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Author : D. F. Tomback
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (821 download)
Download or read book Dispersal of Whitebark Pine Seeds by Clark's Nutcrackers, a Mutualism Hypothesis written by D. F. Tomback and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Teresa J. Lorenz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (795 download)
Download or read book A Perplexing Puzzle written by Teresa J. Lorenz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taza D. Schaming
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Clark's Nutcracker Breeding Season Space Use and Foraging Behavior written by Taza D. Schaming and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considering the entire life history of a species is fundamental to developing effective conservation strategies. Decreasing populations of five-needle white pines may be leading to the decline of Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). These birds are important seed dispersers for at least ten conifer species in the western U.S., including whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an obligate mutualist of Clark's nutcrackers. For effective conservation of both Clark's nutcrackers and whitebark pine, it is essential to ensure stability of Clark's nutcracker populations. My objectives were to examine Clark's nutcracker breeding season home range size, territoriality, habitat selection, and foraging behavior in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, a region where whitebark pine is declining. I radio-tracked Clark's nutcrackers in 2011, a population-wide nonbreeding year following a low whitebark pine cone crop, and 2012, a breeding year following a high cone crop. Results suggest Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) communities are important habitat for Clark's nutcrackers because they selected it for home ranges. In contrast, they did not select whitebark pine habitat. However, Clark's nutcrackers did adjust their use of whitebark pine habitat between years, suggesting that, in some springs, whitebark pine habitat may be used more than previously expected. Newly extracted Douglas-fir seeds were an important food source both years. On the other hand, cached seeds made up a relatively lower proportion of the diet in 2011, suggesting cached seeds are not a reliable spring food source. Land managers focus on restoring whitebark pine habitat with the assumption that Clark's nutcrackers will be available to continue seed dispersal. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Clark's nutcracker populations may be more likely to be retained year-round when whitebark pine restoration efforts are located adjacent to Douglas-fir habitat. By extrapolation, whitebark pine restoration efforts in other regions may consider prioritizing restoration of whitebark pine stands near alternative seed sources.
Author : Taza D. Schaming
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Clark's Nutcrackers and Whitebark Pine written by Taza D. Schaming and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the face of widespread environmental change, understanding and promoting resilience and stability of plant-animal seed disperser mutualisms is key to effective conservation strategies. My two primary objectives were to (1) investigate the response of the keystone mutualism between whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) to declining habitat in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, and (2) suggest management strategies to help ensure persistence of Clark?s nutcrackers, and their important seed dispersal function. Between 2009 and 2016, I studied Clark?s nutcracker demography and behavioral plasticity by evaluating breeding ecology, space use, seasonal habitat selection and use, foraging ecology, and emigration, as a function of habitat quality and abundance. I carried out occupancy surveys, tracked individuals via radio and satellite, conducted behavioral observations, and monitored nests. Clark?s nutcracker demography and behavior was intimately associated with whitebark pine habitat. Population-wide failure to breed followed low whitebark pine cone crops, and in breeding years, fledging success increased with whitebark pine abundance, but decreased in higher mortality stands. Clark?s nutcracker occurrence was associated with both presence of cone-bearing whitebark pines, and landscape-scale abundance of the pines, suggesting conservation strategies should focus efforts at the landscape scale. The birds selected disproportionately high amounts of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) habitat for their home range, and foraged heavily on Douglas-fir cones, suggesting that whitebark pine should be managed within a habitat mosaic with Douglas-fir. The Clark?s nutcracker-whitebark pine mutualism appears functional in the region because birds were available to disperse seeds. However, it is unclear whether the mutualism is stable. Clark?s nutcrackers are highly mobile facultative migrants, and the majority of radio- and satellite-tagged birds disappeared during both the 2012 high and 2015 moderate whitebark pine cone crops. Managing Clark?s nutcrackers presents a complex conservation challenge, but I suggest promoting stability of Clark?s nutcracker populations, and focusing on the metapopulation in particular, is necessary for effective whitebark pine conservation. In this dissertation, I conclude by outlining recommended management strategies and key research questions that still need to be answered, finishing with important considerations that should be taken into account when designing a conservation plan for plant-animal seed disperser mutualisms.
Author : Taza Dawn Schaming
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Clark's Nutcrackers and Whitebark Pine written by Taza Dawn Schaming and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the face of widespread environmental change, understanding and promoting resilience and stability of plant-animal seed disperser mutualisms is key to effective conservation strategies. My two primary objectives were to (1) investigate the response of the keystone mutualism between whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) to declining habitat in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, and (2) suggest management strategies to help ensure persistence of Clark's nutcrackers, and their important seed dispersal function. Between 2009 and 2016, I studied Clark's nutcracker demography and behavioral plasticity by evaluating breeding ecology, space use, seasonal habitat selection and use, foraging ecology, and emigration, as a function of habitat quality and abundance. I carried out occupancy surveys, tracked individuals via radio and satellite, conducted behavioral observations, and monitored nests. Clark's nutcracker demography and behavior was intimately associated with whitebark pine habitat. Population-wide failure to breed followed low whitebark pine cone crops, and in breeding years, fledging success increased with whitebark pine abundance, but decreased in higher mortality stands. Clark's nutcracker occurrence was associated with both presence of cone-bearing whitebark pines, and landscape-scale abundance of the pines, suggesting conservation strategies should focus efforts at the landscape scale. The birds selected disproportionately high amounts of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) habitat for their home range, and foraged heavily on Douglas-fir cones, suggesting that whitebark pine should be managed within a habitat mosaic with Douglas-fir. The Clark's nutcracker-whitebark pine mutualism appears functional in the region because birds were available to disperse seeds. However, it is unclear whether the mutualism is stable. Clark's nutcrackers are highly mobile facultative migrants, and the majority of radio- and satellite-tagged birds disappeared during both the 2012 high and 2015 moderate whitebark pine cone crops. Managing Clark's nutcrackers presents a complex conservation challenge, but I suggest promoting stability of Clark's nutcracker populations, and focusing on the metapopulation in particular, is necessary for effective whitebark pine conservation. In this dissertation, I conclude by outlining recommended management strategies and key research questions that still need to be answered, finishing with important considerations that should be taken into account when designing a conservation plan for plant-animal seed disperser mutualisms.
Author : Adam M. Siepielski
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549356899
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (568 download)
Download or read book The Ecology and Evolution of Seed Dispersal Mutualisms Between Nutcrackers and Pines written by Adam M. Siepielski and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. M. Lanner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Dispersal of Limber Pine Seed by Clark's Nutcracker written by R. M. Lanner and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. F. Tomback
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Limber Pine Seed Harvest by Clark's Nutcracker in the Sierra Nevada written by D. F. Tomback and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tyler Justin Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Clark's Nutcracker Seed Use and Limber Pine Metapopulation Structure in Rocky Mountain National Park written by Tyler Justin Williams and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Craig Benkman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (895 download)
Download or read book Co-adaptations of Red Squirrels and Clark's Nutcrackers with Lumber Pine written by Craig Benkman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taza D. Schaming
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Population-Wide Failure to Breed in the Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga Columbiana) written by Taza D. Schaming and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In highly variable environments, conditions can be so stressful in some years that entire populations forgo reproduction in favor of higher likelihood of surviving to breed in future years. In two out of five years, Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga Columbiana) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem exhibited population-wide failure to breed. Clark's nutcrackers at the study site experienced substantial interannual differences in food availability and weather conditions, and the two nonbreeding years corresponded with low whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) cone crops the previous autumn ([less than or equal to] an average of 8 ± 2 cones per tree versus [greater than or equal to] an average of 20 ± 2 cones per tree during breeding years) and high snowpack in early spring ([greater than or equal to] 61.2 ± 5.5 cm versus [less than or equal to] 51.9 ± 4.4 cm during breeding years). The average adult body condition index during the breeding season was significantly lower in 2011 (-1.5 ± 1.1), a nonbreeding year, as compared to 2012 (6.2 ± 2.0), a breeding year. The environmental cues available to the birds prior to breeding, specifically availability of cached whitebark pine seeds, may have allowed them to predict that breeding conditions would be poor, leading to the decision to skip breeding. Alternatively, the Clark's nutcrackers may have had such low body energy stores that they chose not to or were unable to breed. Breeding plasticity would allow Clark's nutcrackers to exploit an unpredictable environment. However, if large-scale mortality of whitebark pines is leading to an increase in the number of nonbreeding years, there could be serious population-level and ecosystem-wide consequences.
Author : Phillip Franklin Elliott
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (347 download)
Download or read book Evolutionary Responses of Plants to Seed-eaters written by Phillip Franklin Elliott and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stephen W. Kress
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300213670
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Project Puffin written by Stephen W. Kress and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project Puffin is the inspiringstory of how a beloved seabird was restored to long-abandoned nesting colonies off the Maine coast. As a young ornithology instructor at the Hog Island Audubon Camp, Dr. Stephen W. Kress learned that puffins had nested on nearby islands until extirpated by hunters in the late 1800s. To right this environmental wrong, he resolved to bring puffins back to one such island—Eastern Egg Rock. Yet bringing the plan to reality meant convincing skeptics, finding resources, and inventing restoration methods at a time when many believed in “letting nature take its course.” Today, Project Puffin has restored more than 1,000 puffin pairs to three Maine islands. But even more exciting, techniques developed during the project have helped to restore rare and endangered seabirds worldwide. Further, reestablished puffins now serve as a window into the effects of climate change. The success of Dr. Kress's project offers hope that people can restore lost wildlife populations and the habitats that support them. The need for such inspiration has never been greater.
Author : Jeffrey S. Marks
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780931130199
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Birds of Montana written by Jeffrey S. Marks and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A definitive account of the Montana's birds covering historical aspects, conservation status, relative abundance, and ecology of all species known to occur in the state.
Author : Ronald A. Nussbaum
Publisher : Caxton Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Amphibians and Reptiles of the Pacific Northwest written by Ronald A. Nussbaum and published by Caxton Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by outstanding authorities in the field, this Northwest guide tells in interesting and readable fashion how to find and identify the various salamanders, frogs, turtles, lizards, and snakes that inhabit Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia.
Author : Saint Catherine (of Siena)
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book I, Catherine written by Saint Catherine (of Siena) and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 1980 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard Crossley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400847044
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Crossley ID Guide: Raptors written by Richard Crossley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... This book changes field guide design to make you a better birder ... The most comprehensive guide : 640 stunning scenes created from 10,000 of the author's photographs ... Lifelike in-focus scenes show birds in their habitats ..."--P. [4] of cover.
