Zoning, Land-Use Planning, and Housing Affordability

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Zoning, Land-Use Planning, and Housing Affordability by : Vanessa Calder

Download or read book Zoning, Land-Use Planning, and Housing Affordability written by Vanessa Calder and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local zoning and land-use regulations have increased substantially over the decades. These constraints on land development within cities and suburbs aim to achieve various safety, environmental, and aesthetic goals. But the regulations have also tended to reduce the supply of housing, including multifamily and low-income housing. With reduced supply, many U.S. cities suffer from housing affordability problems.This study uses regression analysis to examine the link between housing prices and zoning and land-use controls. State and local governments across the country impose substantially different amounts of regulation on land development. The study uses a data set of court decisions on land use and zoning that captures the growth in regulation over time and the large variability between the states. The statistical results show that rising land-use regulation is associated with rising real average home prices in 44 states and that rising zoning regulation is associated with rising real average home prices in 36 states. In general, the states that have increased the amount of rules and restrictions on land use the most have higher housing prices.The federal government spent almost $200 billion to subsidize renting and buying homes in 2015. These subsidies treat a symptom of the underlying problem. But the results of this study indicate that state and local governments can tackle housing affordability problems directly by overhauling their development rules. For example, housing is much more expensive in the Northeast than in the Southeast, and that difference is partly explained by more regulation in the former region. Interestingly, the data show that relatively more federal housing aid flows to states with more restrictive zoning and land-use rules, perhaps because those states have higher housing costs. Federal aid thus creates a disincentive for the states to solve their own housing affordability problems by reducing regulation.

Arbitrary Lines

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Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1642832553
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Arbitrary Lines by : M. Nolan Gray

Download or read book Arbitrary Lines written by M. Nolan Gray and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if scrapping one flawed policy could bring US cities closer to addressing debilitating housing shortages, stunted growth and innovation, persistent racial and economic segregation, and car-dependent development? It’s time for America to move beyond zoning, argues city planner M. Nolan Gray in Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It. With lively explanations and stories, Gray shows why zoning abolition is a necessary—if not sufficient—condition for building more affordable, vibrant, equitable, and sustainable cities. The arbitrary lines of zoning maps across the country have come to dictate where Americans may live and work, forcing cities into a pattern of growth that is segregated and sprawling. The good news is that it doesn’t have to be this way. Reform is in the air, with cities and states across the country critically reevaluating zoning. In cities as diverse as Minneapolis, Fayetteville, and Hartford, the key pillars of zoning are under fire, with apartment bans being scrapped, minimum lot sizes dropping, and off-street parking requirements disappearing altogether. Some American cities—including Houston, America’s fourth-largest city—already make land-use planning work without zoning. In Arbitrary Lines, Gray lays the groundwork for this ambitious cause by clearing up common confusions and myths about how American cities regulate growth and examining the major contemporary critiques of zoning. Gray sets out some of the efforts currently underway to reform zoning and charts how land-use regulation might work in the post-zoning American city. Despite mounting interest, no single book has pulled these threads together for a popular audience. In Arbitrary Lines, Gray fills this gap by showing how zoning has failed to address even our most basic concerns about urban growth over the past century, and how we can think about a new way of planning a more affordable, prosperous, equitable, and sustainable American city.

Zoning Rules!

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781558442887
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Zoning Rules! by : William A. Fischel

Download or read book Zoning Rules! written by William A. Fischel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Zoning has for a century enabled cities to chart their own course. It is a useful and popular institution, enabling homeowners to protect their main investment and provide safe neighborhoods. As home values have soared in recent years, however, this protection has accelerated to the degree that new housing development has become unreasonably difficult and costly. The widespread Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) syndrome is driven by voters’ excessive concern about their home values and creates barriers to growth that reach beyond individual communities. The barriers contribute to suburban sprawl, entrench income and racial segregation, retard regional immigration to the most productive cities, add to national wealth inequality, and slow the growth of the American economy. Some state, federal, and judicial interventions to control local zoning have done more harm than good. More effective approaches would moderate voters’ demand for local-land use regulation—by, for example, curtailing federal tax subsidies to owner-occupied housing"--Publisher's description.

Land Use without Zoning

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538148641
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Land Use without Zoning by : Bernard H. Siegan

Download or read book Land Use without Zoning written by Bernard H. Siegan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conversation about zoning has meandered its way through issues ranging from housing affordability to economic growth to segregation, expanding in the process from a public policy backwater to one of the most discussed policy issues of the day. In his pioneering 1972 study, Land Use Without Zoning, Bernard Siegan first set out what has today emerged as a common-sense perspective: Zoning not only fails to achieve its stated ends of ordering urban growth and separating incompatible uses, but also drives housing costs up and competition down. In no uncertain terms, Siegan concludes, “Zoning has been a failure and should be eliminated!” Drawing on the unique example of Houston—America’s fourth largest city, and its lone dissenter on zoning—Siegan demonstrates how land use will naturally regulate itself in a nonzoned environment. For the most part, Siegan says, markets in Houston manage growth and separate incompatible uses not from the top down, like most zoning regimes, but from the bottom up. This approach yields a result that sets Houston apart from zoned cities: its greater availability of multifamily housing. Indeed, it would seem that the main contribution of zoning is to limit housing production while adding an element of permit chaos to the process. Land Use Without Zoning reports in detail the effects of current exclusionary zoning practices and outlines the benefits that would accrue to cities that forgo municipally imposed zoning laws. Yet the book’s program isn’t merely destructive: beyond a critique of zoning, Siegan sets out a bold new vision for how land-use regulation might work in the United States. Released nearly a half century after the book’s initial publication, this new edition recontextualizes Siegan’s work for our current housing affordability challenges. It includes a new preface by law professor David Schleicher, which explains the book’s role as a foundational text in the law and economics of urban land use and describes how it has informed more recent scholarship. Additionally, it includes a new afterword by urban planner Nolan Gray, which includes new data on Houston’s evolution and land use relative to its peer cities.

Zoning

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429951256
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Zoning by : Elliott Sclar

Download or read book Zoning written by Elliott Sclar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoning is at once a key technical competency of urban planning practice and a highly politicized regulatory tool. How this contradiction between the technical and political is resolved has wide-reaching implications for urban equity and sustainability, two key concerns of urban planning. Moving beyond critiques of zoning as a regulatory hindrance to local affordability or merely the rulebook that guides urban land use, this textbook takes an institutional approach to zoning, positioning its practice within the larger political, social, and economic conflicts that shape local access for diverse groups across urban space. Foregrounding the historical-institutional setting in which zoning is embedded allows planners to more deeply engage with the equity and sustainability issues related to zoning practice. By approaching zoning from a social science and planning perspective, this text engages students of urban planning, policy, and design with several key questions relevant to the realities of zoning and land regulation they encounter in practice. Why has the practice of zoning evolved as it has? How do social and economic institutions shape zoning in contemporary practice? How does zoning relate to the other competencies of planning, such as housing and transport? Where and why has zoning, an act of physical land use regulation, replaced social planning? These questions, grounded in examples and cases, will prompt readers to think critically about the potential and limitations of zoning. By reforging the important links between zoning practice and the concerns of the urban planning profession, this text provides a new framework for considering zoning in the 21st century and beyond.

Reinventing Development Regulations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781558443747
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (437 download)

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Book Synopsis Reinventing Development Regulations by : Jonathan Barnett

Download or read book Reinventing Development Regulations written by Jonathan Barnett and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Relating development to the natural environment -- Managing climate change locally -- Encouraging walking by mixing land uses and housing types -- Preserving historic landmarks and districts -- Creating more affordable housing, promoting environmental justice -- Establishing design principles and standards for public spaces and buildings -- Implementing regulations while safeguarding private property interests

Affordable Housing

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Affordable Housing by : S. Mark White

Download or read book Affordable Housing written by S. Mark White and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a review of regulatory reforms and proactive uses of land use controls that protect public health, safety and welfare while still allowing the production of affordable housing.

A Research Agenda for US Land Use and Planning Law

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1803928204
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis A Research Agenda for US Land Use and Planning Law by : John J. Infranca

Download or read book A Research Agenda for US Land Use and Planning Law written by John J. Infranca and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authoritative and multidisciplinary in approach, this Research Agenda shapes questions that will underpin future legal and empirical scholarly inquiry on zoning and land use regulation in the US. Building on existing debates and providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of academic research, it identifies the gaps which need addressing in future research.

Zoned Out

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136526684
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Zoned Out by : Jonathan Levine

Download or read book Zoned Out written by Jonathan Levine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers have responded to urban sprawl, congestion, and pollution by assessing alternatives such as smart growth, new urbanism, and transit-oriented development. Underlying this has been the presumption that, for these options to be given serious consideration as part of policy reform, science has to prove that they will reduce auto use and increase transit, walking, and other physical activity. Zoned Out forcefully argues that the debate about transportation and land-use planning in the United States has been distorted by a myth?the myth that urban sprawl is the result of a free market. According to this myth, low-density, auto-dependent development dominates U.S. metropolitan areas because that is what Americans prefer. Jonathan Levine confronts the free market myth by pointing out that land development is already one of the most regulated sectors of the U.S. economy. Noting that local governments use their regulatory powers to lower densities, segregate different types of land uses, and mandate large roadways and parking lots, he argues that the design template for urban sprawl is written into the land-use regulations of thousands of municipalities nationwide. These regulations and the skewed thinking that underlies current debate mean that policy innovation, market forces, and the compact-development alternatives they might produce are often 'zoned out' of metropolitan areas. In debunking the market myth, Levine articulates an important paradigm shift. Where people believe that current land-use development is governed by a free-market, any proposal for policy reform is seen as a market intervention and a limitation on consumer choice, and any proposal carries a high burden of scientific proof that it will be effective. By reorienting the debate, Levine shows that the burden of scientific proof that was the lynchpin of transportation and land-use debates has been misassigned, and that, far from impeding market forces or limiting consumer choice, policy reform that removes regulatory obstacles would enhance both. A groundbreaking work in urban planning, transportation and land-use policy, Zoned Out challenges a policy environment in which scientific uncertainty is used to reinforce the status quo of sprawl and its negative consequences for people and their communities.

Planning in the USA

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000905659
Total Pages : 1123 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Planning in the USA by : Roger W. Caves

Download or read book Planning in the USA written by Roger W. Caves and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 1123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively revised and updated, Planning in the USA, fifth edition, continues to provide a comprehensive introduction to the policies, theory, and practice of planning. Outlining land use, urban planning, and environmental protection policies, this fully illustrated book explains the nature of the planning process and the way in which policy issues are identified, defined, and approached. The new edition incorporates new planning legislation and regulations at the state and federal layers of government and examples of local ordinances in a variety of planning areas. New material includes discussions of • education and equity in planning; • the City Beautiful Movement; • Daniel Burnham’s plan for Chicago; • segregation; • Knick v. Township of Scott; • reforming single-family zoning and regulatory challenges in zoning and land use; • Daniel Parolek’s ‘Missing Middle Housing’; • climate change, mitigation, adaptation, and resiliency; • the drinking water crisis in Flint, Michigan; • sharing programs for cars, bicycles, and scooters; • hybrid electric and autonomous vehicles; • Vision Zero; • COVID-19 relief for housing; • Innovation Districts, Promise Zones, and Opportunity Zones; • the sharing, gig, and creative economies; • scenic views and vistas, monuments, statues, and remembering the past; and • healthy cities, Health Impact Assessment, and active living. This detailed account of urbanization in the United States reveals the problematic nature and limitations of the planning process, the fallibility of experts, and the difficulties facing policy-makers in their search for solutions. Planning in the USA, fifth edition, is an essential book for students of urban planning, urban politics, environmental geography, and environment politics. It will be a valuable resource for planners and all who are concerned with the nature of contemporary urban and environmental problems.

Making Housing Affordable

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788119745
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Housing Affordable by : DIANE Publishing Company

Download or read book Making Housing Affordable written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-07 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizes that most states do not easily or readily intervene in local land use matters, such as local zoning, subdivision, building regulations, and impact fees. Identifies specific regulatory issues and practices which directly affect the cost of housing and thereby command state attention and action.

Inclusionary Zoning for Affordable Housing

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Inclusionary Zoning for Affordable Housing by : Douglas R. Porter

Download or read book Inclusionary Zoning for Affordable Housing written by Douglas R. Porter and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Economics of Zoning Laws

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Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801835629
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Zoning Laws by : William A. Fischel

Download or read book The Economics of Zoning Laws written by William A. Fischel and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1987-08 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land use controls can affect the quality of the environment, the provision of public services, the distribution of income and wealth, the development of natural resources, and the growth of the national economy. The Economics of Zoning Laws is the first book to apply the modern economic theory of property rights to all major aspects of zoning. Zoning laws are neither irrational constrints on otherwise efficient markets nor disinterested attempts to correct market failure. Rather, zoning must be viewed as a collective property right, vested in local governments and administered by politicians who rationally repsond to their constituents and to developers as markets for development rights arise. The Economics of Zoning Laws develops the economic theories of property rights and public choice and applies them to three zoning controversies: the siting of a large industrial plant, the exclusionary zoning of the suburbs, and the constitutional protection of propery owners from excessive regulation. Economic and legal theory, William Fischel contends, suggest that payment of damages under the taking clause of the Constitution may provide the most effective remedy for excessive zoning regulations.

Zoned in the USA

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Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801454700
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Zoned in the USA by : Sonia A. Hirt

Download or read book Zoned in the USA written by Sonia A. Hirt and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are American cities, suburbs, and towns so distinct? Compared to European cities, those in the United States are characterized by lower densities and greater distances; neat, geometric layouts; an abundance of green space; a greater level of social segregation reflected in space; and—perhaps most noticeably—a greater share of individual, single-family detached housing. In Zoned in the USA, Sonia A. Hirt argues that zoning laws are among the important but understudied reasons for the cross-continental differences.Hirt shows that rather than being imported from Europe, U.S. municipal zoning law was in fact an institution that quickly developed its own, distinctly American profile. A distinct spatial culture of individualism—founded on an ideal of separate, single-family residences apart from the dirt and turmoil of industrial and agricultural production—has driven much of municipal regulation, defined land-use, and, ultimately, shaped American life. Hirt explores municipal zoning from a comparative and international perspective, drawing on archival resources and contemporary land-use laws from England, Germany, France, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Japan to challenge assumptions about American cities and the laws that guide them.

Urban Planning and the Housing Market

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137464038
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Planning and the Housing Market by : Nicole Gurran

Download or read book Urban Planning and the Housing Market written by Nicole Gurran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book re-examines the role of urban policy and planning in relation to the housing market in an era of global uncertainty and change. The relationship between planning and the housing market is a contested problem across research, policy, and practice. Problems with housing supply and affordability in many nations have been linked to planning system constraints, while the global financial crisis has raised new questions about the role of urban planning regulation and processes in responding to housing market trends. With reference to international cases from the United Kingdom, the United States, Ireland, Hong Kong and Australia, the book examines how different systems of urban planning and governance address complex and dynamic housing market trends. It also offers practical guidance on how urban planning can support an efficient supply of appropriate and affordable homes in preferred locations. A detailed study, which explains and decodes the workings of the planning system and housing market, this book will be of particular interest to scholars of human geography and urban planning, as well as housing policy makers and practitioners. To view Nicole Gurran’s related TEDx talk please visit: Housing Crisis? How about housing solutions. TEDx Sydney 2018 (http://bit.ly/2psfpMw)

Planning Reform in the New Century

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Planning Reform in the New Century by : Daniel R. Mandelker

Download or read book Planning Reform in the New Century written by Daniel R. Mandelker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do urban growth boundaries actually manage growth? How can the chaotic common law of vested rights be tamed? How can we make the development review process fair? Should housing policies be taken out of the hands of local boards? Planning's leading thinkers tackled these questions and others in a December 2004 conference sponsored by the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at the Washington University School of Law and the American Planning Association. ?Planning Reform in the New Century ? is the record of their spirited debate. Planning has reached a turning point. Problems the profession has grappled with for years remain unsolved. Programs once heralded as panaceas are stumbling. Current legislation is inadequate for the demands of the new century. With tough criticisms and bold ideas, these planners, lawyers, and researchers offer their perspectives on the pitfalls and opportunities that await the profession. Their observations on statutory reform, affordable housing, growth management and the role of the comprehensive plan in land-use decisions are a blueprint for planning reform.

Planning for Affordable Single-family Housing

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Planning for Affordable Single-family Housing by :

Download or read book Planning for Affordable Single-family Housing written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: