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A Reconsideration Of The Theory Of Non Linear Scale Effects
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Book Synopsis A Reconsideration of the Theory of Non-Linear Scale Effects by : Richard G. Lipsey
Download or read book A Reconsideration of the Theory of Non-Linear Scale Effects written by Richard G. Lipsey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main thrust of this Element is a critical assessment of the theory and evidence concerning the sources of scale effects. It is argued that the analysis of static scale effects is important because scale effects are embedding in our world, and new technologies associated with an evolving economy often allow their exploitation when they cannot be exploited in less technically advanced and smaller economies. So, although static equilibrium theory is not a good vehicle for studying economic growth, showing how scale effects operate when output varies with given technology helps us to understand the scale effects that occur when output rises as a result of economic growth, even though that is typically driven by technological change.
Download or read book Axial Shift written by Benjamen Gussen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-17 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses historical analysis, constitutional economics, and complexity theory to furnish an account of city subsidiarity as a legal, ethical, political, and economic principle. The book contemplates subsidiarity as a constitutional principle, where cities would benefit from much wider local autonomy. Constitutional economics suggests an optimal limit to jurisdictional footprints (territories). This entails preference for political orders where sovereignty is shared between different cities rather states where capital cities dominate. The introduction of city subsidiarity as a constitutional principle holds the key to economic prosperity in a globalizing world. Moreover, insights from complexity theory suggest subsidiarity is the only effective response to the ‘problem of scale.’ It is a fitness trait that prevents highly complex systems from collapsing. The nation-state is a highly complex system within which cities function as ‘attractors.’ The collapse of such systems would ensue if there were strong coupling between attractors. Such coupling obtains under legal monism. Only subsidiarity can make the eventuality of collapse improbable. The emergent and self-organizing properties of subsidiarity entail a shift in policy emphasis towards cities with a wide margin of autonomy.
Book Synopsis Coevolution in Economic Systems by : Isabel Almudi
Download or read book Coevolution in Economic Systems written by Isabel Almudi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coevolution in economic systems plays a key role in the dynamics of contemporary societies. Coevolution operates when, considering several evolving realms within a socioeconomic system, these realms mutually shape their respective innovation, replication and/or selection processes. The processes that emerge from coevolution should be analyzed as being globally codetermined in dynamic terms. The notion of coevolution appears in the literature on modern innovation economics since the neo-Schumpeterian inception four decades ago. In this Element, these antecedents are drawn on to formally clarify and develop how the coevolution notion can expand the analytical and methodological scope of evolutionary economics, allowing for further unification and advance of evolutionary subfields.
Book Synopsis Explaining Technology by : Roger Koppl
Download or read book Explaining Technology written by Roger Koppl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element develops an innovative combinatorial model of technological change and tests it with 2,000 years of data from global GDP data and US patents, thus generating the observed historical pattern of technological change. This Element models the Industrial Revolution as a combinatorial explosion.
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Games and the Replicator Dynamics by : Saul Mendoza-Palacios
Download or read book Evolutionary Games and the Replicator Dynamics written by Saul Mendoza-Palacios and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-06 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element introduces the replicator dynamics for symmetric and asymmetric games where the strategy sets are metric spaces. Under this hypothesis the replicator dynamics evolves in a Banach space of finite signed measures. The authors provide a general framework to study the stability of the replicator dynamics for evolutionary games in this Banach space. This allows them to establish a relation between Nash equilibria and the stability of the replicator for normal a form games applicable to oligopoly models, theory of international trade, public good models, the tragedy of commons, and War of attrition game among others. They also provide conditions to approximate the replicator dynamics on a space of measures by means of a finite-dimensional dynamical system and a sequence of measure-valued Markov processes.
Book Synopsis Industrial Policy by : Kenneth I. Carlaw
Download or read book Industrial Policy written by Kenneth I. Carlaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-14 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dismissing industrial policy because 'governments cannot pick winners' is counter-productive. This Element studying selected major innovations illustrates the fact that virtually all major new technologies have been developed by a synergetic cooperation between the public and the private sectors, each doing what it can do best. By examining how R&D is financed, rather than where it takes place, the authors show that the role of the public sector is much more pronounced than is often thought. The nature of the cooperation − who does what − varies with the nature of each innovation so that simple, one-size-fits-all, rules about what each sector should do are suspect. These results are particularly important because they challenge the scepticism in the United states and elsewhere about the importance of industrial policy, a scepticism that threatens to undermine the long-term, and necessary cooperation, between the public and private sectors in promoting growth-inducing innovations.
Download or read book Fusion Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Fracture and Damage Mechanics by : M. H. Aliabadi
Download or read book Nonlinear Fracture and Damage Mechanics written by M. H. Aliabadi and published by Witpress. This book was released on 2001 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating the latest research in this increasingly popular area, this book presents theoretical and computational methods for problems in the field of nonlinear fracture and damage mechanics.
Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Generalized Continuum Mechanics and Engineering Applications by : Angela Madeo
Download or read book Generalized Continuum Mechanics and Engineering Applications written by Angela Madeo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-10-31 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new concept of metamaterial is increasingly attracting the interest of physicists and mechanical engineers. Such materials are obtained by suitably assembling multiple individual elements but usually arranged in (quasi-)periodic substructures in order to show exotic global mechanical properties. Indeed, the particular shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement of their constituting elements can affect, the propagation of waves of light or sound in a manner not observed in natural materials, creating material properties which may give rise to unexpected engineering applications. Particularly promising in the design and description of metamaterials are those micro-structures which present high contrasts in their mechanical properties: these micro-structures, once homogenized, may produce generalized continuum media, for example, second gradient or micromorphic. Many scientific challenges related to the application of generalized continuum theories to the characterization and conception of high-performance metamaterials can be identified. In this book we identify and discuss four main potential fields of applications of generalized continuum theories, namely, mechanical behavior of fibrous composite reinforcements, wave propagation in metamaterials, mechanical behavior of concrete and mechanically driven remodeling of bone in presence of bio-resorbable materials. For each field, we underline how the use of a generalized continuum theory can be of help for describing how the presence of microstructure can affect the global mechanical behavior of the considered metamaterials. - Covers four main fields of the application of continuum theories - Learn how to apply generalised continuum theory to describe the effects of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of materials - Decipher the material properties which aid your engineering applications
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Problems in Flight Dynamics Involving Aerodynamic Bifurcations by :
Download or read book Nonlinear Problems in Flight Dynamics Involving Aerodynamic Bifurcations written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Variational Models and Methods in Solid and Fluid Mechanics by : Francesco dell'Isola
Download or read book Variational Models and Methods in Solid and Fluid Mechanics written by Francesco dell'Isola and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: F. dell'Isola, L. Placidi: Variational principles are a powerful tool also for formulating field theories. - F. dell'Isola, P. Seppecher, A. Madeo: Beyond Euler-Cauchy Continua. The structure of contact actions in N-th gradient generalized continua: a generalization of the Cauchy tetrahedron argument. - B. Bourdin, G.A. Francfort: Fracture. - S. Gavrilyuk: Multiphase flow modeling via Hamilton's principle. - V. L. Berdichevsky: Introduction to stochastic variational problems. - A. Carcaterra: New concepts in damping generation and control: theoretical formulation and industrial applications. - F. dell'Isola, P. Seppecher, A. Madeo: Fluid shock wave generation at solid-material discontinuity surfaces in porous media. Variational methods give an efficient and elegant way to formulate and solve mathematical problems that are of interest to scientists and engineers. In this book three fundamental aspects of the variational formulation of mechanics will be presented: physical, mathematical and applicative ones. The first aspect concerns the investigation of the nature of real physical problems with the aim of finding the best variational formulation suitable to those problems. The second aspect is the study of the well-posedeness of those mathematical problems which need to be solved in order to draw previsions from the formulated models. And the third aspect is related to the direct application of variational analysis to solve real engineering problems.
Book Synopsis Research Design in Political Science by : T. Gschwend
Download or read book Research Design in Political Science written by T. Gschwend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When embarking on a new research project students face the same core research design issues. This volume provides readers with practical guidelines for both qualitative and quantitative designs, discusses the typical trade-offs involved in choosing them and is rich in examples from actual research.
Book Synopsis Progress in Nanophotonics 5 by : Takashi Yatsui
Download or read book Progress in Nanophotonics 5 written by Takashi Yatsui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents important topics in nanophotonics in review-style chapters written by world leading scientists. The book sketches the history of dressed photon science and technology and explains why advanced theories of dressed photons are required. To meet this requirement, the recent results of theoretical studies and the theory of dressed photons are displayed by modifying the conventional electromagnetic theory. The classical theoretical model of spatiotemporal vortex dynamics is explained by treating the dressed photon as a space-like virtual photon. Also discussed in the book is the energy transfer of dressed photons, based on a quantum walk model and a quantum mechanical measurement process of dressed photons for connecting the nano- and macro-systems. Dressed photons are explained as quantum fields by characterizing them in momentum space.
Book Synopsis Global Environmental Commons by : Eric Brousseau
Download or read book Global Environmental Commons written by Eric Brousseau and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental challenges, and the potential solutions to address them, have a direct effect on living standards, the organization of economies, major infrastructures, and modes of urbanization. Since the publication of path-breaking contributions on the governance of environmental resources in the early 1990s, many political initiatives have been taken, numerous governance experiments have been conducted, and a large multi-disciplinary field of research has opened up. This interdisciplinary book takes stock of the knowledge that has accumulated to date, and addresses new challenges in the provision of environmental goods. It focuses on three essential dimensions with respect to governance. First, it addresses the issue of designing governance solutions through analyzing systems of rules, and levels of organization, in the governance and management of environmental issues. Second, it draws renewed attention to the negotiation processes among stakeholders playing a crucial role in reaching agreements over issues and solutions, and in choosing and implementing particular policy instruments. Finally, it shows that compliance depends on a combination of formal rules, enforced by recognized authorities, and informal obligations, such as social and individual norms. The evolution of the research frontiers on environmental governance shows that more legitimate and informed processes of collective decision, and more subtle and effective ways of managing compliance, can contribute to more effective policy. However, this book also illustrates that more democratic and effective governance should rely on more direct and pluralistic forms of involvement of citizens and stakeholders in the collective decision making processes
Book Synopsis Nicholas Kaldor and Mainstream Economics by : Edward J. Nell
Download or read book Nicholas Kaldor and Mainstream Economics written by Edward J. Nell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-06-18 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the role of Nicholas Kaldor within economics. Topics covered range from Kaldor's discovery of the Von Neumann input-output model, to cyclical growth in a Kaldorian model, to Nicholas Kaldor as advocate of commodity reserve currency.
