the summertime, with similar air mass trajectories as the previous wintertime site, as well as influence from local urban aerosol sources. As a function of atmospheric supersaturation conditions the composition of activated droplet residual particles was compared to the ambient aerosol composition. The study was utilized to determine the level of composition and size detail required to describe droplet activation at a site with similar aged air mass trajectories to the previous study.
Book Synopsis Experimental Studies of the Interaction of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles with Clouds and Fogs by : Göran Frank
Download or read book Experimental Studies of the Interaction of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles with Clouds and Fogs written by Göran Frank and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
