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A General Simulation Model For Use With Real Freeway Data To Perform Congestion Prediction
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Book Synopsis A General Simulation Model for Use with Real Freeway Data to Perform Congestion Prediction by : Daniel J. Dailey
Download or read book A General Simulation Model for Use with Real Freeway Data to Perform Congestion Prediction written by Daniel J. Dailey and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automata Model for Congestion Prediction by : Daniel J. Dailey
Download or read book Automata Model for Congestion Prediction written by Daniel J. Dailey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proactive Integrated Control for Relieving Freeway Congestion by : Xu Wang
Download or read book Proactive Integrated Control for Relieving Freeway Congestion written by Xu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Active bottlenecks limit traffic flow on freeway corridors. To relieve bottleneck severity, ramp metering (RM), variable speed limit (VSL) and their integration are often implemented to control the on-ramp and mainline input flow. Currently, freeway operation has become proactive based on short-term prediction. Macroscopic traffic flow models are often applied as prediction models in proactive traffic control strategies. Prior to field implementation, the models need to be calibrated and validated carefully to ensure that they represent real-life traffic situations. This study proposes modifications for METANET model to adapt it to the unpredictability of bottleneck activation during peak hours. The modified model is calibrated and verified its improvement of model prediction accuracy from segment-specific parameters. The modified model is validated that it can replicate traffic state evolutions during peak hours and be applicable in proactive traffic control practice. Weaving maneuvers (i.e., intensive lane changes) are a major cause of bottlenecks during high-demand periods. To consider weaving impacts in RM, this study introduces a proactive optimal RM algorithm that uses dynamic weaving capacity at weaving segments. Sensitivities of capacity and capacity drop are applied to dynamically estimate weaving capacity within a macroscopic traffic flow model. The proposed traffic flow model conducts estimation in a model predictive control (MPC) frame-work. The proposed RM algorithm is evaluated in macro-simulation and its effectiveness is enhanced by real-time estimated weaving capacity. The RM control research reveals a need of theoretical methods for weaving capacity estimation. This study then defines a linear optimization problem to solve weaving capacity and then establishes a lane-changing model to constrain the weaving flows. The proposed method is evaluated and analyzed for sensitivity with field data from two weaving segments. The capacity estimates from the proposed model are consistent with those from the HCM 2010 model and with field observations. Moreover, the weaving capacity is sensitive to weaving maneuvers. The proposed method is finally applied to estimate the real-time maximum discharge flow rate; the estimates match field measurements. Next, this study presents a proactive integrated control of RM and VSL, with goals to improve network-wide travel time and traffic flow. By decoupling the traffic prediction and simulation models, the possible control error sources are analyzed. The evaluation reveals the proactive integrated control achieves an amelioration in total time spent (TTS) up to 13.65% and an increase in total travel distance (TTD) up to 3.41%. The isolated and integrated controls benefit the traffic network in different extent under different demand scenarios. In addition, control rate profiles are analyzed in detail and found that RM is activated during slight congestion and the most congested situation to assist VSL. Through the integration, the infrastructure utility is maximized. Speed transition zones are complex when dynamically created and shifted by VSL. This study then attempts to represent speed limit effect and estimate real-time driver compliance at speed transition zones. The field data from two speed transition zones are investigated for temporal and spatial variations of speed and driver compliance using statistical tests. After selecting several key factors from statistical tests, a linear regression is established to rank the contributions of the selected factors and other general factors proposed by previous research. The regression results confirm speed limit value, surrounding traffic speed and existence of activated speed enforcement or education devices contribute more to driver compliance. Finally, this study reports the preliminary VSL test and details its implementation procedure on Whitemud Drive, Edmonton, Canada. DynaTAM-VSL software is designed to realize all necessary functions for VSL filed implementation. The preliminary test is conducted, and the VSL control performance and reliability are evaluated. The results for before-and-after VSL control are finally analyzed in depth. The analysis compares average traffic speed, standard deviation of speed, total travel time and total travel distance. The results from this study confirm that VSL can relieve recurrent traffic congestion.
Book Synopsis Freeway Congestion Prediction by : Nancy L. Nihan
Download or read book Freeway Congestion Prediction written by Nancy L. Nihan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Cellular Automata Model for Use with Real Freeway Data for Traffic Prediction by : Daniel J. Dailey
Download or read book A Cellular Automata Model for Use with Real Freeway Data for Traffic Prediction written by Daniel J. Dailey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A general traffic flow simulation model for freeway operation by :
Download or read book A general traffic flow simulation model for freeway operation written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A General Traffic Flow Simulation Model for Freeway Operation by : Stuart D. Leland
Download or read book A General Traffic Flow Simulation Model for Freeway Operation written by Stuart D. Leland and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improved Dynamics and Performance for FRECON Freeway Simulation Model by : Philip S. Babcock
Download or read book Improved Dynamics and Performance for FRECON Freeway Simulation Model written by Philip S. Babcock and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Short Term Freeway Traffic Flow Prediction Using Genetically-optimized Time-delay-based Neural Networks by : Baher Abdulhai
Download or read book Short Term Freeway Traffic Flow Prediction Using Genetically-optimized Time-delay-based Neural Networks written by Baher Abdulhai and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Traffic Flow Dynamics by : Martin Treiber
Download or read book Traffic Flow Dynamics written by Martin Treiber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.
Book Synopsis Freeway Traffic Data Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks and Development of a Fuzzy Logic Ramp Metering Algorithm by : Deirdre R. Meldrum
Download or read book Freeway Traffic Data Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks and Development of a Fuzzy Logic Ramp Metering Algorithm written by Deirdre R. Meldrum and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Short-Term Travel Time Prediction on Freeways by : WENFU. WANG
Download or read book Short-Term Travel Time Prediction on Freeways written by WENFU. WANG and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Short-term travel time prediction supports the implementation of proactive traffic management and control strategies to alleviate if not prevent congestion and enable rational route choices and traffic mode selections to enhance travel mobility and safety. Over the last decade, Bluetooth technology has been increasingly used in collecting travel time data due to the technology's advantages over conventional detection techniques in terms of direct travel time measurement, anonymous detection, and cost-effectiveness. However, similar to many other Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) technologies, Bluetooth technology has some limitations in measuring travel time information including 1) Bluetooth technology cannot associate travel time measurements with different traffic streams or facilities, therefore, the facility-specific travel time information is not directly available from Bluetooth measurements; 2) Bluetooth travel time measurements are influenced by measurement lag, because the travel time associated with vehicles that have not reached the downstream Bluetooth detector location cannot be taken at the instant of analysis. Freeway sections may include multiple distinct traffic stream (i.e., facilities) moving in the same direction of travel under a number of scenarios including: (1) a freeway section that contain both a High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) or High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lane and several general purpose lanes (GPL); (2) a freeway section with a nearby parallel service roadway; (3) a freeway section in which there exist physically separated lanes (e.g. express versus collector lanes); or (4) a freeway section in which a fraction of the lanes are used by vehicles to access an off ramp. In this research, two different methods were proposed in estimating facility-specific travel times from Bluetooth measurements. Method 1 applies the Anderson-Darling test in matching the distribution of real-time Bluetooth travel time measurements with reference measurements. Method 2 first clusters the travel time measurements using the K-means algorithm, and then associates the clusters with facilities using traffic flow model. The performances of these two proposed methods have been evaluated against a Benchmark method using simulation data. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to understand the impacts of traffic conditions on the performance of different models. Based on the results, Method 2 is recommended when the physical barriers or law enforcement prevent drivers from freely switching between the underlying facilities; however, when the roadway functions as a self-correcting system allowing vehicles to freely switching between underlying facilities, the Benchmark method, which assumes one facility always operating faster than the other facility, is recommended for application. The Bluetooth travel time measurement lag leads to delayed detection of traffic condition variations and travel time changes, especially during congestion and transition periods or when consecutive Bluetooth detectors are placed far apart. In order to alleviate the travel time measurement lag, this research proposed to use non-lagged Bluetooth measurements (e.g., the number of repetitive detections for each vehicle and the time a vehicle spent in the detection zone) for inferring traffic stream states in the vicinity of the Bluetooth detectors. Two model structures including the analytical model and the statistical model have been proposed to estimate the traffic conditions based on non-lagged Bluetooth measurements. The results showed that the proposed RUSBoost classification tree achieved over 94% overall accuracy in predicting traffic conditions as congested or uncongested. When modeling traffic conditions as three traffic states (i.e., the free-flow state, the transition state, and the congested state) using the RUSBoost classification tree, the overall accuracy was 67.2%; however, the accuracy in predicting the congested traffic state was improved from 84.7% of the two state model to 87.7%. Because traffic state information enables the travel time prediction model to more timely detect the changes in traffic conditions, both the two-state model and the three-state model have been evaluated in developing travel time prediction models in this research. The Random Forest model was the main algorithm adopted in training travel time prediction models using both travel time measurements and inferred traffic states. Using historical Bluetooth data as inputs, the model results proved that the inclusion of traffic states information consistently lead to better travel time prediction results in terms of lower root mean square errors (improved by over 11%), lower 90th percentile absolute relative error ARE (improved by over 12%), and lower standard deviations of ARE (improved by over 15%) compared to other model structures without traffic states as inputs. In addition, the impact of traffic state inclusion on travel time prediction accuracy as a function of Bluetooth detector spacing was also examined using simulation data. The results showed that the segment length of 4~8 km is optimal in terms of the improvement from using traffic state information in travel time prediction models.
Book Synopsis Validation and Evaluation of Freeway Simulation Models by : Michael James Cassidy
Download or read book Validation and Evaluation of Freeway Simulation Models written by Michael James Cassidy and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Communications by : Anand Paul
Download or read book Intelligent Vehicular Networks and Communications written by Anand Paul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Vehicular Network and Communications: Fundamentals, Architectures and Solutions begins with discussions on how the transportation system has transformed into today's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). It explores the design goals, challenges, and frameworks for modeling an ITS network, discussing vehicular network model technologies, mobility management architectures, and routing mechanisms and protocols. It looks at the Internet of Vehicles, the vehicular cloud, and vehicular network security and privacy issues. The book investigates cooperative vehicular systems, a promising solution for addressing current and future traffic safety needs, also exploring cooperative cognitive intelligence, with special attention to spectral efficiency, spectral scarcity, and high mobility. In addition, users will find a thorough examination of experimental work in such areas as Controller Area Network protocol and working function of On Board Unit, as well as working principles of roadside unit and other infrastructural nodes. Finally, the book examines big data in vehicular networks, exploring various business models, application scenarios, and real-time analytics, concluding with a look at autonomous vehicles. - Proposes cooperative, cognitive, intelligent vehicular networks - Examines how intelligent transportation systems make more efficient transportation in urban environments - Outlines next generation vehicular networks technology
Book Synopsis Traffic Flow Modelling to Improve Traffic State Prediction by : Yuechuan Yin
Download or read book Traffic Flow Modelling to Improve Traffic State Prediction written by Yuechuan Yin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research, the relationship between microscopic car-following models and macroscopic models has been explored and it was found that, based on the traditional assumption that traffic density is the reverse of space headway under steady-state homogeneous traffic conditions, most of the existing macroscopic speed-density relations can be derived from microscopic car-following models. The traditional assumption does not hold under non-homogeneous traffic and different macroscopic traffic models can be derived from different headway-density. The research also investigated the compatibility between the macroscopic and microscopic simulation. The microscopic simulation model, VISSIM, was calibrated and validated on an urban freeway. The VISSIM outputs were compared with the predicted traffic speed, density and flow from the second-order macroscopic model, METANET. Three levels of traffic demands and seven different time step lengths in macroscopic simulation were applied to evaluate the compatibility of the two models. It was concluded that, in macroscopic simulation, there exists an optimum time step length. Under moderate to heavy traffic demands, the predicted traffic states from the macroscopic simulation are consistent with the outputs from the microscopic simulation, and under stop-and-go traffic states, a significant difference exists between the two models. In addition, the impact of merging and weaving from freeway ramps on the performance of macroscopic simulation models was experimentally investigated. Several merging and weaving formulations in speed dynamics were evaluated and their contributions to the predicted traffic speed were quantitatively analyzed. Analysis of variances were carried out on the prediction errors from different models and it was concluded that, for the given formulation, the impact of merging and weaving terms on the prediction accuracy was not statistically significant, merging and weaving terms can be omitted in macroscopic simulation models. Finally, several improvements on the macroscopic simulation models were proposed. The improved models were applied to two freeways and compared with outputs from the original model, using both simulation data as well as field measured data from two freeways. It was concluded that the models with the proposed improvements have obviously better performance than the original model, especially in congested traffic conditions.
Book Synopsis A General Traffic Flow Simulation Model for Freeway Operation by : Connecticut. Department of Transportation
Download or read book A General Traffic Flow Simulation Model for Freeway Operation written by Connecticut. Department of Transportation and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
