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0 6722 Spread Prestressed Concrete Slab Bridges
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Book Synopsis Materials for Architects and Builders by : Arthur Lyons
Download or read book Materials for Architects and Builders written by Arthur Lyons and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials for Architects and Builders provides a clear and concise introduction to the broad range of materials used within the construction industry and covers the essential details of their manufacture, key physical properties, specification and uses. Understanding the basics of materials is a crucial part of undergraduate and diploma construction or architecture-related courses, and this established textbook helps the reader to do just that with the help of colour photographs and clear diagrams throughout. This new edition has been completely revised and updated to include the latest developments in materials research, new images, appropriate technologies and relevant legislation. The ecological effects of building construction and lifetime use remain an important focus, and this new edition includes a wide range of energy saving building components.
Download or read book The Montessori Way written by Tim Seldin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Rationality by : Jason S. Johnston
Download or read book Climate Rationality written by Jason S. Johnston and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most environmental statutes passed since 1970 have endorsed a pragmatic or 'precautionary' principle under which the existence of a significant risk is enough to trigger regulation. At the same time, targets of such regulation have often argued on grounds of inefficiency that the associated costs outweigh any potential benefits. In this work, Jason Johnston unpacks and critiques the legal, economic, and scientific basis for precautionary climate policies pursued in the United States and in doing so sheds light on why the global warming policy debate has become increasingly bitter and disconnected from both climate science and economics. Johnston analyzes the most influential international climate science assessment organizations, the US electric power industry, and land management and renewable energy policies. Bridging sound economics and climate science, this pathbreaking book shows how the United States can efficiently adapt to a changing climate while radically reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Book Synopsis Roma in an Expanding Europe by : Dena Ringold
Download or read book Roma in an Expanding Europe written by Dena Ringold and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the enlargement of the European Union in May 2004, Roma (or gypsies) are now the largest minority group in Europe. They are also one of the poorest and most vulnerable groups, living mainly in Central and Eastern Europe, suffering poverty levels as high as ten times that found within majority populations. The lack of information about the living conditions and needs of Roma people compound these stark gaps in human development outcomes. This publication, prepared for a conference held in Budapest, Hungary in June 2003, brings together original sociological research, evaluations of programme initiatives, and the first comparative cross-country household survey on ethnicity and poverty. It finds that Roma poverty is multi-faceted and can only be addressed by a inclusive policy approach which respects their diversity.
Book Synopsis How Communities Build Stronger Schools by : Anne Wescott Dodd
Download or read book How Communities Build Stronger Schools written by Anne Wescott Dodd and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2002-10-18 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new vision of our public schools that looks beyond their four walls.
Book Synopsis Economic Evaluation of Bids for Nuclear Power Plants by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Bids for Nuclear Power Plants written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents information, advice and recommendations on the different principles, methods and guidelines which should be used and applied when conducting an economic evaluation of nuclear power plant bids. Annex I lists an improved IAEA cost account system for nuclear power plants.
Author :Luis M. Camarinha-Matos Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :0387382690 Total Pages :647 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (873 download)
Book Synopsis Network-Centric Collaboration and Supporting Frameworks by : Luis M. Camarinha-Matos
Download or read book Network-Centric Collaboration and Supporting Frameworks written by Luis M. Camarinha-Matos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-09 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaborative Networks is a fast developing area, as shown by the already large number of diverse real-world implemented cases and the dynamism of its related involved research community. Being recognized as the most focused scientific and technical conference on Collaborative Networks, PRO-VE continues to offer the opportunity for presentation and discussion of both the latest research developments as well as the practical application case studies.
Author :Fredrik Lindeberg Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9179299350 Total Pages :401 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (792 download)
Book Synopsis Coordinating the Internet by : Fredrik Lindeberg
Download or read book Coordinating the Internet written by Fredrik Lindeberg and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Många självklarheter i vårt digitala samhälle är beroende av Internet för att fungera. Allt från smarta dörrar för hemtjänster, till självscanningsapparaterna på ICA, till nyare bilar, moderna tillverkningsrobotar, telefoner och affärssystem. Den här licentiatavhandlingen reder ut vad Internet är, hur det styrs och vad det har för praktiska konsekvenser. Tidigare forskning finns bland annat inom telekommunikation där Internet liknas vid andra telekommunikationstjänster, så som kabel-TV eller mobiltelefoni, och inom digitalisering både inom management och informationssystem där Internet i det närmaste tas för givet som teknisk infrastruktur. Här tar jag en ansatts där jag förklarar Internet ur ett kombinerat tekniskt och organisatoriskt perspektiv. Studien är principiellt uppdelad i tre delar. Den första delen fokuserar på att begreppsmässigt hitta ett sätt att diskutera Internet utan att essentiella aspekter faller bort, såsom styrningen eller konsekvenser av den tekniska designen. Jag landar i att Internet är både ett tekniskt och ett organisatoriskt fenomen. Tekniskt i bemärkelsen att det handlar om digital paketbaserad kommunikation (dvs att olika paket kan ta olika väg och att det inte finns ett beroende på en viss specifik väg, eller “krets”), vilket kan särskiljas från exempelvis kretskopplad kommunikation (dvs en specific väg från sändare till mottagare) eller rent analog kommunikation. I denna tekniska dimension är Internet förhållandevis likt klassisk telekommunikation såsom kabel-TV och mobiltelefoni, och förlitar sig på best-effort paketbaserad kommunikation. I den andra dimensionen, styrning och organisation, är Internet ett explicit bottom-up fenomen som styrs med andra principer och ideal än klassisk telekommunikation. Till sin utformning är denna minsta möjliga koordination som krävs för att möjliggöra koordinering av de tekniska unika identifierare som behövs för att Internet ska fungera (dvs idag DNS- och BGP-flororna av protokoll för användning av namn och nummer på Internet). Båda dimensionerna, de organisatoriska och tekniska, följer samma designprinciper, och generellt är det meningsfullt att se Internet som en ekologi av aktörer snarare än en organisation i strikt teoretiska termer (exempelvis finns ingen tydlig övergripande strategi, organisationsnummer eller löneutbetalare). Det är dessa designprinciper, som ligger väl i linje med systemarkitektursprinciper för datorsystem, som är orsaken till Internets lager-design där man (generellt) inte ska bry som om vad som händer på andra lager än sitt eget (beskrivet som “separation of concerns” eller i dubbel negation “high cohesion” i texten) samt att ha en minimalistisk ansatts till koordinering och enbart koordinera eller skapa beroenden mellan enheter (både tekniskt och organisatoriskt) när det verkligen behövs (beskrivet som “minimum coordination” eller “low coupling” i texten). Den andra delen fokuserar på hur Internet kan socialt påverkas eller förändras till något annat, eller till något med en annan funktion sett som en styrd organisation. Jag använder begreppet social robusthet, som motpol till teknisk robusthet som i hur man tekniskt kan förstöra Internet, för att diskutera dessa aspekter. Slutsatserna här mynnar ut i att Internets explicita bottom-up och problemsuppdelnings-design gör det märkbart svårt för någon att medvetet påverka Internet för att ändra dess beskaffenhet, och dessutom visar jag att även om man praktiskt lyckas ta över de formellt beslutande råden (exempelvis ICANNs och IETFs styrelser) så finns det inga formella eller praktiska hinder för att bara ignorera dem (dvs switching costs för just ICANN eller IETF är låga, om än tekniskt omständligt med att konfigurera om rötter och routing-tabeller, och betydligt enklare än att gå från IPv4 till IPv6 då utrustning kan behöva ersättas och därmed en betydligt högre switching cost). Med andra ord, det är enklare att byta ut Internets koordinerare än att byta ut Internet mot något som fungerar annorlunda. Däremot är den rådande politiska världsordningen ett hot mot Internet, eftersom den regelstyrda och koordinerade världsordningen inte längre är lika självklar som den varit tidigare. Den tredje och sista studien fokuserar på nätneutralitet, dvs rätten nätverksoperatörer har att fånga värde i andra dimensioner än trafikmängd, som en praktiskt effekt av hur Internet styrs och fungerar. Det primära praktiska bidraget är att nätneutralitet inte får ses som enbart en reglerings och lagstiftningfråga utan det är mer relevant att prata om i termer av nätneutralitet i praktiken. I den bemärkelsen är lagstiftningens vara eller inte vara mindre intressant än praktisk nätneutralitets vara eller inte vara och en tyngdpunktsförskjutning i den offentliga debatten hade fört diskussionen närmare hur Internet fungerar. Sammanfattningsvis ger Internets designprinciper att marknadskrafter, och ej direkt reglering, ska möjliggöra nätneutralitet. För att förtydliga, tanken är att det ska finnas konkurrens inom de flesta nivåer eller lager, och att det är av vikt att det finns konkurrens rakt igenom så att en kundvilja för paketneutralitet på tjänstenivå även påverkar nätägar- och infrastrukturnivå, så att det är användarnas efterfrågan som leder till nätneutralitet (om den användarviljan finns). Dock kan det mycket väl vara så att man som användare inte är intresserad av nätneutralitet och då ska tjänsteleverantörer, nätägare och infrastrukturoperatörer inte heller tvingas vara neutrala genom lagstiftning då det går stick i stäv med designprinciperna. Inte heller ska en grupps vilja kring nätneutralitet påverka andras möjligheter att välja. Genomgående identifierar jag två kolliderande världsbilder, den distribuerade regelstyrda och koordinerade ordningen i sitt perspektiv med sina förkämpar, och den mer integrerande och suveräna världsordningen med sitt perspektiv och sina förkämpar. Rent praktiskt uppfyller Internet en önskad funktion i den tidigare men ej i den senare, då Internet designmässigt är byggt för att tillåta snarare än kontrollera och bestämma. Exempelvis finns det inte inbyggda (tekniska) mekanismer i Internet för att till exempel möjliggöra statlig övervakning eller kontroll av material som finns tillgängligt, och då ligger det mer i statens intresse att ha kontrollerade telekommunikationstjänster, såsom kabel-TV, mobiltelefoni och liknande lösningar där man inte helt enkelt kan lägga på ett “extra lager” för att uppnå kryptering, anonymitet eller tillgång till andra tjänster. I texten använder jag perspektiven tillsammans med teknologi, marknader och byråkrati för att fånga upp dynamiken och strömningarna i Internet-ekologin och jämför med tekniska samhällsförändringar, som exempelvis järnvägsnät, postverk och finansiella marknader. Jag konstaterar att Internet har varit styrt av teknologiskt baserade värderingar, till skillnad från de andra exemplen som i huvudsak har utformats av dynamiken mellan byråkrati och marknad. I denna mån förelår jag att teknologi kan användas som strömning och motperspektiv till den klassiska uppställningen med byråkrati och marknad för att beskriva fenomen i digitaliseringens tidsålder. Avhandlingen sätter även pågående trender i ett bredare perspektiv mot både organisation och teknik, och trycker på vikten av att förstå delarna var för sig och tillsammans för att på ett rikare sätt måla upp helheten. The modern society is to a large extent Internet-dependent. Today we rely on the Internet to handle communication for smart doors, self-scanning convenience stores, connected cars, production robots, telephones and ERP-systems. The purpose of this thesis is to unbundle the Internet, its technology, its coordination, and practical and theoretical consequences. Earlier research has, in telecommunications, focused on the Internet as one of many potential telecommunications services, such as cellphones or cable-TV, and the management and information systems field has by and large treated the Internet as black-boxable infrastructure. This thesis explains the Internet from the combined perspectives of technology and coordination. This text contains three empirical studies. The first is focused on conceptualizing and discussing the Internet in a meaningful way using both technology and coordination frameworks. I unceremoniously conclude that the Internet is both a technological and a coordination phenomenon and neither of these aspects can be ignored. The Internet is technological in that it concerns digital packet switched digital communication (as opposed to circuit switched) or purely analog communications. The technological dimension of the Internet is similar in its constituency to classical telecommunications networks, and has best-effort mechanisms for packet delivery. In the other dimension, coordination, the Internet is an explicit bottom-up phenomenon minimally coordinated (or governed) by other ideals than classical telecommunications networks and systems. At its core this least necessary coordination concerns technical unique identifiers necessary for inter-network communication (in practice today manifested as naming with the DNS protocol suite, and numbering with the BGP protocol suite). Both dimensions follow similar design characteristics; the design of the technical Internet is similar to the design of the coordination of the Internet. These design principles, which are well aligned with software design principles, is the cause of the Internet’s layered design (“separation of concerns” in practice) and minimal view of coordination (the “least coordinated Internet”). In general terms it is fruitful to view the Internet and involved actors as an ecology, rather than one organization or entity in need of governance or control. The second study looks at the social resilience of the Internet. That is, is it possible through social means to change what the Internet is or can be viewed as. I use social resilience as a counterpart to technical resilience, i.e. resilience to technical interference. In essence, the bottom-up and separations of concerns design of the coordination aspect of the Internet minimizes possible influence of actors intent on mission disruption. I also practically show that even a take-over of the central councils have little effect the constituency of the Internet, since these councils are not invested with formal powers of enforcement. This thesis suggests that the cost of switching from ICANN and IETF to another set of organizations is quite low due to the nature of the coordination of the Internet, compared to for example, switching all equipment to IPv6 capable equipment. However, the current political situation is a threat to the current Internet regime, since an international and rule-based world order is no longer on all states’ agendas. The final empirical study focus on the practical and theoretical implications of the Internet on the case of net neutrality. The primary contribution is that de facto and de jure net neutrality differ in practice, and as such de facto net neutrality deserves more attention. Also, I suggest that any regulation, either for or against net neutrality, is problematic, since such regulation would interfere with the inherent coordination mechanisms of the Internet. As such regulation should focus on providing the necessary markets for Internet function given the coordination and design of the Internet. As a net neutrality example, net neutral Internet access options should exist as part of a natural service offering if wanted by customers, not due to direct regulation. Throughout the thesis I identify two colliding world orders, both in terms of digital communication networks and terms of organizing society in general: the rule-based and coordinating order with its champions, and the integrated or sovereign order with its champions. In practical terms, the Internet can be considered a want in the former (the distributed perspective), but not the later (the integrative perspective), since the Internet lacks inherent (technical) controls for surveillance and content control which are necessary in a world order where borders are important. Regardless of if that importance stems from state oversight or intellectual property rights legislation. I use these perspectives together with technology, markets and bureaucracy to catch the dynamics of the Internet ecology. I then compare these dynamics with other technological and societal phenomena, such as railway networks, postal services and financial markets. And conclude that the Internet (as conceptualized in this thesis) can best be explained by technological values, in opposite to the other examples which can best by explained by the dynamics of markets and bureaucracies without any real influence of the values of technology. As such, I suggest that the classical frame of markets and bureaucracy can fruitfully be expanded with technology to better explain the Internet and similar digitization phenomena. This thesis puts current trends in a broader perspective based on technology and organization, where the two perspectives together better can draw the full picture in a rich fashion.
Author :fib Fédération internationale du béton Publisher :fib Fédération internationale du béton ISBN 13 :9782883940536 Total Pages :140 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (45 download)
Book Synopsis Nuclear Containments by : fib Fédération internationale du béton
Download or read book Nuclear Containments written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and published by fib Fédération internationale du béton. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was in 1978 that the former FIP (Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte) published a state-of-art report on Containments for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). In 1996 the then FIP Commission 7 Concrete pressure vessels and containments discussed the necessity to up-date this document. After the merger of FIP with CEB (Comité Euro-International du Béton) into fib (fédération internationale du béton - international federation for structural concrete) had taken place in 1998, these activities were continued by a new fib Task-Group 1.3 Containment structures of fib Commission 1 Structures. The decision to update the 1978 report was kept with the intention to give a broad and well illustrated review of existing NPP containments as the most characteristic and complex building of nuclear power plants. Following the description of containments for different reactor systems the state-of-art report includes considerations on safety as the basic purpose of the containment, which underlies all design and construction aspects and necessitates a strict monitoring and inspection program during the whole life of the structure. Regulatory requirements and their evolution as well as recent developments, conceptual and technological, are presented. The report is complemented by two annexes on CD ROM giving some general information (on 160 NPPs built since 19972) and some more detailed data on six typical recent NPP containments. This work has been achieved during the years 1999 and 2000 thanks to the participation of members of fib Commission 1 and particularly of its Task Group 1.3, involving also further invited experts in the nuclear field from many countries all over the world. Comes with 1 CD
Book Synopsis Essentials of Offshore Structures by : D.V. Reddy
Download or read book Essentials of Offshore Structures written by D.V. Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Offshore Structures: Framed and Gravity Platforms examines the engineering ideas and offshore drilling platforms for exploration and production. This book offers a clear and acceptable demonstration of both the theory and application of the relevant procedures of structural, fluid, and geotechnical mechanics to offshore structures. It
Book Synopsis World Product and Income by : Irving B. Kravis
Download or read book World Product and Income written by Irving B. Kravis and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Die-Attach Materials for High Temperature Applications in Microelectronics Packaging by : Kim S. Siow
Download or read book Die-Attach Materials for High Temperature Applications in Microelectronics Packaging written by Kim S. Siow and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the scientific principles, processing conditions, probable failure mechanisms, and a description of reliability performance and equipment required for implementing high-temperature and lead-free die attach materials. In particular, it addresses the use of solder alloys, silver and copper sintering, and transient liquid-phase sintering. While different solder alloys have been used widely in the microelectronics industry, the implementation of sintering silver and transient liquid-phase sintering remains limited to a handful of companies. Hence, the book devotes many chapters to sintering technologies, while simultaneously providing only a cursory coverage of the more widespread techniques employing solder alloys. Addresses the differences between sintering and soldering (the current die-attach technologies), thereby comprehensively addressing principles, methods, and performance of these high-temperature die-attach materials; Emphasizes the industrial perspective, with chapters written by engineers who have hands-on experience using these technologies; Baker Hughes, Bosch and ON Semiconductor, are represented as well as materials suppliers such as Indium; Simultaneously provides the detailed science underlying these technologies by leading academic researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis Methodology of Highway Engineering Structural Design and Construction by : Hanhua Zhu
Download or read book Methodology of Highway Engineering Structural Design and Construction written by Hanhua Zhu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book mainly studies the methodologies of structural design and construction for highway engineering, which are applicable to the overall control and the precise operation of engineering structures. It explores the method of comprehensive analysis, the simplification of complex problems, and the application of typical engineering tools. In turn, the book presents a number of innovative approaches, e.g. the coordinated control of structural deformation method, the theory of underground engineering balance and stability, and the soft soil foundation treatment of “bumping at the bridgehead.” These methodologies are then illustrated in typical cases and representative problems, explained from a practical standpoint. Examples in special settings are also discussed, e.g. highway construction in Tibet, and rebuilding after the Wenchuan earthquake. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all those whose work involves highway engineering design, construction, management, and scientific research.
Book Synopsis Design of Liquid Retaining Concrete Structures by : John P. Forth
Download or read book Design of Liquid Retaining Concrete Structures written by John P. Forth and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of a successful engineering text that provides an interpretation of the more theoretical guidance given in the new suite of Eurocodes for the subject of retaining structures.
Book Synopsis The CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide by : Construction Specifications Institute
Download or read book The CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide written by Construction Specifications Institute and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get the must-have reference on standards and best practices for the delivery of a construction project. The CSI Practice Guides are a library of comprehensive references specifi cally and carefully designed for the construction professional. Each book examines important concepts and best practices integral to a particular aspect of the construction process. Laying the foundation for this series, The CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide provides fundamental knowledge for the documentation, administration, and successful delivery of construction projects. It also serves as the pivotal starting point for understanding CSI's core values, as well as a useful study aid for those wishing to obtain the Construction Documents Technologist certificate. This easy-to-follow guide: Is a great introduction to the construction process for the new practitioner. Functions as a ready reference for the experienced construction professional. Packaged with the book is an access code which allows access to a password-protected web site with bonus content, including a PDF of the printed book and samples of CSI format documents, such as UniFormat and SectionFormat/PageFormat. The CSI Project Delivery Practice Guide offers general information all construction professionals need for understanding their roles in the delivery of a construction project. Key principles are presented and discussed in detail to allow the reader to take full advantage of material covered in depth by the more specialized CSI Practice Guides. If you can own only one Practice Guide, this is the one to get.
Book Synopsis Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating by :
Download or read book Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal-mining Safety in the Progressive Period by : William Graebner
Download or read book Coal-mining Safety in the Progressive Period written by William Graebner and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: