A Longitudinal Investigation Into The Association Of Smoking And Depression Among Adolescents Exposures Outcomes And Auxiliary Hypotheses

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A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses by :

Download or read book A Longitudinal Investigation Into the Association of Smoking and Depression Among Adolescents: Exposures, Outcomes, and Auxiliary Hypotheses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: The association between smoking and depression has been well established, but the nature of the relationship has not been determined. A synthesis of longitudinal studies examining the onset of smoking and depression among adolescents demonstrated consistent evidence of both smoking predicting depression and depression predicting smoking in multiple populations; however, more work is needed to develop and test the mechanisms associated with the onset of the co-occurrence of smoking and depression. This thesis examines the role of a broad range of potential confounders on the relationship between smoking and depression, and investigates a potential mechanism of effect. Method: Analyses were conducted using the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) cohort which included 1293 students initially aged 12-13 years recruited from all grade seven classes in a convenience sample of ten secondary schools in Montreal, Canada surveyed twenty times over five years. Multiple regressions were performed to examine the temporal relationship of potential confounders on the relationship between smoking and depression and to empirically observe variables that could be intermediate on pathways between smoking and depression. A growth curve model was developed to test the effect of perceived self medication on changes in depression scores over time. Results: A concept map of the smoking and depression relationship in the NDIT cohort was developed according to the results of proportional hazard and fixed effect regressions in which friend smoking, stress, and anxiety-associated variables were identified as intermediate variables. Perceived self-medication was associated with decelerated rates of change of depressive symptoms over times, suggesting that smoking may increase mean levels of stress and depressive symptoms, but may offer the perception of control. Conclusion: In concert, this thesis suggests a model in which stress and the perceived control of psychobiological funct.

Longitudinal Relationship Between Tobacco Product Use and Mental Health in Adolescence and Adulthood

Author : Boram Lee (Researcher on Public Health)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 93 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (781 download)

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Book Synopsis Longitudinal Relationship Between Tobacco Product Use and Mental Health in Adolescence and Adulthood by : Boram Lee (Researcher on Public Health)

Download or read book Longitudinal Relationship Between Tobacco Product Use and Mental Health in Adolescence and Adulthood written by Boram Lee (Researcher on Public Health) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This current dissertation consists of two sub-studies that aimed to expand our limited understanding about directionality and mechanisms in the longitudinal association between tobacco use and mental health, using secondary data of a nationally representative sample of adolescents and adults in the United States.Sub-Study 1 aimed 1) to elucidate the temporal order of the longitudinal relationship between different types of tobacco use (i.e., conventional combustible cigarette only use, e-cigarette only use, and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes) and mental health problems, and 2) to examine if the bidirectional relationship differed by the stage of lifespan (i.e., adolescence and adulthood), using Wave 1 to Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health. The results from cross-lagged panel models revealed common patterns in the longitudinal relationship between tobacco use and mental health problems: mental health problems increased the risk of subsequent tobacco use where such tobacco use tended to persist over time, which, in turn, further increased the risk of mental health problem. These patterns were consistently observed in both e-cigarette use and conventional cigarette use regardless of age groups. Dual use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes was predictive of subsequent mental health problems among youths but not among adults. The findings of sub-study 1 affirm that those with mental health problems are a high-risk subpopulation for tobacco use across age groups, and that adult dual users have different characteristics compared to youth dual users. Additionally, the findings underscore the need for interventions to raise awareness of negative consequences of tobacco use on mental health.Sub-Study 2 aimed to investigate how the trajectories of smoking behaviors in developmentally important periods (i.e., adolescence and young adulthood) were associated with subsequent mental health, and to test if alcohol and marijuana use in adulthood might mediate the relationship between smoking trajectories and subsequent mental health. Data were drawn from Round 1 to Round 18 of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling identified seven distinct smoking trajectories based on longitudinal change in multiple indicators of smoking behaviors over 10 years from adolescence to young adulthood. The results from the linear regression model indicated that late-onset moderate smokers, late-onset accelerated smokers, early-onset heavy smokers, and early-onset moderate smokers showed significantly poorer mental health in later adulthood than stable abstainers, even after controlling for baseline mental health condition and covariates. However, the mental health score of quitters in adulthood was not significantly different from that of stable abstainers. Moreover, the results from the joint significance test and causal mediation analysis demonstrated that the use of alcohol and marijuana in adulthood mediated the association between each smoking trajectory and poor mental health. The findings of sub-study 2 suggest that continued smoking, especially early-onset and heavy smoking, from adolescence to young adulthood may have a long-lasting negative impact on mental health, and quitting may mitigate such impact.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Associations and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Smoking Among Adolescents in United States

Author : Bonnie Choi Mo
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549326748
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Associations and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Smoking Among Adolescents in United States by : Bonnie Choi Mo

Download or read book Associations and Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Smoking Among Adolescents in United States written by Bonnie Choi Mo and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies done on the association of smoking and depression found inconclusive results in the direction of the association. The present study utilized public data from the Add Health to examine the associations between depressive symptoms and smoking concurrently and prospectively in adolescents, predictors of current smoking, and associations between concurrent depressive levels and smoking cessation status. The results indicate depressive symptoms promote concurrent and prospective smoking behavior. Higher levels of depressive symptoms at Wave I was characteristic of participants who smoked in the past and smoked regular. Higher depressive symptoms in Wave II were indicative of smoking initiation and regular smoking in Wave II. Also, depressive symptoms and age predicted current smoking status. Results did not find significant differences in depressive symptoms and smoking cessation.

The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General

Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781082814914
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General by : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Download or read book E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.

Handbook of Depression in Adolescents

Author : Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113667585X
Total Pages : 835 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Depression in Adolescents by : Susan Nolen-Hoeksema

Download or read book Handbook of Depression in Adolescents written by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-11-18 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depressive disorders are among the most common types of psychopathology in the United States. Adolescent-onset depressive disorders represent particularly insidious conditions because of their strong association with chronic and recurrent emotional problems in adulthood. This handbook offers authoritative reviews of research on the nature, ca

Defining Prevention Science

Author : Zili Sloboda
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489974245
Total Pages : 629 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Defining Prevention Science by : Zili Sloboda

Download or read book Defining Prevention Science written by Zili Sloboda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whoever coined the adage "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" could not have known how important this adage would become. The challenge of altering the health trajectories of poor lifestyle decisions for such behaviors as smoking, drinking and using illicit drugs, violence, dropping out of school, engagement in risky sexual behaviors and crime through prevention research has led to a new discipline, prevention science. Defining Prevention Science covers this emerging field of science: its goals, its conceptual and theoretical foundations, its methods and especially its utility. Not content to simply differentiate the field from its close allies: epidemiology, psychology, neuroscience, sociology, economics, the text explains how these many disciplines enhance each other at both research and intervention levels and how prevention science draws on these biological, behavioral and social sciences to create an innovative knowledge base that has provided cost-effective, evidence-based prevention interventions and policies. To this end, familiar developmental benchmarks are recast in prevention/health promotion context, from the crucial importance of adolescence in encountering and deterring high-risk behaviors to the risks and resiliencies of single-mother families. An international group of contributors offers current findings, up-to-date methods for effective evidence-based interventions and improvements in research technologies in these key areas: Physical, cognitive and emotional vulnerability across the life course. The roles of developmental influences in prevention. Intervention development, delivery and implementation. Bringing the intervention approach to research design. New directions in analytic methods. Cost analysis and policy implications. Advances in Prevention Science: Defining Prevention Science aims to inspire further refinements in the field and encourage communication among researchers in its own and related disciplines, including public health, epidemiology, psychology, and criminology. This is the first volume in the series, Advances in Prevention Science, that provides the framework for other volume that will focus on such issues as: Prevention Science in School Settings: Complex Relationships and Processes; Preventing Crime and Violence and The Prevention of Substance Use.

Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030948202X
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) development is a critical foundation for a productive adulthood. Much is known about strategies to support families and communities in strengthening the MEB development of children and youth, by promoting healthy development and also by preventing and mitigating disorder, so that young people reach adulthood ready to thrive and contribute to society. Over the last decade, a growing body of research has significantly strengthened understanding of healthy MEB development and the factors that influence it, as well as how it can be fostered. Yet, the United States has not taken full advantage of this growing knowledge base. Ten years later, the nation still is not effectively mitigating risks for poor MEB health outcomes; these risks remain prevalent, and available data show no significant reductions in their prevalence. Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth: A National Agenda examines the gap between current research and achievable national goals for the next ten years. This report identifies the complexities of childhood influences and highlights the need for a tailored approach when implementing new policies and practices. This report provides a framework for a cohesive, multidisciplinary national approach to improving MEB health.

Families Caring for an Aging America

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309448093
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Families Caring for an Aging America by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Families Caring for an Aging America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adults' access to and receipt of health care and community-based social services. Yet the need to recognize and support caregivers is among the least appreciated challenges facing the aging U.S. population. Families Caring for an Aging America examines the prevalence and nature of family caregiving of older adults and the available evidence on the effectiveness of programs, supports, and other interventions designed to support family caregivers. This report also assesses and recommends policies to address the needs of family caregivers and to minimize the barriers that they encounter in trying to meet the needs of older adults.

From Child to Adult

Author : Phil A. Silva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis From Child to Adult by : Phil A. Silva

Download or read book From Child to Adult written by Phil A. Silva and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (DMHDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of 1037 babies born in Dunedin between 1 April 1972 and 31 March 1973. The study has generated more than 500 specialist papers in scientific journals, unpublished research reports, theses, etc. This book presents the major findings in a form accessible to the non-specialist.

Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166608
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309146844
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-21 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.

Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309496772
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-03-21 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a critical growth period in which youth develop essential skills that prepare them for adulthood. Prevention and intervention programs are designed to meet the needs of adolescents who require additional support and promote healthy behaviors and outcomes. To ensure the success of these efforts, it is essential that they include reliably identifiable techniques, strategies, or practices that have been proven effective. Promoting Positive Adolescent Health Behaviors and Outcomes: Thriving in the 21st Century identifies key program factors that can improve health outcomes related to adolescent behavior and provides evidence-based recommendations toward effective implementation of federal programming initiatives. This study explores normative adolescent development, the current landscape of adolescent risk behavior, core components of effective programs focused on optimal health, and recommendations for research, programs, and policies.

Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents

Author : William M. Reynolds
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489915109
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents by : William M. Reynolds

Download or read book Handbook of Depression in Children and Adolescents written by William M. Reynolds and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone who has ever been close to a seriously depressed child has undoubtedly been affected by the youngster's vulnerability, misery, and pain. Indeed, it is much like caring for a child who is in physical pain. For the child in the depths of depression, no activity is fun, nothing can be enjoyed, and no one can provide enough consolation or comfort. At times, the youngster may cry or whimper. There may be fits of defiance or rage and sometimes withdrawal into a numb, sullen silence. A child in this state tries the patience of parents and siblings. Remedies of every sort are tried, including gifts, punishments, bribes, lectures, pleading, and a host of others. Such efforts occasionally provide temporary relief, but more often they seem to make matters worse. Commonly, there is an emotional wall of anger and frustration between a depressed child and other fumily members that may inevitably lead to further isolation and withdrawal. If too much time passes without their being helped, many depressed children and adolescents come to believe that suicide offers the only real relief for their pain. Currently, there is a Depression Awareness Week that includes free screening at participating health and mental health settings around the United States and is designed to identify depression in adults, suggesting that society's awareness of depression and psychiatric disorders is focused to a large extent on adults.

Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Sexual and reproductive health

Author : Majid Ezzati
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241580313
Total Pages : 2282 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Sexual and reproductive health by : Majid Ezzati

Download or read book Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Sexual and reproductive health written by Majid Ezzati and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 2282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive assessment of the scientific evidence on prevalence and the resulting health effects of a range of exposures that are know to be hazardous to human health, including childhood and maternal undernutrition, nutritional and physiological risk factors for adult health, addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health risks, and risks in the physical environments of households and communities, as well as among workers. This book is the culmination of over four years of scientific equiry and data collection, know as the comparative risk assessment (CRA) project.

Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes

Author : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 1587634333
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes by : Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ

Download or read book Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes written by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.