A Model Of Plan Inference That Distinguishes Between The Beliefs Of Actors And Observers

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Reasoning About Actions & Plans

Author : Michael P. Georgeff
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323141722
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning About Actions & Plans by : Michael P. Georgeff

Download or read book Reasoning About Actions & Plans written by Michael P. Georgeff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reasoning About Actions and Plans discusses approaches to a number of the more challenging problems in reasoning about the future and forming plans of action to achieve their goals. Reasoning about actions and plans can be seen as fundamental to the development of intelligent machines that are capable of dealing effectively with real-world problems. This book comprises 17 chapters, with the first delving into the semantics of STRIPS. The following chapters then discuss a theory of plans; formulating multiagent, dynamic-world problems in the classical planning framework; and a representation of parallel activity based on events, structure, and causality. Other chapters cover branching regular expressions and multi-agent plans; a representation of action and belief for automatic planning systems; possible worlds planning; and intractability and time-dependent planning. The remaining chapters discuss goal structure, holding periods and "clouds"; a model of plan inference that distinguishes between the beliefs of actors and observers; persistence, intention, and commitment; the context-sensitivity of belief and desire; the doxastic theory of intention; an architecture for intelligent reactive systems; and abstract reasoning as emergent from concrete activity. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of cognition and artificial intelligence.

Introduction to Symbolic Plan and Goal Recognition

Author : Reuth Reuth Mirsky
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031015894
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Symbolic Plan and Goal Recognition by : Reuth Reuth Mirsky

Download or read book Introduction to Symbolic Plan and Goal Recognition written by Reuth Reuth Mirsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plan recognition, activity recognition, and goal recognition all involve making inferences about other actors based on observations of their interactions with the environment and other agents. This synergistic area of research combines, unites, and makes use of techniques and research from a wide range of areas including user modeling, machine vision, automated planning, intelligent user interfaces, human-computer interaction, autonomous and multi-agent systems, natural language understanding, and machine learning. It plays a crucial role in a wide variety of applications including assistive technology, software assistants, computer and network security, human-robot collaboration, natural language processing, video games, and many more. This wide range of applications and disciplines has produced a wealth of ideas, models, tools, and results in the recognition literature. However, it has also contributed to fragmentation in the field, with researchers publishing relevant results in a wide spectrum of journals and conferences. This book seeks to address this fragmentation by providing a high-level introduction and historical overview of the plan and goal recognition literature. It provides a description of the core elements that comprise these recognition problems and practical advice for modeling them. In particular, we define and distinguish the different recognition tasks. We formalize the major approaches to modeling these problems using a single motivating example. Finally, we describe a number of state-of-the-art systems and their extensions, future challenges, and some potential applications.

Reasoning About Plans

Author : James Allen
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 1483295966
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Reasoning About Plans by : James Allen

Download or read book Reasoning About Plans written by James Allen and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents four contributions to planning research within an integrated framework. James Allen offers a survey of his research in the field of temporal reasoning, and then describes a planning system formalized and implemented directly as an inference process in the temporal logic. Starting from the same logic, Henry Kautz develops the first formal specification of the plan recognition process and develops a powerful family of algorithms for plan recognition in complex situations. Richard Pelavin then extends the temporal logic with model operators that allow the representation to support reasoning about complex planning situations involving simultaneous interacting actions, and interaction with external events. Finally, Josh Tenenberg introduces two different formalisms of abstraction in planning systems and explores the properties of these abstraction techniques in depth.

Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue

Author : Sandra Carberry
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262031677
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue by : Sandra Carberry

Download or read book Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue written by Sandra Carberry and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sandra Carberry addresses the problem of creating computational strategies that can improve user-computer communication by assimilating ongoing dialogue and reasoning on the acquired knowledge. In most current natural language systems each query is treated as an isolated request for information regardless of its context in dialogue. Sandra Carberry addresses the problem of creating computational strategies that can improve user-computer communication by assimilating ongoing dialogue and reasoning on the acquired knowledge. Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue critically examines plan recognition - the inference of an agent's goals and how he or she intends to achieve them. It describes significant models of plan inference and presents in detail the author's own model, which infers new goals from user utterances and integrates them into the system's model of the user's plan, incrementally expanding and adding detail to its beliefs about what the information seeker wants to do. Carberry then outlines computational strategies for interpreting two kinds of problematic utterances: utterances that violate the pragmatic rules of the system's world model and intersentential elliptical fragments. She also suggests directions for future research. Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue is included in the ACL-MIT Press Series in Natural Language Processing edited by Aravind Joshi.

Industrial And Engineering Applications Of Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems

Author : Moonis Ali
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780897912716
Total Pages : 636 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Industrial And Engineering Applications Of Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems by : Moonis Ali

Download or read book Industrial And Engineering Applications Of Artificial Intelligence And Expert Systems written by Moonis Ali and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1988-08 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Intentions in Communication

Author : Philip R. Cohen
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262031509
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Intentions in Communication by : Philip R. Cohen

Download or read book Intentions in Communication written by Philip R. Cohen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intentions in Communication brings together major theorists from artificial intelligence and computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and psychology whose work develops the foundations for an account of the role of intentions in a comprehensive theory of communication. It demonstrates, for the first time, the emerging cooperation among disciplines concerned with the fundamental role of intention in communication.The fourteen contributions in this book address central questions about the nature of intention as it is understood in theories of communication, the crucial role of intention recognition in understanding utterances, the use of principles of rational interaction in interpreting speech acts, the contribution of intonation contours to intention recognition, and the need for more general models of intention that support a view of dialogue as a collaborative activity.The contributors are Michael E. Bratman, Philip R. Cohen, Hector J. Levesque, Martha E. Pollack, Henry Kautz, Andrew J. I. Jones, C. Raymond Perrault, Daniel Vanderveken, Janet Pierrehumbert, Julia Hirschberg, Richmond H. Thomason, Diane J Litman, James F. Allen, John R. Searle, Barbara J. Grosz, Candace L. Sidner, Herbert H. Clark and Deanna Wilkes-Gibbs. The book also includes commentaries by James F. Allen, W. A Woods, Jerry Morgan, Jerrold M. Sadock Jerry R. Hobbs, and Kent Bach.Philip R. Cohen is a Senior Computer Scientist at the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI International and is a Senior Researcher with the Center for the Study of Language and Information; Jerry Morgan is Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Martha E. Pollack is a Computer Scientist at the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI International and is a Senior Researcher with the Center for the Study of Language and Information. Intentions in Communication is included in the System Development Foundation Benchmark Series.

Artificial Believers

Author : Afzal Ballim
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134749422
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Believers by : Afzal Ballim

Download or read book Artificial Believers written by Afzal Ballim and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling of individual beliefs is essential to the computer understanding of natural languages. Phenomena at all levels -- syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic -- cannot be fully analyzed in the absence of models of a hearer and of the hearer's model of other believers. The heart of this text is the presentation of an artificial intelligence (AI) program intended to simulate certain aspects of a human believer. This book provides a prolog program, Viewgen, that maintains belief structures about the world and other believers, and is able to ascribe beliefs to others without direct evidence by using a form of default reasoning. The authors contend that a plausible model such as this can -- in the best cognitive science tradition -- shed light on the long-standing philosophical problem of what belief is. The issues presented here will be of considerable interest to an informed general reader as well as those with a background in any of the disciplines that make up what is now called cognitive science: philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuropsychology, and also AI itself.

Learning Electricity and Electronics with Advanced Educational Technology

Author : Michel Caillot
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662028786
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Learning Electricity and Electronics with Advanced Educational Technology by : Michel Caillot

Download or read book Learning Electricity and Electronics with Advanced Educational Technology written by Michel Caillot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Learning electricity and electronics with advanced educational technology" was to bring together researchers coming from different domains. Electricity education is a domain where a lot of research has already been made. The first meeting on electricity teaching was organized in 1984 by R. Duit, W. Jung and C. von Rhoneck in Ludwigsburg (Germany). Since then, research has been going on and we can consider that the workshop was the successor of this first meeting. Our goal was not to organize a workshop grouping only people producing software in the field of electricity education or more generally in the field of physics education, even if this software was based on artificial intelligence techniques. On the contrary, we wanted this workshop to bring together researchers involved in the connection between cognitive science and the learning of a well defined domain such as electricity. So during the workshop, people doing research in physics education, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence had the opportunity to discuss and exchange. These proceedings reflect the different points of view. The main idea is that designing a learning environment needs the confrontation of different approaches. The proceedings are organized in five parts which reflect these different aspects.

Social Intelligence and Interaction

Author : Esther N. Goody
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521459495
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (594 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Intelligence and Interaction by : Esther N. Goody

Download or read book Social Intelligence and Interaction written by Esther N. Goody and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-03-23 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing view that intelligence evolved as a product of social interdependence. The unique development of human intelligence was probably linked to the use of spoken language, but language itself evolved in the context of social interaction, and in its development it has shaped - and been shaped by - social institutions. Taking as their starting-point the social production of intelligence and of language, scholars across a range of disciplines are beginning to rethink fundamental questions about human evolution, language and social institutions. This volume brings together anthropologists, linguists, primatologists and psychologists, all working on this new frontier of research.

Action Based Collaboration Analysis for Group Learning

Author : Martin Mühlenbrock
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586031756
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (317 download)

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Book Synopsis Action Based Collaboration Analysis for Group Learning by : Martin Mühlenbrock

Download or read book Action Based Collaboration Analysis for Group Learning written by Martin Mühlenbrock and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shared-workspace systems with structured graphical representations allow for the free user interaction and the joint construction of problem solutions for potentially open-ended tasks. However, group modelling in shared workspaces has to take on a process-orientated perspective due to the reduced system control in shared workspaces. This text is defined as the monitoring of user actions and the abstraction and interpretation of the raw data in the context of the group interaction and the problem representation. Formally based on plan recognition and the situation calculus, an approach has been developed that incorporates an operational hierarchy for generally modelling activities. The system performs an automatic inline analysis of group interactions and the results are visualized in different forms to give feedback and stimulating self-reflection.

Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

Author : Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317781600
Total Pages : 1212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society by : Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference

Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society written by Cognitive Science Society (US) Conference and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 14th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Intelligent Agents II - Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages

Author : Michael Wooldridge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540608059
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Agents II - Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages by : Michael Wooldridge

Download or read book Intelligent Agents II - Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages written by Michael Wooldridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-01-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the second International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, held in conjunction with the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'95 in Montreal, Canada in August 1995. The 26 papers are revised final versions of the workshop presentations selected from a total of 54 submissions; also included is a comprehensive introduction, a detailed bibliography listing 355 relevant publications, and a subject index. The book is structured into seven sections, reflecting the most current major directions in agent-related research. Together with its predecessor, Intelligent Agents, published as volume 890 in the LNAI series, this book provides a timely and comprehensive state-of-the-art report.

Methodologies for Intelligent Systems

Author : Zbigniew Raâs
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540545637
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodologies for Intelligent Systems by : Zbigniew Raâs

Download or read book Methodologies for Intelligent Systems written by Zbigniew Raâs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-09-25 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the papers selected for presentation at the Sixth International Symposium on Methodol- ogies for Intelligent Systems held in Charlotte, North Carolina, in October 1991. The symposium was hosted by UNC-Charlotte and sponsored by IBM-Charlotte, ORNL/CESAR and UNC-Charlotte. The papers discuss topics in the following major areas: - Approximate reasoning, - Expert systems, - Intelligent databases, - Knowledge representation, - Learning and adaptive systems, - Logic for artificial intelligence. The goal of the symposium was to provide a platform for a useful exchange and cross-fertilization of ideas between theoreticians and practitioners in these areas.

Cognition and Pragmatics

Author : Dominiek Sandra
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027207801
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition and Pragmatics by : Dominiek Sandra

Download or read book Cognition and Pragmatics written by Dominiek Sandra and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ten volumes of "Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights" focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While other volumes select philosophical, grammatical, social, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this third volume focuses on the interface between language and cognition. Language use is impossible without the mobilization of a large variety of cognitive processes, each serving a different purpose. During the last half century cognitive approaches to language have been particularly successful, and the broad spectrum of contributions to this volume testify to this success. As cognitive approaches to language are by definition a subset of the larger enterprise of cognitive science, a contribution on this general topic sets the stage. This is joined by a chapter on cognitive grammar, a theoretical study of the architecture of human language that is deeply inspired by general cognitive principles. A chapter on experimentation offers a crash-course on basic issues of experimental design and on the rationale behind statistical testing in general and the most important statistical tests in particular, offering a methodological toolkit for understanding many of the other contributions. Different chapters cover a broad range of topics: language acquisition, psycholinguistics, specialized topics within the latter field (e.g. the bilingual mental lexicon, categorization), and aspects of language awareness. Some chapters home in on what have become indispensible perspectives on the cognitive underpinnings of language: the way language is represented and processed in the human brain and simulation studies. The ever-growing success of the latter type of studies is exemplified, for instance, by the highly flourishing connectionist tradition and the more general paradigm of artificial intelligence, each of which is dealt with in a separate contribution.

Literature and Cognition

Author : Jerry R. Hobbs
Publisher : Center for the Study of Language (CSLI)
ISBN 13 : 9780937073520
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (735 download)

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Book Synopsis Literature and Cognition by : Jerry R. Hobbs

Download or read book Literature and Cognition written by Jerry R. Hobbs and published by Center for the Study of Language (CSLI). This book was released on 1990-09-30 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive science, with its guiding metaphor of the mind as a computer, has made substantial progress towards an understanding of how people comprehend and produce discourse. The essays in this book apply these insights to problems in the interpretation of literature. The first two chapters present the outline of a cognitive theory of discourse and use it to shed light on some classic issues in literary theory, including the roles of the author's intention and the reader's brief systems in the meaning of a literary work. The next three chapters are more technical investigations of discourse interpretation, metaphor, and discourse coherence. The framework developed is then used in the examination of two literary works, a sonnet by Milton and the novella Sylvie by Gérard de Nerval.

User Models in Dialog Systems

Author : Alfred Kobsa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364283230X
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis User Models in Dialog Systems by : Alfred Kobsa

Download or read book User Models in Dialog Systems written by Alfred Kobsa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: User models have recently attracted much research interest in the field of artificial intelligence dialog systems. It has become evident that flexible user-oriented dialog behavior of such systems can be achieved only if the system has access to a model of the user containing assumptions about his/her background knowledge as well as his/her goals and plans in consulting the system. Research in the field of user models investigates how such assumptions can be automatically created, represented and exploited by the system in the course of an "on-line" interaction with the user. The communication medium in this interaction need not necessarily be a natural language, such as English or German. Formal interaction languages are also permit ted. The emphasis is placed on systems with natural language input and output, however. A dozen major and several more minor user modeling systems have been de signed and implemented in the last decade, mostly in the context of natural-language dialog systems. The goal of UM86, the first international workshop on user model ing, was to bring together the researchers working on these projects so that results could be discussed and analyzed, and hopefully general insights be found, that could prove useful for future research. The meeting took place in Maria Laach, a small village some 40 miles south of Bonn, West Germany. 25 prominent researchers were invited to participate.

Foundations of Distributed Artificial Intelligence

Author : G. M. P. O'Hare
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471006756
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Foundations of Distributed Artificial Intelligence by : G. M. P. O'Hare

Download or read book Foundations of Distributed Artificial Intelligence written by G. M. P. O'Hare and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-05 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) is a dynamic area of research and this book is the first comprehensive, truly integrated exposition of the discipline presenting influential contributions from leaders in the field. Commences with a solid introduction to the theoretical and practical issues of DAI, followed by a discussion of the core research topics--communication, coordination, planning--and how they are related to each other. The third section describes a number of DAI testbeds, illustrating particular strategies commissioned to provide software environments for building and experimenting with DAI systems. The final segment contains contributions which consider DAI from different perspectives.