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A Manual Of Operation For The Automatic Controlled Calculator
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Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator by : Harvard University. Computation Laboratory
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator written by Harvard University. Computation Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Controlled Calculator by : Harvard University. Computation Laboratory
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Controlled Calculator written by Harvard University. Computation Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator by : Harvard university (Cambridge, Mass.). Computation laboratory
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator written by Harvard university (Cambridge, Mass.). Computation laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automated Sequence Controlled Calculator by : Harvard Computation Laboratory
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automated Sequence Controlled Calculator written by Harvard Computation Laboratory and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1944, at a dedication ceremony at Harvard's Cruft Laboratory, one of the world's first automatic digital calculating machines was unveiled to the public. The machine was the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, more commonly known as the Harvard Mark I. The staff of the Harvard Computation Laboratory was unprepared for the interest which news of the machine's dedication touched off, and in response to many inquiries they arranged for the publication of this Manual of Operation.If the Mark I itself was a milestone in digital computing, so was this Manual: it was one of the first publications to address the fundamental question of how to get a computer to solve problems. Scattered throughout the book are listings of operation codes that represent sequences of operations the Mark I would carry out: these are among the first examples anywhere of what are now called computer programs. Both this Manual of Operation and the computer it describes reveal the profound transition from an age when computing was something human beings did, with varying degrees of mechanical aids, to one where machines themselves do most of the work.A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator was originally published in 1946 by Harvard University Press. It is Volume VII in the Charles babbage Institute reprint series.
Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequences Controlled Calculator by : Harvard University. Computation Laboratory
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequences Controlled Calculator written by Harvard University. Computation Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequences Controlled Calculator by : Grace Murray Jhopper
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequences Controlled Calculator written by Grace Murray Jhopper and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator by :
Download or read book A Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator written by and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1985 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the Mark I itself was a milestone in digital computing, so was this Manual: it was one of the first publications to address the fundamental question of how to get a computer to solve problems.
Download or read book Computer written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer: A History of the Information Machine traces the history of the computer and shows how business and government were the first to explore its unlimited, information-processing potential. Old-fashioned entrepreneurship combined with scientific know-how inspired now famous computer engineers to create the technology that became IBM. Wartime needs drove the giant ENIAC, the first fully electronic computer. Later, the PC enabled modes of computing that liberated people from room-sized, mainframe computers. This third edition provides updated analysis on software and computer networking, including new material on the programming profession, social networking, and mobile computing. It expands its focus on the IT industry with fresh discussion on the rise of Google and Facebook as well as how powerful applications are changing the way we work, consume, learn, and socialize. Computer is an insightful look at the pace of technological advancement and the seamless way computers are integrated into the modern world. Through comprehensive history and accessible writing, Computer is perfect for courses on computer history, technology history, and information and society, as well as a range of courses in the fields of computer science, communications, sociology, and management.
Download or read book Howard Aiken written by I. Bernard Cohen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biography of Howard Aiken, a major figure of the early digital era, by a major historian of science who was also a colleague of Aiken's at Harvard. Howard Hathaway Aiken (1900-1973) was a major figure of the early digital era. He is best known for his first machine, the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Harvard Mark I, conceived in 1937 and put into operation in 1944. But he also made significant contributions to the development of applications for the new machines and to the creation of a university curriculum for computer science. This biography of Aiken, by a major historian of science who was also a colleague of Aiken's at Harvard, offers a clear and often entertaining introduction to Aiken and his times. Aiken's Mark I was the most intensely used of the early large-scale, general-purpose automatic digital computers, and it had a significant impact on the machines that followed. Aiken also proselytized for the computer among scientists, scholars, and businesspeople and explored novel applications in data processing, automatic billing, and production control. But his most lasting contribution may have been the students who received degrees under him and then took prominent positions in academia and industry. I. Bernard Cohen argues convincingly for Aiken's significance as a shaper of the computer world in which we now live.
Book Synopsis Routines of Substitution by : Mark Priestley
Download or read book Routines of Substitution written by Mark Priestley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a historical and philosophical study of the programming work carried out by John von Neumann in the period 1945-8. At the heart of the book is an examination of a manuscript featuring the earliest known surviving example of von Neumann’s coding, a routine written in 1945 to ‘mesh’ two sequences of data and intended to be part of a larger program implementing the algorithm now known as mergesort. The text of the manuscript itself, along with a preliminary document describing the code he used to write this program, are reproduced as appendices. The program is approached in three chapters describing the historical background to von Neumann’s work, the significance of the sorting application itself, and the development of the EDVAC, the machine for which the program was written. The subsequent chapters widen the focus again, discussing the subsequent evolution of the program and the crucial topic of subroutines, before concluding by situating von Neumann’s work in a number of wider contexts. The book also offers a unifying philosophical interpretation of von Neumann’s approach to coding.
Download or read book Grace Hopper written by Xina M. Uhl and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2019-12-15 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nicknames like the "Mother of Modern Naval Computing" and "Grandma COBOL" described the impact mathematical genius Grace Hopper had on the computer's development. In 1942, the first electronic computer filled an entire room. One simple calculation took hours to finish. As the first woman to program the United States' first computer, Hopper earned herself another nickname, "Amazing Grace." With fascinating details and period photographs, this fascinating biography covers the life and many achievements of a woman scientist without whom the development of modern computers would be impossible.
Book Synopsis From Gutenberg to the Internet by : Jeremy M. Norman
Download or read book From Gutenberg to the Internet written by Jeremy M. Norman and published by Norman Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Gutenberg to the Internet presents 63 original readings from the history of computing, networking, and telecommunications arranged thematically by chapters. Most of the readings record basic discoveries from the 1830s through the 1960s that laid the foundation of the world of digital information in which we live. These readings, some of which are illustrated, trace historic steps from the early nineteenth century development of telegraph systems---the first data networks---through the development of the earliest general-purpose programmable computers and the earliest software, to the foundation in 1969 of ARPANET, the first national computer network that eventually became the Internet. The readings will allow you to review early developments and ideas in the history of information technology that eventually led to the convergence of computing, data networking, and telecommunications in the Internet. The editor has written a lengthy illustrated historical introduction concerning the impact of the Internet on book culture. It compares and contrasts the transition from manuscript to print initiated by Gutenberg's invention of printing by moveable type in the 15th century with the transition that began in the mid-19th century from a print-centric world to the present world in which printing co-exists with various electronic media that converged to form the Internet. He also provided a comprehensive and wide-ranging annotated timeline covering selected developments in the history of information technology from the year 100 up to 2004, and supplied introductory notes to each reading. Some introductory notes contain supplementary illustrations.
Book Synopsis Grace Hopper by : Kathleen Broome Williams
Download or read book Grace Hopper written by Kathleen Broome Williams and published by Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Grace Hopper retired as a rear admiral from the U.S. Navy in 1986, she was the first woman restricted line officer to reach flag rank and, at the age of seventy-nine, the oldest serving officer in the Navy. A mathematician by training who became a computer scientist, the eccentric and outspoken Hopper helped propel the Navy into the computer age. She also was a superb publicist for the Navy, appearing frequently on radio and television and quoted regularly in newspapers and magazines. Yet in spite of all the attention she received, until now ""Amazing Grace,"" as she was called, has never been the subject of a full biography. Kathleen Broome Williams looks at Hopper's entire naval career, from the time she joined the WAVES and was sent in 1943 to work on the Mark I computer at Harvard, where she became one of the country's first computer programmers. Thanks to this early Navy introduction to computing, the author explains, Hopper had a distinguished civilian career in commercial computing after the war, gaining fame for her part in the creation of COBOL. The admiral's Navy days were far from over, however, and Williams tells how Hopper--already past retirement age--was recalled to active duty at the Pentagon in 1967 to standardize computer-programming languages for Navy computers. Her temporary appointment lasted for nineteen years while she standardized COBOL for the entire department of defense. Based on extensive interviews with colleagues and family and on archival material never before examined, this biography not only illuminates Hopper's pioneering accomplishments in a field that came to be dominated by men, but provides a fascinating overview of computing from its beginnings in World War II to the late 1980s.
Book Synopsis The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann by : Herman H. Goldstine
Download or read book The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann written by Herman H. Goldstine and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1942, Lt. Herman H. Goldstine, a former mathematics professor, was stationed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. It was there that he assisted in the creation of the ENIAC, the first electronic digital computer. The ENIAC was operational in 1945, but plans for a new computer were already underway. The principal source of ideas for the new computer was John von Neumann, who became Goldstine's chief collaborator. Together they developed EDVAC, successor to ENIAC. After World War II, at the Institute for Advanced Study, they built what was to become the prototype of the present-day computer. Herman Goldstine writes as both historian and scientist in this first examination of the development of computing machinery, from the seventeenth century through the early 1950s. His personal involvement lends a special authenticity to his narrative, as he sprinkles anecdotes and stories liberally through his text.
Book Synopsis Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing by : Herbert Bruderer
Download or read book Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing written by Herbert Bruderer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 2072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Third Edition is the first English-language edition of the award-winning Meilensteine der Rechentechnik; illustrated in full color throughout in two volumes. The Third Edition is devoted to both analog and digital computing devices, as well as the world's most magnificient historical automatons and select scientific instruments (employed in astronomy, surveying, time measurement, etc.). It also features detailed instructions for analog and digital mechanical calculating machines and instruments, and is the only such historical book with comprehensive technical glossaries of terms not found in print or in online dictionaries. The book also includes a very extensive bibliography based on the literature of numerous countries around the world. Meticulously researched, the author conducted a worldwide survey of science, technology and art museums with their main holdings of analog and digital calculating and computing machines and devices, historical automatons and selected scientific instruments in order to describe a broad range of masterful technical achievements. Also covering the history of mathematics and computer science, this work documents the cultural heritage of technology as well.
Download or read book Computing written by Paul E. Ceruzzi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the history of computing through 4 major threads of development in this compact, accessible history covering punch cards, Silicon Valley, smartphones, and much more. In an accessible style, computer historian Paul Ceruzzi offers a broad though detailed history of computing, from the first use of the word “digital” in 1942 to the development of punch cards and the first general purpose computer, to the internet, Silicon Valley, and smartphones and social networking. Ceruzzi identifies 4 major threads that run throughout all of computing’s technological development: • Digitization: the coding of information, computation, and control in binary form • The convergence of multiple streams of techniques, devices, and machines • The steady advance of electronic technology, as characterized famously by “Moore's Law” • Human-machine interface The history of computing could be told as the story of hardware and software, or the story of the Internet, or the story of “smart” hand-held devices. In this concise and accessible account of the invention and development of digital technology, Ceruzzi offers a general and more useful perspective for students of computer science and history.
Book Synopsis Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age by : Kurt W. Beyer
Download or read book Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age written by Kurt W. Beyer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-02-10 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The career of computer visionary Grace Murray Hopper, whose innovative work in programming laid the foundations for the user-friendliness of today's personal computers that sparked the information age. A Hollywood biopic about the life of computer pioneer Grace Murray Hopper (1906–1992) would go like this: a young professor abandons the ivy-covered walls of academia to serve her country in the Navy after Pearl Harbor and finds herself on the front lines of the computer revolution. She works hard to succeed in the all-male computer industry, is almost brought down by personal problems but survives them, and ends her career as a celebrated elder stateswoman of computing, a heroine to thousands, hailed as the inventor of computer programming. Throughout Hopper's later years, the popular media told this simplified version of her life story. In Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age, Kurt Beyer reveals a more authentic Hopper, a vibrant and complex woman whose career paralleled the meteoric trajectory of the postwar computer industry. Both rebellious and collaborative, Hopper was influential in male-dominated military and business organizations at a time when women were encouraged to devote themselves to housework and childbearing. Hopper's greatest technical achievement was to create the tools that would allow humans to communicate with computers in terms other than ones and zeroes. This advance influenced all future programming and software design and laid the foundation for the development of user-friendly personal computers.
