A Critical Evaluation Of Politeness Research In English And German

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A critical evaluation of Politeness research in English and German

Author : Friederike Brons
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656110344
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis A critical evaluation of Politeness research in English and German by : Friederike Brons

Download or read book A critical evaluation of Politeness research in English and German written by Friederike Brons and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, University of Wuppertal (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), language: English, abstract: As a way of establishing a general framework of the development of politeness research, I will give an overview of different theories: the first being the conversationalist maxim view, including the work of Grice, Lakoff and Leech; and the second being the face- saving view of politeness, including Brown and Levinson's model. Then, I will investigate how politeness is realised in German and English. For this purpose, I will firstly consider cultural specificities that determine linguistic politeness, examining dimensions of cross- cultural difference as proposed by Juliane House and critically evaluate these dimensions. Secondly, I will look at how politeness is reflected in the realisation of the speech act of request, drawing on results from a contrastive study on politeness markers by Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper. These will subsequently be compared to findings gained in other empirical works. Following the critical evaluation, I will also take a closer look at the significant role of modal particles in the modification of requests in order to account for some of the prevalent linguistic choices observed in the contrastive study. Finally, the paper ends with a summarising conclusion.

A Critical Evaluation of Politeness Research in English and German

Author : Friederike Brons
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656110573
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (561 download)

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Book Synopsis A Critical Evaluation of Politeness Research in English and German by : Friederike Brons

Download or read book A Critical Evaluation of Politeness Research in English and German written by Friederike Brons and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, University of Wuppertal (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), language: English, abstract: As a way of establishing a general framework of the development of politeness research, I will give an overview of different theories: the first being the conversationalist maxim view, including the work of Grice, Lakoff and Leech; and the second being the face- saving view of politeness, including Brown and Levinson's model. Then, I will investigate how politeness is realised in German and English. For this purpose, I will firstly consider cultural specificities that determine linguistic politeness, examining dimensions of cross- cultural difference as proposed by Juliane House and critically evaluate these dimensions. Secondly, I will look at how politeness is reflected in the realisation of the speech act of request, drawing on results from a contrastive study on politeness markers by Juliane House and Gabriele Kasper. These will subsequently be compared to findings gained in other empirical works. Following the critical evaluation, I will also take a closer look at the significant role of modal particles in the modification of requests in order to account for some of the prevalent linguistic choices observed in the contrastive study. Finally, the paper ends with a summarising conclusion.

Politeness in English and German: a contrastive study

Author : Svetla Rogatcheva
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638314251
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (383 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness in English and German: a contrastive study by : Svetla Rogatcheva

Download or read book Politeness in English and German: a contrastive study written by Svetla Rogatcheva and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2004-10-11 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1.7 (A-), University of Bayreuth (UB Bayreuth), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: Almo st all linguistic research views politeness as a universal feature of civilized societies, regardless of their background culture, or their language. Politeness is thus seen as an important social or ‘urbane’ value, inherent to successful communication, although its realization may vary across the different speech communities. Politeness offers a good way of emotional control of the individual (House and Kasper, 1981: 158), and is typically means of preserving and maintaining good social relationship between the speakers of one or more cultures. Polite behaviour generally protects the individual, as well as their addressee, and often becomes subject matter of self- help books on etiquette, especially in cases when people belong to a specific hierarchy (roya l court, business company etc). The verbal realization of politeness poses even greater problems when the interlocutors belong to different cultures and try to communicate, transferring their pragmatic knowledge of polite behaviour into the foreign langua ge. Lack of practice and the learners’ concern with rendering correctly the foreign language’s grammatical structures in the first place often lead to misunderstandings, or the so-called ‘socio-pragmatic failures’ (Thomas, 1983)- ‘ errors resulting from no n- native speakers not knowing what to say or not saying the appropriate things as a result of transferring incongruent social rules, values and belief systems from their native languages and cultures’. These types of errors are likely to cause a downright insult for both the non- native and the native speakers of a certain language, the native speakers misunderstanding and misinterpreting the intentions of the non- native speaker, and the nonnative speakers being over-sensitive to ‘distinctions of grammatical form’ (Brown and Levinson 1996: 35), in a way the native speakers are not. In any case, being polite is essential to maintaining healthy social relations within a specific culture, and even more so, for the communication across cultures. Cross-cultural communication offers a wide field for research, as the socio-pragmatic failure of one speaker of a certain community tends to be stereotyped for the whole community (Knapp-Potthoff 1992: 203), consequently labeling a nation as rude, over-polite, insincere etc. [...]

Politeness in Europe

Author : Leo Hickey
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
ISBN 13 : 9781853597374
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (973 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness in Europe by : Leo Hickey

Download or read book Politeness in Europe written by Leo Hickey and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politeness as practised across 22 European societies, firmly set within critical debates developed since the 1980s, is here presented in ways related to concrete situations in which language-users interact with one another to achieve their goals. Areas covered include types of politeness, forms of address, negotiation and small-talk in various contexts.

Politeness in German and in English. Differences in the everyday language

Author : Leonie Quicker
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346867277
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (468 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness in German and in English. Differences in the everyday language by : Leonie Quicker

Download or read book Politeness in German and in English. Differences in the everyday language written by Leonie Quicker and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-05-08 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: In this term paper, the main differences between English and German in terms of politeness will be further explained and analysed, based on the use of the politeness markers "Bitte" and "Please". There appear to be an assumption that Germans use more often the direct and unfriendly approach while requesting something from someone, whereas English tend to indirectly ask the other person to do something by using a more formal and polite way. This possible difference may lead to problems especially for Germans while learning English, since they may appear rude without even knowing the reason. However, this term paper shall prove whether this thesis is true or not by analysing 100 samples from the English and German corpus each and comparing those results with different data and studies. In our everyday life, we try to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings as much as we possibly can to protect our own image and the one we are talking to. However, the inevitability of such problems causes people to be excessively tactful in order to maintain a positive communication with other people. But the tactfulness may differ depending on several circumstances, for example its cultural surroundings. While it is possible to use the third singular and third plural form "you" to speak to a higher standing person in English, there is a difference in German when using "Du" and "Sie". This issue and other different aspects can lead to difficulties of intercultural communication or even by starting to learn a new foreign language. This is why this subject is important to understand in order to talk to people appropriately and accordingly, so that miscommunication can be minimized as much as possible. Even if you can speak a language perfectly, there is still a possibility that you will be misunderstood.

A Contrastive Analysis of Politeness

Author : Juliane Behm
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640118863
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis A Contrastive Analysis of Politeness by : Juliane Behm

Download or read book A Contrastive Analysis of Politeness written by Juliane Behm and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Rostock (Institut f r Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Contrastive Linguistics - German and English, 18 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Social interaction, especially in the form of verbal communication, constitutes one of the most important parts of human life by influencing conversations between individuals and shaping their interpersonal relationships. During the development of civilized societies people have established norms and values describing socially appropriate behaviour as well as specific conversational strategies and linguistic formulae which are generally considered to be 'polite' in a particular culture and context. When being asked to judge a person as 'polite' almost everyone has his own concept of politeness in mind, ranging from showing good manners, such as allowing women to go ahead, to politely asking other people for a favour such as lending lecture notes, by using specific linguistic formulae. Therefore, politeness cannot only be shown in people's way of behaviour towards each other but particularly in the use of language and specific linguistic devices in speech acts like requests, refusals, apologies, thanking as well as greeting and parting. On the basis of a general understanding of polite behaviour people consider their fellow-beings as being either well-behaved and respectful or rude and ill-mannered in social interactions. However, people do not assess other people's behaviour in the same way since their individual understanding of politeness varies quite considerably. Depending on factors like the situation and their relationship with the conversational partner people evaluate polite behaviour differently from being socially appropriate, considerate, and respectful to even hypocritical and insincere when they feel that some people overdo their friendliness.

Intercultural Politeness

Author : Helen Spencer-Oatey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107176220
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Intercultural Politeness by : Helen Spencer-Oatey

Download or read book Intercultural Politeness written by Helen Spencer-Oatey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this is the first book to systemise the processes by which we manage relations across cultures.

Responding to compliments in German and American English

Author : Kristina Grasmik
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668478473
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Responding to compliments in German and American English by : Kristina Grasmik

Download or read book Responding to compliments in German and American English written by Kristina Grasmik and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-07-07 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Comparative Literature, grade: 2,7, University of Dusseldorf "Heinrich Heine", language: English, abstract: This paper has two aims: At first, to find out whether the German responses respectively results differ from Chen’s American English ones or whether there are similarities. Secondly to interpret the results according to the two cultures and to show that there are more similarities than differences between the two cultures. In the next section the theoretical background of this term paper will be explained with a definition of politeness as well as a definition of a compliment. As already mentioned, there will be a description of Leech’s Politeness Principle and Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness which will be linked to the comparison of the two cultures. To make a comparison possible between American English speakers and German speakers, the same methodology as Chen’s will be presented, which will be the next section. The step after the methodology will be the illustration of the findings. The comparison of the data with an interpretation according to both cultures will be included in the discussion section. At the end will be a short conclusion of the whole study. If you are in a foreign country, you try to be polite. But what exactly is politeness? Maybe you have already noticed that not in every country respectively culture you find the same understanding of politeness, which can lead to misunderstandings between people from different cultures. Hence many linguists try to compare the understanding of politeness of different cultures and countries with the aid of some researches and some politeness theories. The most important and popular politeness theories are those of Brown and Levinson, Leech and Grice, which will help to understand and group the findings into categories. Later on, some of them will be defined. The comparison between American English and German is quite vague, because the questionnaires were given to only 50 students from the same region in each research. This imprecision leads to more questions according to the study: Do we have regional politeness varieties in a country or even social politeness varieties? So that a new question arises, whether a small study of 50 students for each country can show politeness understanding in general for each country? These questions will not be answered in this term paper, because of the large amount of data and the lacking possibilities to collect it.

Situated Politeness

Author : Bethan L. Davies
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1441159495
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis Situated Politeness by : Bethan L. Davies

Download or read book Situated Politeness written by Bethan L. Davies and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-07-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: >

Clarity Versus Politeness in Written Communication

Author : Ilona Gaul
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638662985
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (386 download)

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Book Synopsis Clarity Versus Politeness in Written Communication by : Ilona Gaul

Download or read book Clarity Versus Politeness in Written Communication written by Ilona Gaul and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Marburg (Institution f r Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Hauptseminar "Strategic Writing in English as a Second Language", 7 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: The following paper seeks to be an empirical approach to the usage of clear and polite expressions in written communication. The material concerned are think- aloud-protocols, so-called TAPs, and respective letters written by students in their Hauptstudium who got the task to write to an imaginary guest professor and record their thoughts while doing this. The letters were first written in English (L2) and afterwards in German (L1) but since the main concept of politeness is very similar in these two languages and a detailed analysis of cultural differences would reach beyond the scope of this paper only the English letters are concerned here. The students were supposed to remind the professor of correcting their termpaper early because the credit was neeeded for the registration to their final exams. Obviously, this task requires to deal with the conflict between polite behaviour and a precise presentation of facts. As it will be shown it is on the one hand often not easy to be friendly and polite when one simultaneously wants to get an important message across. On the other hand there is the danger of creating a negative impression if one exaggerates politeness. Since I am one of the students who had to write an imaginary letter and especially since I already had to write similar letters in reality and am likely to have to do it again I am really interested in the study of politeness. The close relation between theory and practice here makes the topic very attractive. 32 letters were written and afterwards ranked into a quality scale ranging from high top to deep low. From each of these categories at least one letter will be picked out for a detailed

Politeness Across Cultures

Author : F. Bargiela-Chiappini
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230305938
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness Across Cultures by : F. Bargiela-Chiappini

Download or read book Politeness Across Cultures written by F. Bargiela-Chiappini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first edited collection to examine politeness in a wide range of diverse cultures. Most essays draw on empirical data from a wide variety of languages, including some key-languages in politeness research, such as English, and Japanese, as well as some lesser-studied languages, such as Georgian.

Directness and Indirectness Across Cultures

Author : Sara Mills
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137340398
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)

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Book Synopsis Directness and Indirectness Across Cultures by : Sara Mills

Download or read book Directness and Indirectness Across Cultures written by Sara Mills and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-26 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the complex relationship between directness, indirectness, politeness and impoliteness. Definitions of directness and indirectness are discussed and problematised from a discursive theoretical perspective.

Discursive Approaches to Politeness

Author : Linguistic Politeness Research Group
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110238675
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Discursive Approaches to Politeness by : Linguistic Politeness Research Group

Download or read book Discursive Approaches to Politeness written by Linguistic Politeness Research Group and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays by the Linguistic Politeness Research Group represents the results of over a decade of the group's research, discussions, seminars and conferences on the subject of linguistic politeness. The volume brings together cutting edge essays reflecting the range of discursive approaches to the analysis of politeness and impoliteness.

Politeness

Author : Penelope Brown
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521313551
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness by : Penelope Brown

Download or read book Politeness written by Penelope Brown and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-02-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the principles for constructing polite speeches, based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures.

Linguistic Politeness in Britain and Uruguay

Author : Rosina Márquez Reiter
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027298939
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Linguistic Politeness in Britain and Uruguay by : Rosina Márquez Reiter

Download or read book Linguistic Politeness in Britain and Uruguay written by Rosina Márquez Reiter and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-12-08 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first well-researched contrastive pragmatic analysis of requests and apologies in British English and Uruguayan Spanish. It takes the form of a cross-cultural corpus-based analysis using male and female native speakers of each language and systematically alternating the same social variables in both cultures. The data are elicited from a non-prescriptive open role-play yielding requests and apologies. The analysis of the speech acts is based on an adaptation of the categorical scheme developed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989). The results show that speakers of English and Spanish differ in their choice of (in)directness levels, head-act modifications, and the politeness types of males and females in both cultures. Reference to an extensive bibliography and the thorough discussion of methodological issues concerning speech act studies deserve the attention of students of pragmatics as well as readers interested in cultural matters.

English Politeness and Class

Author : Sara Mills
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108340768
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis English Politeness and Class by : Sara Mills

Download or read book English Politeness and Class written by Sara Mills and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politeness plays a vital role in maintaining class differences. In this highly original account, Sara Mills analyses the interrelationship between class and linguistic interaction, uncovering the linguistic ideologies behind politeness in British English. She sheds light on the way politeness and rudeness interrelate with the marking of class boundaries, and reveals how middle-class positions in society are marked by people's use of self-deprecation, indirectness and reserve. Systematically challenging received wisdom about cross-cultural and inter-cultural differences, she goes beyond the mere context of the interaction to investigate the social dimension of politeness. This approach enables readers to analyse other languages in the same way, and a range of case studies illustrate how ideologies of politeness are employed and judged.

Politeness in Language

Author : Richard J. Watts
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110886545
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Politeness in Language by : Richard J. Watts

Download or read book Politeness in Language written by Richard J. Watts and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 13 original papers focuses on the phenomenon of politeness in language. It presents the most important problems in developing a theory of linguistic politeness, which must deal with the crucial differences between lay notions of politeness in different cultures and the term ‘politeness’ as a concept within a theory of linguistic politeness. The universal validity of the term itself is called into question, as are models such as those developed by Brown and Levinson, Lakoff, and Leech. New approaches are suggested. In addition to this theoretical discussion, an empirical section presents a number of case studies and research projects in linguistic politeness. These show what has been achieved within current models and what still remains to be done, in particular with reference to cross-cultural studies in politeness and differences between a Western and a non-Western approach to the subject.