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A Lagrangian Transport Core For The Simulation Of Stratospheric Trace Species In A Chemistry Climate Model
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Book Synopsis A Lagrangian transport core for the simulation of stratospheric trace species in a Chemistry Climate Model by : Charlotte Marinke Hoppe
Download or read book A Lagrangian transport core for the simulation of stratospheric trace species in a Chemistry Climate Model written by Charlotte Marinke Hoppe and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2014 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Laser Induced Ablation Spectroscopy (LIAS) as a method for quantitative in situ surface diagnostic in plasma environments by : Niels Gierse
Download or read book Assessment of Laser Induced Ablation Spectroscopy (LIAS) as a method for quantitative in situ surface diagnostic in plasma environments written by Niels Gierse and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2014 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Modeling Study of the Influence of Large Scale Wave Transport on Stratospheric Trace Gases by : Wanli Wu
Download or read book A Modeling Study of the Influence of Large Scale Wave Transport on Stratospheric Trace Gases written by Wanli Wu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Lagrangian View of Stratospheric Trace Gas Distributions by : M. R. Schoeberl
Download or read book A Lagrangian View of Stratospheric Trace Gas Distributions written by M. R. Schoeberl and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of photochemistry, some relationship between the stratospheric age-of-air and the amount of tracer contained within an air sample is expected. The existence of such a relationship allows inferences about transport history to be made from observations of chemical tracers. This paper lays down the conceptual foundations for the relationship between age and tracer amount, developed within a Lagrangian framework. In general, the photochemical loss depends not only on the age of the parcel but also on its path. We show that under the "average path approximation" that the path variations are less important than parcel age. The average path approximation then allows us to develop a formal relationship between the age spectrum and the tracer spectrum. Using the relation between the tracer and age spectra, tracer-tracer correlations can be interpreted as resulting from mixing which connects parts of the single path photochemistry curve, which is formed purely from the action of photochemistry on an irreducible parcel. This geometric interpretation of mixing gives rise to constraints on trace gas correlations, and explains why some observations are do not fall on rapid mixing curves. This effect is seen in the ATMOS observations.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722004569 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (45 download)
Book Synopsis A Lagrangian View of Stratospheric Trace Gas Distributions by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book A Lagrangian View of Stratospheric Trace Gas Distributions written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of photochemistry, some relationship between the stratospheric age-of-air and the amount of tracer contained within an air sample is expected. The existence of such a relationship allows inferences about transport history to be made from observations of chemical tracers. This paper lays down the conceptual foundations for the relationship between age and tracer amount, developed within a Lagrangian framework. In general, the photochemical loss depends not only on the age of the parcel but also on its path. We show that under the "average path approximation" that the path variations are less important than parcel age. The average path approximation then allows us to develop a formal relationship between the age spectrum and the tracer spectrum. Using the relation between the tracer and age spectra, tracer-tracer correlations can be interpreted as resulting from mixing which connects parts of the single path photochemistry curve, which is formed purely from the action of photochemistry on an irreducible parcel. This geometric interpretation of mixing gives rise to constraints on trace gas correlations, and explains why some observations are do not fall on rapid mixing curves. This effect is seen in the ATMOS observations. Schoeberl, M. R. and Sparling, L. and Dessler, A. and Jackman, C. H. and Fleming, E. L. Goddard Space Flight Center ...
Book Synopsis Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere by : John Lin
Download or read book Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere written by John Lin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 200. Trajectory-based (“Lagrangian”) atmospheric transport and dispersion modeling has gained in popularity and sophistication over the previous several decades. It is common practice now for researchers around the world to apply Lagrangian models to a wide spectrum of issues. Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere is a comprehensive volume that includes sections on Lagrangian modeling theory, model applications, and tests against observations. Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series. Comprehensive coverage of trajectory-based atmospheric dispersion modeling Important overview of a widely used modeling tool Sections look at modeling theory, application of models, and tests against observations
Book Synopsis Chemical and Dynamical Characteristics of Stratosphere-troposphere Exchange by : Cameron Homeyer
Download or read book Chemical and Dynamical Characteristics of Stratosphere-troposphere Exchange written by Cameron Homeyer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes are responsible for controlling the distribution of chemically and radiatively important trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Extensive characterization of exchange processes is critical to the development of our understanding and prediction of the climate system. This study examines the occurrence and dynamical and chemical characteristics related to two primary stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes: Rossby wavebreaking and moist convection. Intrusions of air from the tropical upper troposphere into the extratropical stratosphere above the subtropical jet via Rossby wavebreaking potentially have a significant impact on the composition of the lowermost stratosphere (the stratospheric part of the "middleworld"). We first present an analysis of tropospheric intrusion events observed in aircraft observations using kinematic and chemical diagnostics. The transport processes operating during each event are discussed using high-resolution model analyses and backward trajectory calculations. In situ chemical observations of the tropospheric intrusions are used to estimate the mixing timescales of the observed intrusions through use of a simple box model and trace species with different photo-chemical lifetimes. We estimate that the timescale for an intrusion to mix with the background stratospheric air is 5 to 6 days. Detailed analysis of small-scale features with tropospheric characteristics observed in the stratosphere suggests frequent irreversible transport associated with tropospheric intrusions. We also present a 30-year climatology (1981-2010) of anticyclonically and cyclonically sheared Rossby wave-breaking events along the boundary of the tropics in the 350-500 K potential temperature range from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalyses. Lagrangian transport analyses show poleward transport at altitudes below and above the 370-390 K layer. Poleward transport at lower levels is in disagreement with previous studies and is shown to be largely dependent on the choice of tropical boundary. In addition, transport analyses reveal three modes of transport for anticyclonic wavebreaking events near the tropical tropopause (380 K): poleward, equatorward, and bidirectional. These transport modes are associated with distinct characteristics in the geometry of the mean flow. Stratospheric intrusions (tropopause folds) are known to be major contributors to stratosphere-troposphere exchange. The specific mixing processes that lead to irreversible exchange between stratospheric intrusions and the surrounding troposphere, however, are not entirely understood. This study presents direct observations of moist convection penetrating into stratospheric intrusions. The characteristics of convective injection are shown by using in situ aircraft measurements, radar reflectivities, and model analyses. Convective injection is observed at altitudes up to 5 km above the bottom of a stratospheric intrusion. Aircraft measurements show that convective injection in stratospheric intrusions can be uniquely identified by coincident observations of water vapor greater than about 100 ppmv and ozone greater than about 125 ppbv. Trajectory analyses show that convective injection can impact transport in both directions: from troposphere to stratosphere and from stratosphere to troposphere. We present a conceptual model of the synoptic meteorological conditions conducive to convective injection in stratospheric intrusions. In particular, convective injection is found to be associated with a "split front" where the upper-level frontal boundary outruns the surface cold front.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Stratosphere written by L. M. Polvani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
Book Synopsis Chemistry and transport in a three-dimensional stratospheric model by : J.A. KAYE
Download or read book Chemistry and transport in a three-dimensional stratospheric model written by J.A. KAYE and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CRREL Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Transport in the Western Pacific Region by Measurements and Model Simulations by : Xiaoyu Sun
Download or read book The Atmospheric Transport in the Western Pacific Region by Measurements and Model Simulations written by Xiaoyu Sun and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major pathway for air entering the stratosphere is over the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) region, and this key region influences the atmospheric composition in the stratosphere. Motivated by this, we used trace gas measurements by using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer and cirrus cloud measurements by using a ground-based COMpact Cloud Aerosol Lidar, COMCAL from the atmospheric observatory at Koror, Palau (7.34°N, 134.47°E}, in the heart of the Pacific warm pool) and combined model simulations to study the transport pathways, with a special focus on the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) processes over this key region. The atmospheric transport dynamics in the TWP region are closely linked to the movements of the circulation system, particularly the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) associated with the up-welling branch of the Hadley cell. Given the limitations of traditional ITCZ indicators, such as the maximum tropical rain belt to determine the air mass origins, I have developed a tool termed the Chemical Equator (CE), modified from Hamilton et al., (2008) to study the Inter-hemispheric Transport (IHT). The CE is calculated by the model simulation of an artificial passive tracer by GEOS-Chem to discern the migration patterns of circulation systems and air mass origins. Subsequently, the CE was used to characterize tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) column measurements using the FTIR Spectrometer and the ozone sondes, respectively. The observed low CO and O3 during summer and early autumn, contrasting with maxima in winter and early spring, were outlined by the seasonal meridian movement of the CE. Additionally, comparisons were made between CE and commonly used IHT indicators, such as satellite measurements of methane (CH4) and CO, and model simulations of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Particularly, the position of CE demonstrated agreement with the meridional gradient boundary of those trace gases. Consequently, the impact of IHT on the seasonal variation of the trace gases in the tropospheric TWP region suggests that CE holds the potential to differentiate diverse air mass origins influenced by large-scale atmospheric circulation. Upper-air observations targeting the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) were performed to detect cirrus cloud layers using Lidar, COMCAL. The annual cycle shows that cloud layer height peaks with the highest Cold Point Tropopause (CPT) in winter and reaches its minimum with the lowest CPT in summer. In comparison with similar cirrus cloud measurements obtained in other tropical sites, our measurements reveal that cirrus clouds detected over TWP are the coldest and highest. The prevalence of the coldest cirrus cloud layer detected over Palau corresponds to the cold trap, a region of exceptionally cold air, in UTLS over the TWP region. In order to build the relationship between STE in the UTLS region and measurements, we conducted trajectory analysis by Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model simulations based on cirrus cloud layer measurements. Our observation results reveal that only in winter with high supersaturation at the measured cirrus clouds, the air masses are further dehydrated and slowly ascend into the stratosphere. Conclusively, we present an atmospheric transport scheme over the TWP region based on horizontal IHT and vertical STE processes and provide observational and model simulation support for it. In the lower heights, from the surface to the free troposphere, the transport and air mass origins are characterized by the meridian movement of the CE. In the UTLS region, measurements of cloud layers and trajectories validate the pathways of STE. During summer, pristine air from the Pacific Ocean reaches Palau, with oceanic short-lived species injected into the stratosphere through rare and the highest overshooting tops. Conversely, Southeast Asia dominates air mass origins over the TWP region in winter, transporting a high level of anthropogenic species, such as O3 and CO, into the stratosphere via the pathway within the cold trap. This winter-specific cold trap pathway, seasonally persisting over Palau, plays a crucial role in altering the stratospheric atmosphere through the transport of troposphere-originate air masses.
Book Synopsis Spring Meeting by : American Geophysical Union. Meeting
Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change by : Rolf Müller (physicien.)
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change written by Rolf Müller (physicien.) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, several new concepts have emerged in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion, creating a need for a concise in-depth publication covering the ozone-climate issue. This monograph fills that void in the literature and gives detailed treatment of recent advances in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion. It puts particular emphasis on the coupling between changes in the ozone layer and atmospheric change caused by a changing climate. The book, written by leading experts in the field, brings the reader the most recent research in this area and fills the gap between advanced textbooks and assessments.
Book Synopsis Dynamical Mechanisms Producing Large-scale Transport of Atmospheric Trace Substances by : J. D. Mahlman
Download or read book Dynamical Mechanisms Producing Large-scale Transport of Atmospheric Trace Substances written by J. D. Mahlman and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: On the maintenance of the polar front jet stream; A numerical simulation of the advective and diffusive transfer of trace substances in the stratosphere; Numerical calculations of stratospheric ozone transport; and An overview of various research efforts and techniques employed for investigation of trace substance transport in the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Constraining Sources of Atmospheric Trace Constituents with Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Modeling by : Joshua Benmergui
Download or read book Constraining Sources of Atmospheric Trace Constituents with Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Modeling written by Joshua Benmergui and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manuscript based thesis examines and advances methods for constraining sources of atmospheric trace constituents with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The method of Bayesian inversion is demonstrated, and a new method is introduced to a class of similar problems where established methods are not applicable. First, A new regression based methodology was developed and applied to observations of atmospheric methanesulfonic acid mass concentrations at Alert, Nunavut. The methodology was used to compare the importance of phytoplankton blooms vs. the ice-free ocean as sources of the dimethylsulfide precursor, and to compare the importance of bromine monoxide vs. hydroxyl as agents oxidizing dimethylsul de to methanesulfonic acid. These issues are relevant to the application of methanesulfonic acid concentrations in ice cores to determine historic sea ice properties. The analysis indicated that source regions to Alert during the spring are primarily ice-free ocean with a significant contribution from ice edge blooms, and during the summer to be dominated by the ice-free ocean. The model also indicated that oxidation of DMS by BrO was the dominant source of MSA in the spring, while DMS oxidation by OH was the dominant source in the summer. Secondly, Bayesian inversion was applied to observations of atmospheric elemental carbon mass concentrations at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. The analysis provided evidence that current bottom-up elemental carbon emissions estimates in northern China are likely underpredicted. Global chemical transport models show ubiquitous underestimates of the atmospheric burden of elemental carbon, especially near large sources of emissions. Northern China is among the regions with the most intensive elemental carbon emissions in the world, and an underestimate of emissions in this region may be partially responsible for the global chemical transport model underestimates.
Book Synopsis A Study of the Effects of Diabatic Heating and Photochemistry on the Transport of Stratospheric Trace Species by Planetary Waves and Mean Motions by : Stephen Joseph Scotti
Download or read book A Study of the Effects of Diabatic Heating and Photochemistry on the Transport of Stratospheric Trace Species by Planetary Waves and Mean Motions written by Stephen Joseph Scotti and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
