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A Local Bicycle Helmet Law In A Swedish Municipality The Effects On Helmet Use
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Book Synopsis A Local Bicycle Helmet 'law' in a Swedish Municipality: the Effects on Helmet Use by : Sixten Nolén
Download or read book A Local Bicycle Helmet 'law' in a Swedish Municipality: the Effects on Helmet Use written by Sixten Nolén and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Increased bicycle helmet use in Sweden: needs and possibilities by : Sixten Nolén
Download or read book Increased bicycle helmet use in Sweden: needs and possibilities written by Sixten Nolén and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-21 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: From the perspective of what is called "vision zero" in Sweden, fatalities and injuries among bicyclists are unacceptable. Despite that, bicyclists constitutes approximately one third of all road user inpatients in Swedish hospitals, which is about the same proportion seen for drivers and passengers of motor vehicles. There are too many bicycle-related head injuries, but the risk of such traumas could be reduced considerably by the use of helmets. Bicycle helmet wearing can be increased by voluntary means, for instance by long-term community-based helmet promotion programs. However, the best effect has been achieved by combining promotion with a compulsory helmet law for all bicyclists, as has been done in Australia, New Zealand, and North America Aim: The general aim of the research underlying this dissertation was to provide further information about the need for increased bicycle helmet use in Sweden, and to determine what measures can lead to more widespread helmet wearing. The four papers included addressed two main questions: (1) What is the need for increased helmet wearing among different categories of bicyclists in Sweden? (2) Is a non-compulsory local bicycle helmet law a realistic alternative to a mandatory helmet law for all bicyclists? Materials and methods: Observational studies of helmet use by bicyclists in Sweden were conducted once a year (average n = 37,031/year) during the period 1988-2002 (paper I). The general trend in observed helmet wearing in different categories of bicyclists was analyzed by linear regression, and the results were used to predict future trends in helmet wearing. Three studies (papers II-IV) were also performed to evaluate a non-compulsory local bicycle helmet "law" in Motala municipality during the study period 1995 to 1998 (papers II-IV). This law was introduced in 1996 and applies specifically to school children (ages 6-12 years), although the intention is to increase helmet use among all bicyclists. Adoption of the law was accompanied by helmet promotion activities. In one of the studies in the evaluation, written material and in-depth interviews (n=8) were analyzed qualitatively to describe the process and structure of development of the Motala helmet law. The other two studies used a quasi-experimental design to assess the impact of the helmet law: one comprised annual observations of helmet wearing among bicyclists in Motala (average n=2,458/year) and control areas (average n=17,818/year); and the other included questionnaire data on attitudes, beliefs, and self-reported behavior of school children in Motala (n=1,277) and control areas (n=2,198). The average response rate was 72.8%. Results and discussion: There was a significant upward trend in helmet use in all categories of bicyclists from 1988 to 2002. Helmet wearing increased from 20% to 35% among children(? 10 years) riding bikes in their leisure time, from 5% to 33% among school children, and from 2% to 14% in adults. Total average helmet use rose from 4% to 17%. However, during the last five years of the study period (1998-2002), there was no upward trend in helmet wearing for any of the categories of bicyclists. If the historic trend in helmet use continues, the average wearing rate will be about 30% by the year 2010. The Motala helmet law was dogged by several problems, mainly during the initiation phase, and some of them led to poor rooting of the law in the schools and indistinct roles and responsibilities of the municipal actors. Despite that, the law initially led to a significant increase in helmet wearing among the primary target group (school children), from a pre-law level of 65% to about 76% six months post-law, whereas thereafter the wearing rate gradually decreased and was at the pre-law level 2 ½ years after the law was adopted. Nonetheless, a weak but significant effect on adult bicyclists remained: the pre-law level of about 2% rose to about 8% at the end of the study period. Only about 10% of bicyclists on bike paths in Motala wore helmets 2 ½ years post-law. The questionnaire study showed one significant effect on school children in Motala two years post-law, namely, a stronger intention to ride bicycles if a national compulsory helmet law was introduced. There was, however, no significant long-term influence on children's attitudes or beliefs about helmet wearing, which agrees with the results of the observational study. General conclusions: It is indeed necessary to increase bicycle helmet wearing in Sweden. Both the current average rate of helmet use and the rate predicted for the near future are far from the goal of 80% that was officially proposed by several years ago. Previous research has shown that, to achieve substantial and sustained bicycle helmet use, it is necessary to use helmet promotion in combination with a national helmet law that is compulsory and applies to all bicyclists. The present evaluation of the non-compulsory local helmet law in Motala indicated that this type of initiative is not a powerful alternative to a mandatory national helmet law. Nevertheless, much has been learned from the initiation and implementation of this local action.
Book Synopsis A Comparison of the Effect of Different Bicycle Helmet Laws in 3 New York City Suburbs by : Douglas R. Puder
Download or read book A Comparison of the Effect of Different Bicycle Helmet Laws in 3 New York City Suburbs written by Douglas R. Puder and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Promotion International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury by : Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
Download or read book Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury written by Cristina Morganti-Kossmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most up-to-date clinical and experimental research in neurotrauma in an illustrated, accessible, comprehensive volume.
Book Synopsis Can a Combination of Local, Regional and National Information Substantially Increase Bicycle-helmet Wearing and Reduce Injuries? by : Robert Eckman
Download or read book Can a Combination of Local, Regional and National Information Substantially Increase Bicycle-helmet Wearing and Reduce Injuries? written by Robert Eckman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of a State Law on Reported Bicycle Helmet Ownership and Use by : Richard A. Schieber
Download or read book Effect of a State Law on Reported Bicycle Helmet Ownership and Use written by Richard A. Schieber and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intended and unintended effects of youth bicycle helmet laws by : Christopher Carpenter
Download or read book Intended and unintended effects of youth bicycle helmet laws written by Christopher Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 20 states have adopted laws requiring youths to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle. We confirm previous research indicating that these laws reduced fatalities and increased helmet use, but we also show that the laws significantly reduced youth bicycling. We find this result in standard two-way fixed effects models of parental reports of youth bicycling, as well as in triple difference models of self-reported bicycling among high school youths that explicitly account for bicycling by youths just above the helmet law age threshold. Our results highlight important intended and unintended consequences of a well-intentioned public policy.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Bicycle Helmet Legislation on Bicycling Fatalities by : D. Grant
Download or read book The Effect of Bicycle Helmet Legislation on Bicycling Fatalities written by D. Grant and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of states passed legislation in the 1990s requiring youths to wear helmets when riding bicycles. The effect of this legislation on bicycling fatalities is examined by subjecting data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System to a panel analysis, using a control-group methodology. A helmet law reduces fatalities by about 15 percent in the long run, less in the short run. There is no evidence of spillover effects (to adults) or substitution effects (youths choosing other methods of transportation) associated with implementation of a helmet law. Through 2000, existing helmet laws have saved 130 lives. If all states had adopted helmet laws in 1975, more than 1500 lives would have been saved.
Book Synopsis Bicycle Helmet Use Among Maryland Children: Effect of Legislation and Education by : T. R. Cote
Download or read book Bicycle Helmet Use Among Maryland Children: Effect of Legislation and Education written by T. R. Cote and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Bicycle Helmet Legislation by :
Download or read book The Impact of Bicycle Helmet Legislation written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Education and Legislation on Bicycle Helmet Use in a Multiracial Population by : Joseph J. Abularrage
Download or read book Effect of Education and Legislation on Bicycle Helmet Use in a Multiracial Population written by Joseph J. Abularrage and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Initial Effects of Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Wearing Legislation July 1990 by : Glenn Sullivan
Download or read book Initial Effects of Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Wearing Legislation July 1990 written by Glenn Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Encyclopedia of Transportation by :
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Transportation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 4418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications
Download or read book Research Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Copenhagenize by : Mikael Colville-Andersen
Download or read book Copenhagenize written by Mikael Colville-Andersen and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban designer Mikael Colville-Andersen draws from his experience working for dozens of cities around the world on bicycle planning, strategy, infrastructure design, and communication. In Copenhagenize he shows cities how to effectively and profitably re-establish the bicycle as a respected, accepted, and feasible form of transportation. Building on his popular blog of the same name, Copenhagenize offers entertaining stories, vivid project descriptions, and best practices, alongside beautiful and informative visuals to show how to make the bicycle an easy, preferred part of everyday urban life.