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A Dynamic Model To Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated With Beneficial Uses Of Biosolids Phase 1
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Book Synopsis A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids by : John M. Colford
Download or read book A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids written by John M. Colford and published by . This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids - Phase 1 by : J. M. Colford Jr
Download or read book A Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids - Phase 1 written by J. M. Colford Jr and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maximum allowable levels for chemical contaminants in biosolids were developed for the Part 503 rule using risk-based methodologies. However, maximum allowable levels of microbiological contaminants in the Part 503 rule were based on specific treatment methodologies rather than risk levels, because it was determined at that time that risk assessment methodologies were not sufficiently developed. Given the current interest in the beneficial uses of biosolids and the projected rapid growth of biosolids reuse, there is increasing interest in the development of a microbial risk assessment methodology for regulatory and operational decision making. This document presents a methodology for assessing risks to human health from pathogens via exposure to biosolids. The methodology integrates two fundamental components: an exposure assessment component and a health risk component. The exposure assessment component is used to quantify pathogen levels in the environment and serves as input to the health effects component. The health effects component is used to quantify health risks using a model that explicitly accounts for properties unique to an infectious disease process, specifically secondary transmission and immunity. To demonstrate the applicability of these risk-based methods developed for biosolids exposure, numerical simulations were carried out for a case study example in which the route of exposure was direct consumption of biosolids-amended soil. The output from the case study yielded a decision tree that differentiates between conditions in which the risk from biosolids exposure is high and those conditions in which the relative risk from biosolids is low. This decision tree illustrates the interaction among the important factors in quantifying risk. For the case study example, those factors include biosolids treatment processes, the pathogen shedding rate of infectious individuals, secondary transmission and immunity. Further work in determining biosolids exposures is required before this methodology can be used in a comprehensive risk assessment. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Book Synopsis Application of a Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids by : Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
Download or read book Application of a Dynamic Model to Assess Microbial Health Risks Associated with Beneficial Uses of Biosolids written by Joseph N. S. Eisenberg and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an approach to conducting ris
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Microbial Risk Assessment Techniques and Applications by : J. A. Soller
Download or read book Evaluation of Microbial Risk Assessment Techniques and Applications written by J. A. Soller and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation reviewed and evaluated methodologies used for microbial risk assessment with respect to their applicability for reclaimed water applications. The investigation was comprised of five primary components: a comprehensive database of articles, reports and books describing microbial risk assessment methodologies was established and reviewed. Risk assessment techniques and models were identified for estimating the public health risk from exposure to microorganisms via reclaimed water applications. Two models were identified for further evaluation: a static (individual based) and a dynamic (population based). In the third component, the two models were evaluated to differentiate between the conditions under which models predict similar and substantially different estimations of risk. Through numerical simulation, exposure/pathogen combinations were identified when it may be appropriate to use the less complex, static model. Case study risk assessment scenarios demonstrated the model selection process for three realistic, yet hypothetical reclaimed water scenarios.The fourth component presents a constraint analysis for existing reuse regulations. The constraint analysis is carried out by documenting the existing reuse regulations. The constraint analysis is carried out by documenting the existing regs in three states for landscape irrigation and uses that comparison as a starting point to identify how microbial risk assessment may be useful within the context of existing and potential future water reuse regulations. The investigation concludes by identifying criteria for a computer interface that would allow regulatory and/or municipal agencies/utilities to take advantage of the analysis discussed in the report. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Author :Christon J. Hurst Publisher :American Society for Microbiology Press ISBN 13 :1555813798 Total Pages :3023 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (558 download)
Book Synopsis Manual of Environmental Microbiology by : Christon J. Hurst
Download or read book Manual of Environmental Microbiology written by Christon J. Hurst and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2007-05-14 with total page 3023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most definitive manual of microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. • Incorporates a summary of the latest methodology used to study the activity and fate of microorganisms in various environments. • Synthesizes the latest information on the assessment of microbial presence and microbial activity in natural and artificial environments. • Features a section on biotransformation and biodegradation. • Serves as an indispensable reference for environmental microbiologists, microbial ecologists, and environmental engineers, as well as those interested in human diseases, water and wastewater treatment, and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Environmental Toxicology by : Edward A. Laws
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology written by Edward A. Laws and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Toxicology provides a detailed, comprehensive introduction to this key area of sustainability and public health research. The broad coverage includes sections on ecological risk assessment, monitoring, mechanisms, fate and transport, prevention, and correctives, as well as treatment of the health effects of solar radiation and toxicology in the ocean. The 23 state-of-the-art chapters provide a multi-disciplinary perspective on this vital area, which encompasses environmental science, biology, chemistry, and public health.
Book Synopsis Biosolids Applied to Land by : National Research Council
Download or read book Biosolids Applied to Land written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-11-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1993 regulation (Part 503 Rule) governing the land application of biosolids was established to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects. Included in the regulation are chemical pollutant limits, operational standards designed to reduce pathogens and the attraction of disease vectors, and management practices. This report from the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology evaluates the technical methods and approaches used by EPA to establish those standards and practices, focusing specifically on human health protection. The report examines improvements in risk-assessment practices and advances in the scientific database since promulgation of the regulation, and makes recommendations for addressing public health concerns, uncertainties, and data gaps about the technical basis of the biosolids standards.
Book Synopsis Microbial Risk Assessment Modeling for Exposure to Land-applied Class B Biosolids by : Jingjie Teng
Download or read book Microbial Risk Assessment Modeling for Exposure to Land-applied Class B Biosolids written by Jingjie Teng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advisor: Patrick L. Gurian.
Book Synopsis Disposal and Management of Solid Waste by : Eliot Epstein
Download or read book Disposal and Management of Solid Waste written by Eliot Epstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal and Management of Solid Waste: Pathogens and Diseases takes a closer look at pathogens that are found in solid wastes and the diseases that they produce. While comparing the differences between developed and developing countries, this book provides an understanding of the risks and exposure of pathogens in solid wastes, addresses pathogens
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Book Synopsis Journal of the National Cancer Institute by :
Download or read book Journal of the National Cancer Institute written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-applied Biosolids by : Clark D. Bennett
Download or read book Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-applied Biosolids written by Clark D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3.4 million tons of biosolids, dry weight, are land-applied annually to farms, forests, rangelands, mine lands, and other land use types. Biosolids are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the primarily organic solid product yielded by municipal wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled" as soil amendments. Concerns for potential human health effects from land-applied biosolids can be addressed through the conduct of a risk assessment. This book focuses on the systematic planning step (a "problem formulation" defining the major factors to be considered) for risk assessments of pathogens in land-applied biosolids. This book follows the common problem formulation steps of hazard identification, conceptual model development, and the development of an analysis plan. A review of pathogens in biosolids literature forms the basis of this book. The intended use of this book is to assist in the development of future risk assessments and to identify specific research needed to fill current data gaps.
Book Synopsis Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-Applied Biosolids by : Clark D. Bennett
Download or read book Health Risk Assessments on Potential Pathogens in Land-Applied Biosolids written by Clark D. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 3.4 million tons of biosolids, dry weight, are land-applied annually to farms, forests, rangelands, mine lands, and other land use types. Biosolids are defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as "the primarily organic solid product yielded by municipal wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled" as soil amendments. Concerns for potential human health effects from land-applied biosolids can be addressed through the conduct of a risk assessment. This book focuses on the systematic planning step (a "problem formulation" defining the major factors to be considered) for risk assessments of pathogens in land-applied biosolids. This book follows the common problem formulation steps of hazard identification, conceptual model development, and the development of an analysis plan. A review of pathogens in biosolids literature forms the basis of this book. The intended use of this book is to assist in the development of future risk assessments and to identify specific research needed to fill current data gaps.
Book Synopsis Response to Biosolids Questions and Current Public Acceptance Issues by : Robert Perciasepe
Download or read book Response to Biosolids Questions and Current Public Acceptance Issues written by Robert Perciasepe and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-12 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains U.S. Environmental Protection Agency responses to public concerns over the agricultural use of sewage sludge. Primarily through transcripts of correspondence between the EPA and various citizens' groups, industry agencies, newspaper and news service agencies, private citizens, and government officials, the responses address CNN's "Hazardous Harvest" broadcast, dioxin issues, food safety concerns, National Sludge Alliance issues, and other issues related to the uses of sewage sludge. Includes a paper presented by Alan Rubin, Senior Scientist, EPA, on EPA activities dealing with dioxins in biosolids.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Physical Stressors on Bacterial Inactivation Rates in Biosolids by :
Download or read book The Effects of Physical Stressors on Bacterial Inactivation Rates in Biosolids written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanitation is fundamental to reducing disease and sustaining a high standard of living. The evolution of sewer systems and the modern engineering of wastewater treatment plants work to decrease health risk and manage environmental concerns associated with the reuse and disposal of treated effluent and solid wastes generated as byproducts. The recycling of treated solid wastes (biosolids) continues to be an environmental challenge due to the shear volume produced, and its potentially hazardous composition. Solar drying of biosolids was studied in semi-arid regions as a sustainable method for reducing pathogens. The initial studies were performed with no intervening treatments. Average fecal coliform inactivation rates for digested biosolids during summer experiments were determined to be 0.17 ł 0.03/day-1 and 0.17 ł 0.04/day-1, respectively. Salmonella inactivation rates in aerobically digested biosolids were 0.11 ł 0.08 day-1 and 2.0 ł 2.0 day-1 for aerobically and anaerobically digested biosolids, respectively for the summer seasons. Solar drying during warm dry seasons was effective in reducing pathogens. Microbial testing to verify the quality of biosolids can be expensive. Utilizing a mathematical model to predict pathogen density levels during the solar drying process can minimize such testing. The first order mathematical model known as Chick's Law, where the inactivation constant, kd, is further defined as a function of moisture and temperature, k1 = 0.112, k2 = -41.88, and k3 = -0.5357; for all T greater than 38ðC, T=38ðC provided a good estimate of the inactivation rate of fecal coliforms in biosolids. During subsequent field studies, treatments were employed to manage the drying cycle of biosolids--tilling increased the rate of drying, a covered solar drying bed increased the inactivation rate of fecal coliforms by 300%, and an automated rain shield was engineered to limit enteric bacterial regrowth due to rainfall. Finally, since biosolids are to be considered a source of nitrogen when land-applied, temporal samples of biosolids from various solar drying experiments were analyzed to ascertain the levels of ammonium-N and nitrate-N ions throughout the drying process. Chemical analyses revealed that as much as 34-92% of nitrogen was lost via volatilization during the drying process.
Book Synopsis Effects of Biosolids-derived Pharmaceuticals on Microbial Communities and Nitrogen Processes in Soil by : Carolyn G. Anderson
Download or read book Effects of Biosolids-derived Pharmaceuticals on Microbial Communities and Nitrogen Processes in Soil written by Carolyn G. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosolids, or composted sewage sludge, are a relatively untapped but broadly available resource, and the repository for a substantial portion of nutrients consumed in the form of food. Returning these nutrients to food production systems would "close the loop" in nutrient cycling rather than cause a waste disposal problem. Biosolids have the potential to be a beneficial soil amendment to agricultural land, yet in addition to nutrients they also ubiquitously contain contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Biochar, or pyrolyzed agricultural waste, is a potential co-amendment with biosolids that could reduce the bioavailability of pharmaceuticals found in biosolids. Because of its unique chemistry and high surface area, biochar can sorb organic chemicals such as PPCPs that are introduced to the soil via application of biosolids. The major objectives of this work were to understand effects of contaminants found in biosolids on soil ecosystem processes and related microbial structure, and to examine how biochar affects these relationships. These were addressed in two separate studies: (1) In a laboratory soil incubation, we show that functional redundancy between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) can buffer negative effects of exposure to ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic commonly found in biosolids. The higher resistance, at least in the short-term, of AOA to antibiotics can maintain the process rate of nitrification, providing ecosystem functional resistance to the antibiotic disturbance. Further, co-amending with biochar mitigates any negative effect of ciprofloxacin on either AOB or AOA, suggesting that biochar can be an effective sorbent of pharmaceutical contaminants. (2) In a greenhouse study examining the effects of co-amending biosolids with biochar, we find that biochar has positive growth effects on plants, possibly due to the aforementioned sorption of growth-limiting contaminants found in biosolids. However, a bioanalytical (CALUX) examination of endocrine-disrupting activity in the biosolid- and biochar-amended soils suggests that biochars might also be a source of such activity. The rate of biochar application to induce this effect (100 t ha−1) is high above the average agronomic rate (10 t ha−1), and it is thus possible that such levels of endocrine-disrupting activity would not be present in the soil in an agricultural context. Together, these results show how microbial communities and related functions are affected by contaminants in biosolids, and suggest that biochar might be an effective co-amendment to mitigate negative effects of an antibiotic disturbance. However, biochar must be explored for potential environmentally-relevant endocrine-disrupting activity before it is used as a remediation tool.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment by : Charles N. Haas
Download or read book Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment written by Charles N. Haas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment
