A Descriptive Case Study Examining the Perceptions of Novice Urban High School Principals Regarding how Well Their Graduate Educational Leadership Programs Prepared Them to Implement the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders

Download A Descriptive Case Study Examining the Perceptions of Novice Urban High School Principals Regarding how Well Their Graduate Educational Leadership Programs Prepared Them to Implement the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (252 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Descriptive Case Study Examining the Perceptions of Novice Urban High School Principals Regarding how Well Their Graduate Educational Leadership Programs Prepared Them to Implement the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders by : Lenford G. Lawes

Download or read book A Descriptive Case Study Examining the Perceptions of Novice Urban High School Principals Regarding how Well Their Graduate Educational Leadership Programs Prepared Them to Implement the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders written by Lenford G. Lawes and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major purpose of this action research study was to both quantitatively and qualitatively look at novice urban high school principals' perceptions of how their graduate educational leadership programs prepared them to implement the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders as organized into four areas for school improvement: (1) Teaching and Learning, (2) Capacity Building, (3) Community Building, and (4) Policy and Management. To date no studies have demonstrated that following novice principals induction into Connecticut's urban high schools, that these same principals perceive their graduate educational leadership programs prepared them to implement Connecticut State Standards for School Leaders. The sample consisted of nine principals. Two sources of data were obtained. The Educational Leadership Self Inventory (ELSI) Survey was used to collect data via mail and online, and interview was conducted using guided questions. The ELSI specifically addresses the 12 Connecticut Standards for School Leaders (CSDE, 1998). The survey consists of closed-ended questions. The closed-ended questions are rated using a four point Likert Scale with the following anchors: (1) Did not prepare, (2) Limited Preparation, (3) Somewhat Prepared, (4) Well Prepared. The ELSI generated ordinal data. Respondents were asked to review statements relating to what extent do they feel their graduate school leadership program prepared them with respect to the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders by categorizing each statement in accordance with a Likert Scale. Multiple sources of data were analyzed and compared to triangulate findings. Prior to the principal interviews, a pilot interview was utilized to test the interview questions. Conclusions were drawn from findings in each of the four major areas found in the Connecticut Standards for School Leaders. It was concluded that novice urban high school principals are likely to report a wide range of areas in which their preparation programs satisfactorily prepared them or unsatisfactorily prepared them for the principalship. It was recommended that graduate educational leadership programs further their efforts to ensure that candidates are well prepared in areas such as student assessment, teaching, teachers' evaluation, providing opportunity for meaningful collaborative leadership, professional development, active family engagement, harness community resources and developing healthy community partnership to improve learning for all students. They must also make effort to provide high quality internships for candidates.

Dissertation Abstracts International

Download Dissertation Abstracts International PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Three-Minute Classroom Walk-Through

Download The Three-Minute Classroom Walk-Through PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1452207038
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Three-Minute Classroom Walk-Through by : Carolyn J. Downey

Download or read book The Three-Minute Classroom Walk-Through written by Carolyn J. Downey and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2004-04-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Change the entire school culture with this collaborative method of supervision! For years, the classic supervision model has frustrated both principals and teachers by fostering superior-subordinate relationships, focusing on teacher conformity rather than growth, or producing checklist data that are irrelevant to the curriculum. The Three-Minute Classroom Walk-Through offers a practical, time-saving alternative that impacts student achievement by cultivating self-reliant teachers who are continuously improving their practice. This method answers principals' key questions: Is the work of my teachers aligned with district curriculum? Are my teachers using research-based "best practices"? Are they choosing the instructional strategies that will promote student achievement?

A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Characteristics of a Principal in a High Poverty High Achieving School

Download A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Characteristics of a Principal in a High Poverty High Achieving School PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 147 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Characteristics of a Principal in a High Poverty High Achieving School by : Cynthia S. Grant

Download or read book A Case Study of Transformational Leadership Characteristics of a Principal in a High Poverty High Achieving School written by Cynthia S. Grant and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this qualitative case study was to identify and examine the characteristics of effective leaders in high-poverty, high-achieving schools in a single school district. Within the context of this inquiry, district and school success was measured through the level of student achievement described by the annual Missouri School Improvement Plan (MSIP) process (Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education [MODESE], 2011). The results of this narrative case study will provide researchers a holistic view of the context in which the school of focus is situated and should enhance the current body of knowledge regarding leadership characteristics present in highly-effective schools located in high-poverty areas. Furthermore, new insights to the professional practices of principals as well as building and sustaining leadership capacity for high-poverty schools within school districts (Lambert, 2006) should be revealed. These findings should result in educational leaders who will be better prepared to respond to diversity, curriculum standards, program requirements, physical and mental disabilities, and produce high achievement (Leithwood & Riehl, 2003) in high-poverty school settings. The population included an urban elementary school located in Missouri was the setting for this narrative case study. A case study permitted this researcher to retain a holistic view and obtain meaningful characteristics of day-to-day, realistic events taking place within the research setting through interviews, focus groups, document and artifact analysis, and onsite observation (Creswell, 2007; Yin, 2003). Data collections were comprised of interviews, focus groups, on-site observations, and document analysis. The interview and focus group protocols allowed the participants the opportunity to provide explanations and firsthand perspectives regarding their perspectives of the leadership style of the principal (Creswell, 2007; Lincoln & Guba, 1985). The results related to this research study are applicable for public school leaders who are facing the daunting task of school reform. Fullan, (2001) and Marzano (2003) contended the building principals is second only to the classroom teacher when it comes to positively impacting student achievement as the principal has a direct impact on student achievement.

Culturally Responsive School Leadership

Download Culturally Responsive School Leadership PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard Education Press
ISBN 13 : 1682532097
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (825 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Culturally Responsive School Leadership by : Muhammad Khalifa

Download or read book Culturally Responsive School Leadership written by Muhammad Khalifa and published by Harvard Education Press. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culturally Responsive School Leadership focuses on how school leaders can effectively serve minoritized students—those who have been historically marginalized in school and society. The book demonstrates how leaders can engage students, parents, teachers, and communities in ways that positively impact learning by honoring indigenous heritages and local cultural practices. Muhammad Khalifa explores three basic premises. First, that a full-fledged and nuanced understanding of “cultural responsiveness” is essential to successful school leadership. Second, that cultural responsiveness will not flourish and succeed in schools without sustained efforts by school leaders to define and promote it. Finally, that culturally responsive school leadership comprises a number of crucial leadership behaviors, which include critical self-reflection; the development of culturally responsive teachers; the promotion of inclusive, anti-oppressive school environments; and engagement with students’ indigenous community contexts. Based on an ethnography of a school principal who exemplifies the practices and behaviors of culturally responsive school leadership, the book provides educators with pedagogy and strategies for immediate implementation.

Leading With Inquiry and Action

Download Leading With Inquiry and Action PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1452209448
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Leading With Inquiry and Action by : Matthew Militello

Download or read book Leading With Inquiry and Action written by Matthew Militello and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2009-07-23 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhance learning with a collaborative, inquiry-based system of leadership! This practical guide presents a systematic, ongoing process for collecting information, making decisions, and taking action in order to improve instruction and raise student achievement. The authors illustrate a collaborative inquiry-action cycle within a real-world context and offer questions and exercises to guide individual reflection and group discussion. Thoroughly grounded in research, this book helps administrators: Identify areas for instructional improvement Determine community-supported solutions and build stakeholder commitment Articulate an action plan based on multiple data sources Take steps that support teacher development Systematically evaluate program results

A Qualitative Case Study Examining the Reports of Directors of Non-university Urban School Leadership Preparation Programs, New Leaders Inc

Download A Qualitative Case Study Examining the Reports of Directors of Non-university Urban School Leadership Preparation Programs, New Leaders Inc PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (647 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Qualitative Case Study Examining the Reports of Directors of Non-university Urban School Leadership Preparation Programs, New Leaders Inc by : Noha Abdel-Hady (Ed.D. candidate at the University of Hartford)

Download or read book A Qualitative Case Study Examining the Reports of Directors of Non-university Urban School Leadership Preparation Programs, New Leaders Inc written by Noha Abdel-Hady (Ed.D. candidate at the University of Hartford) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This qualitative case study examined the non-university urban school leadership preparation program, New Leaders Inc., and sought to examine the reports of their program directors regarding how the program instructs aspiring school principals in the development of their leadership capabilities. New Leaders Inc. is not affiliated with a specific university or higher educational institution. New Leaders Inc. is a grant-funded program. This qualitative case study examined the non-university urban school leadership preparation program, New Leaders Inc., and sought to examine the reports of their program directors regarding how the program instructs aspiring school principals in the development of their leadership capabilities. New Leaders Inc. is not affiliated with a specific university or higher educational institution. New Leaders Inc. is a grant-funded program. Urban school leadership preparation program directors interviewed in this study reported that their program supports residents in developing their leadership capabilities through: developing and embracing a change vision, working in collaboration with stakeholders and building relationships, and the practical hands-on coaching during a yearlong residency program. This study found that Ancona’s (2005) leadership framework perfectly aligns with the leadership capabilities enacted in the program under investigation. A surprising alignment to Kotter’s (2014) eight-step change model also emerged from the findings of this study.

The Science of Learning and Development

Download The Science of Learning and Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100039977X
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Science of Learning and Development by : Pamela Cantor

Download or read book The Science of Learning and Development written by Pamela Cantor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-21 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential text unpacks major transformations in the study of learning and human development and provides evidence for how science can inform innovation in the design of settings, policies, practice, and research to enhance the life path, opportunity and prosperity of every child. The ideas presented provide researchers and educators with a rationale for focusing on the specific pathways and developmental patterns that may lead a specific child, with a specific family, school, and community, to prosper in school and in life. Expanding key published articles and expert commentary, the book explores a profound evolution in thinking that integrates findings from psychology with biology through sociology, education, law, and history with an emphasis on institutionalized inequities and disparate outcomes and how to address them. It points toward possible solutions through an understanding of and addressing the dynamic relations between a child and the contexts within which he or she lives, offering all researchers of human development and education a new way to understand and promote healthy development and learning for diverse, specific youth regardless of race, socioeconomic status, or history of adversity, challenge, or trauma. The book brings together scholars and practitioners from the biological/medical sciences, the social and behavioral sciences, educational science, and fields of law and social and educational policy. It provides an invaluable and unique resource for understanding the bases and status of the new science, and presents a roadmap for progress that will frame progress for at least the next decade and perhaps beyond.

Perceived Influence of Coaching During Pre-service Training on Aspiring Urban Principals' Perceptions of Self-efficacy in Readiness for the Role of Instructional Leader

Download Perceived Influence of Coaching During Pre-service Training on Aspiring Urban Principals' Perceptions of Self-efficacy in Readiness for the Role of Instructional Leader PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Perceived Influence of Coaching During Pre-service Training on Aspiring Urban Principals' Perceptions of Self-efficacy in Readiness for the Role of Instructional Leader by : Stephanie Maney-Hartlaub

Download or read book Perceived Influence of Coaching During Pre-service Training on Aspiring Urban Principals' Perceptions of Self-efficacy in Readiness for the Role of Instructional Leader written by Stephanie Maney-Hartlaub and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The academic achievement gap in urban schools points to the need for strong and effective instructional leaders who can counter the numerous education challenges facing these institutions. Principals strongly shape the conditions for high-quality teaching, and high-quality principals are vital to the effectiveness of our nation’s school (Fry, O’Neill, & Bottoms, 2006; Wallace Foundation, 2013, 2016). Principal preparation is the pathway for aspiring urban principals to develop the knowledge, skills, and dispositions they need to be effective school leaders (Darling-Hammond, Lapointe, Meyerson, & Orr, 2007; Tucker, Young, & Korchoreck, 2012). Bandura (2012) theorizes that self-efficacy, the belief in one’s ability to achieve a specific task and produce the desired results, rather than one’s actual abilities move individuals to accomplish self-determined goals. This study examined the development of self-efficacy among aspiring urban principals for the role of an instructional leader through the lens of Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (1986) and the Cognitive Coaching Framework (2002). The research employed a mixed-method sequential explanatory case study design with 57 aspiring urban principals using the Principals’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES). In addition, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with aspiring urban principals who did not receive coaching during pre-service training and aspiring urban principals who received coaching during pre-service training. The following overarching research question was addressed: How does having a school leadership coaching during pre-service training influence aspiring urban principals’ perceptions of self-efficacy in readiness for the role of instructional leadership? The related research questions asked: To what extent do differences exist in aspiring urban principals who received on-the-job coaching during pre-service training and those who did not in their perceived ability to set direction, develop people and redesign the organization to develop one that supports the performance of administrators, teachers, and students? Overall, the findings from the study support the idea that coaching during pre-service training can positively influence aspiring urban principals’ sense of self-efficacy for the role of an instructional leader. Through ongoing feedback and engagement, modeling of best practices in coaching, as well as accountability and encouragement. This research supports several recommendations for educational institutions charged with preparing urban school principals, which include, the addition of coaching as a component in preparation programs and ensuring that current practitioners with knowledge of the current work in the field serve as instructors within these preparation programs.

Principal Succession

Download Principal Succession PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791412916
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Principal Succession by : Ann Weaver Hart

Download or read book Principal Succession written by Ann Weaver Hart and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines major issues in theory and research related to leader succession. It looks at the persistent problems confronted by people assigned to lead established social and professional groups like those found in schools. The author demonstrates how interaction between new leaders and established school organizations shape succession events (with illustrations drawn from educational administration) and provides a framework for understanding succession as a dynamic and interactive process.

A Cross-case Study Analysis

Download A Cross-case Study Analysis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Cross-case Study Analysis by : Stephen Kenneth Jr Zrike

Download or read book A Cross-case Study Analysis written by Stephen Kenneth Jr Zrike and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the framework as a guide, I explored the following questions: (1) How do urban elementary school principals understand their role in supporting novice teachers? What do urban school principals do to support novice teachers? To what extent does the conceptual framework describe principal behavior?; (2) What do new teachers say about their principal's understanding of their needs?; and (3) What are the most effective practices for principals guiding new teachers? To answer these questions, a qualitative, multiple-case study methodology was employed to understand the dynamic between principals and new teachers from the perspective of the building leader. As the "unit of analysis' (Yin, 2003, p. 22) three urban elementary schools were selected with veteran principals, a critical mass of novices and evidence of supporting new teachers. The dynamic between school administrator and novice educator has not been adequately explored from the perspective of the principal. In the end, this work offers a set of strategies and recommendations to assist principals in thinking about effective support of new practitioners.

Dual Language Education

Download Dual Language Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
ISBN 13 : 9781853595318
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (953 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dual Language Education by : Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary

Download or read book Dual Language Education written by Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dual language education is a program that combines language minority and language majority students for instruction through two languages. This book provides the conceptual background for the program and discusses major implementation issues. Research findings summarize language proficiency and achievement outcomes from 8000 students at 20 schools, along with teacher and parent attitudes.

Case Study

Download Case Study PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Case Study by : Tyriq D'shon Simmons

Download or read book Case Study written by Tyriq D'shon Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this case study was to explore the educational leadership training experiences in special education for school principals of public charter schools in Washington D.C. Guiding this study, is the theory of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), contributed by Shulman (1986), and the social constructivist theory contributed by Lev Vygotsky (1978). These theories seek to explain the relationship between what principals are expected to know and do based on leadership content knowledge and practical application, specifically in terms of leading special education programs in schools. The central question of this study is: What are the experiences of school principals relating to preparation in special education? To explore this research question, the sample includes 10 school principals from a public charter school network in Washington, D.C. The data collection methods included the use of semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and a focus group. Data analysis procedures were aligned with the work of Miles and Huberman (1994) and Morse (1994), consisting of comprehending, synthesizing, theorizing, and recontextualizing. This study was able to develop three themes gleaned from the analysis of participants’ responses during the interviews, focus group, and document analysis. This research contributes to the overall picture of school principals’ preparedness to lead special education programs. The results of this study indicated that more intentional content is needed in preparing tomorrow’s educational leaders in understanding and leading where special education programs exist. Further research and collaboration with the nation’s leading universities can build these aspects into their educational leadership programs.

First Time Principals in a High Stakes Accountability Urban School District

Download First Time Principals in a High Stakes Accountability Urban School District PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (767 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis First Time Principals in a High Stakes Accountability Urban School District by : Kathy Maria Warren Augustine

Download or read book First Time Principals in a High Stakes Accountability Urban School District written by Kathy Maria Warren Augustine and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this mixed method study is to examine what new principals say they learned and the sources of the learning that inform their thoughts and actions as instructional leaders. The research questions proposed for this study emphasize who (new principals), what (their espoused theories and theories in use as instructional leaders based on prior learning), where (high-stakes accountability environment), and how (they interpret their actions and the influence of those actions on the school culture and climate). The two research questions proposed for this study ask: (1) What do new principals say they learned about leading instruction? and (2) What were the sources of their learning? In this study, empirically-based standards and theories of meaning, learning, and action, provide an understanding of the origin of theories in action and are the foundation for instrument development and qualitative analyses on the link between the sources of acquired knowledge, espoused theories, and theories in use.

American Doctoral Dissertations

Download American Doctoral Dissertations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Student Success in College

Download Student Success in College PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118046854
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Student Success in College by : George D. Kuh

Download or read book Student Success in College written by George D. Kuh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Student Success in College describes policies, programs, and practices that a diverse set of institutions have used to enhance student achievement. This book clearly shows the benefits of student learning and educational effectiveness that can be realized when these conditions are present. Based on the Documenting Effective Educational Practice (DEEP) project from the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University, this book provides concrete examples from twenty institutions that other colleges and universities can learn from and adapt to help create a success-oriented campus culture and learning environment.

African-American Principals

Download African-American Principals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis African-American Principals by : Kofi Lomotey

Download or read book African-American Principals written by Kofi Lomotey and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1989-09-11 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking study fills a significant gap in educational research literature as it explores the problem of persistent and pervasive underachievement by African-American students in the public schools of the United States. Teacher quality, school resources, socio-economic status of students, cultural relevance of curriculum, and school leadership are a few of the factors that contribute to achievement or the lack of it by these students. Lomotey focuses on the impact of the African-American principal's leadership, its effect on the academic achievement of African-American students, and the day-to-day activities associated with school leadership. An early chapter reviews relevant research focusing on the connection between principal leadership and academic achievement in general. The extracted recurring qualities then form the basis for exploring whether African-American principals in more successful African-American schools possess the specific qualities suggested by the research. Lomotey finds that three additional and important characteristics are shared by his sample of principals: a deep commitment to the education of African-American children; a strong compassion for and understanding of both their students and the local community; and a sincere confidence in the ability of all African-American children to learn. The text is enhanced by two dozen tables that present the information discussed. An early chapter details the study's methodology with an overview and discussion of sampling and measurement procedures. Useful to students of educational administration, African American Principals: School Leadership and Success will also be of value in courses focusing on urban studies, school effectiveness, and school leadership. Black Studies programs addressing African-American education in America will find this a most necessary text. African-American educators--scholars and practitioners--as well as parents, community leaders, and other lay people will profit from the up-to-the-minute insights presented here.