Holy War in Judaism

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199977151
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Holy War in Judaism by : Reuven Firestone

Download or read book Holy War in Judaism written by Reuven Firestone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holy war, sanctioned or even commanded by God, is a common and recurring theme in the Hebrew Bible. Rabbinic Judaism, however, largely avoided discussion of holy war in the Talmud and related literatures for the simple reason that it became dangerous and self-destructive. Reuven Firestone's Holy War in Judaism is the first book to consider how the concept of ''holy war'' disappeared from Jewish thought for almost 2000 years, only to reemerge with renewed vigor in modern times. The revival of the holy war idea occurred with the rise of Zionism. As the necessity of organized Jewish engagement in military actions developed, Orthodox Jews faced a dilemma. There was great need for all to engage in combat for the survival of the infant state of Israel, but the Talmudic rabbis had virtually eliminated divine authorization for Jews to fight in Jewish armies. Once the notion of divinely sanctioned warring was revived, it became available to Jews who considered that the historical context justified more aggressive forms of warring. Among some Jews, divinely authorized war became associated not only with defense but also with a renewed kibbush or conquest, a term that became central to the discourse regarding war and peace and the lands conquered by the state of Israel in 1967. By the early 1980's, the rhetoric of holy war had entered the general political discourse of modern Israel. In Holy War in Judaism, Firestone identifies, analyzes, and explains the historical, conceptual, and intellectual processes that revived holy war ideas in modern Judaism.

Zionism's War on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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Author :
Publisher : MuslimSchool.com
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Zionism's War on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by : Mohamed Moussa Ghounem

Download or read book Zionism's War on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam written by Mohamed Moussa Ghounem and published by MuslimSchool.com. This book was released on 2024-11-07 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delve into the profound complexities of faith, identity, and geopolitical reality in "Zionism’s War on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam," a groundbreaking exploration by Moussa Mohamed Ghounem. This book offers a critical examination of how Zionism has not only reshaped Jewish identity but has also posed significant challenges to Christianity and Islam, raising urgent questions about the intersection of religion and politics in the modern world. From the very outset, the book provides an insightful introduction into the historical roots of Zionism, exploring the atheistic fears and motivations that propelled its founders—Theodor Herzl, Chaim Weizmann, and David Ben-Gurion—who sought a sovereign Jewish state as a sanctuary from pervasive anti-Semitism. As the narrative unfolds, Ghounem meticulously charts how these secular leaders diverged from traditional religious tenets, arguing that the political ambitions of Zionism often clash with the core values of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Chapter 1, Ghounem outlines the significant theological shifts that have occurred as millions of Christians have converted to what he terms "Israelism." The author draws compelling connections between these conversions and the funding of anti-Christian agendas, highlighting a troubling alliance that endangers the foundational beliefs of both Christianity and Islam. By documenting the extensive support these movements have garnered within the political arena, he reveals how the intertwined fates of these religions and political ideologies shape contemporary conflicts in the Middle East. Chapter 2 digs deep into the heart of the matter, discussing how Zionism fundamentally contradicts the Jewish Bible’s teachings on love, compassion, and the divine mandate for justice. Ghounem passionately argues that the Bible's vision of a "Light to the Nations" has been overshadowed by Zionist nationalism, which emphasizes self-preservation at the expense of others. The book challenges readers to reconsider the ethical implications of modern statehood against a backdrop of historical injustices perpetrated in the name of Zionism. In the subsequent chapters, the author shifts focus to the implications of Christian Zionism, illustrating how contemporary movements exploit biblical prophecies to promote a narrative that prioritizes Israel's political goals over Christian values of peace and compassion. The rise of influential leaders like John Hagee and organizations such as Christians United for Israel is scrutinized for their roles in perpetuating this ideology, often at the cost of ethical and moral integrity. Ghounem’s analysis culminates in a powerful conclusion that calls for a reevaluation of faith and identity in a world fraught with division and conflict. He implores readers to seek unity across faiths, advocating for a collective embrace of the true spirit of their respective traditions—one that transcends political boundaries and promotes justice, compassion, and understanding. This book serves not only as an exposé of the conflicts between Zionism and the core tenets of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam but also as a clarion call for interfaith dialogue and reconciliation. "Zionism’s War on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam" is essential reading for anyone seeking to comprehend the intricate tapestry of religious beliefs and political realities that define our world today. Whether you are a scholar, a practitioner of faith, or a concerned global citizen, Ghounem's compelling narrative will inspire you to reflect deeply on the role of religion in shaping human destiny. Join the conversation and uncover the truths that challenge our understanding of faith, power, and humanity.

Political Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442247568
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam by : Jonathan Fine

Download or read book Political Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam written by Jonathan Fine and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious political violence is by no means a new phenomenon, yet there are critical differences between the various historical instances of such violence and its more current permutations. Since the mid-1970s, religious fundamentalist movements have been seeking to influence world order by participating in local political systems. For example, Islamic fundamentalism is at the heart of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, the Christian fundamental right wing has seen a resurgence in Europe, and Jewish fundamentalism is behind the actions of Meir Kahane’s Kach movement and the settler movement. The shift in recent years from secular to religious political violence necessitates a reevaluation of contemporary political violence and of the concept of religious violence. This text analyzes the evolution of religious political violence, in both historical and contemporary perspectives. Since religious political violent events are usually associated with the term “terrorism,” the book first analyzes the origins of this controversial term and its religious manifestations. It then outlines and highlights the differences between secular and religious political violence, on ideological, strategic, and tactical levels before comparing the concept of Holy War in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Lastly, it shows how modern radical monotheistic religious groups interpret and manipulate their religious sources and ideas to advocate their political agendas, including the practice of violence. A unique comparative study of religious political violence across Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, this text features many international case studies from the Crusades to the Arab Spring.

Christ at the Checkpoint

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Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1610972309
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Christ at the Checkpoint by : April Alexander

Download or read book Christ at the Checkpoint written by April Alexander and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does the evangelical church in Palestine think about the land, the end times, the Holocaust, peace in the Middle East, loving enemies, Christian Zionism, the State of Israel, and the possibilities of a Palestinian state? For the first time ever, Palestinian evangelicals along with evangelicals from the United States and Europe have converged to explore these and other crucial topics. Although Jews, Muslims, and Christians from a variety of traditions have participated in discussions and work regarding Israel and Palestine, this book presents theological, biblical, and political perspectives and arguments from Palestinian evangelicals who are praying, hoping, and working for a just peace for both Israelis and Palestinians.

A Short History of Christian Zionism

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Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830846980
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis A Short History of Christian Zionism by : Donald M. Lewis

Download or read book A Short History of Christian Zionism written by Donald M. Lewis and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian Zionism influences global politics, especially U.S. foreign policy, and has deeply affected Jewish–Christian and Muslim–Christian relations. With a fair-minded, longitudinal study of this dynamic yet controversial movement, Donald M. Lewis traces its lineage from biblical sources through the Reformation to various movements of today.

Zionism

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199766045
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Zionism by : Michael Stanislawski

Download or read book Zionism written by Michael Stanislawski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This Very Short Introduction discloses a history of Zionism from the origins of modern Jewish nationalism in the 1870's to the present. Michael Stanislawski provides a lucid and detached analysis of Zionism, focusing on its internal intellectual and ideological developments and divides"--

The Invention of the Land of Israel

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Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1844679462
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of the Land of Israel by : Shlomo Sand

Download or read book The Invention of the Land of Israel written by Shlomo Sand and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a homeland and when does it become a national territory? Why have so many people been willing to die for such places throughout the twentieth century? What is the essence of the Promised Land? Following the acclaimed and controversial The Invention of the Jewish People, Shlomo Sand examines the mysterious sacred land that has become the site of the longest-running national struggle of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Invention of the Land of Israel deconstructs the age-old legends surrounding the Holy Land and the prejudices that continue to suffocate it. Sand’s account dissects the concept of “historical right” and tracks the creation of the modern concept of the “Land of Israel” by nineteenth-century Evangelical Protestants and Jewish Zionists. This invention, he argues, not only facilitated the colonization of the Middle East and the establishment of the State of Israel; it is also threatening the existence of the Jewish state today.

A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 052176937X
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East by : Heather J. Sharkey

Download or read book A History of Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Middle East written by Heather J. Sharkey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the history of conflict and contact between Muslims, Christians, and Jews in the Ottoman Middle East prior to 1914.

Jihād

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195125800
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Jihād by : Reuven Firestone

Download or read book Jihād written by Reuven Firestone and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cauldron in which this mixture produced its new product was Medina, where various forces came together to produce the religious community of Muslims known as the Umma."--BOOK JACKET.

The Jewish Enlightenment

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812200942
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Jewish Enlightenment by : Shmuel Feiner

Download or read book The Jewish Enlightenment written by Shmuel Feiner and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-08-17 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the eighteenth century most European Jews lived in restricted settlements and urban ghettos, isolated from the surrounding dominant Christian cultures not only by law but also by language, custom, and dress. By the end of the century urban, upwardly mobile Jews had shaved their beards and abandoned Yiddish in favor of the languages of the countries in which they lived. They began to participate in secular culture and they embraced rationalism and non-Jewish education as supplements to traditional Talmudic studies. The full participation of Jews in modern Europe and America would be unthinkable without the intellectual and social revolution that was the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. Unparalleled in scale and comprehensiveness, The Jewish Enlightenment reconstructs the intellectual and social revolution of the Haskalah as it gradually gathered momentum throughout the eighteenth century. Relying on a huge range of previously unexplored sources, Shmuel Feiner fully views the Haskalah as the Jewish version of the European Enlightenment and, as such, a movement that cannot be isolated from broader eighteenth-century European traditions. Critically, he views the Haskalah as a truly European phenomenon and not one simply centered in Germany. He also shows how the republic of letters in European Jewry provided an avenue of secularization for Jewish society and culture, sowing the seeds of Jewish liberalism and modern ideology and sparking the Orthodox counterreaction that culminated in a clash of cultures within the Jewish community. The Haskalah's confrontations with its opponents within Jewry constitute one of the most fascinating chapters in the history of the dramatic and traumatic encounter between the Jews and modernity. The Haskalah is one of the central topics in modern Jewish historiography. With its scope, erudition, and new analysis, The Jewish Enlightenment now provides the most comprehensive treatment of this major cultural movement.

Lives in Common

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199396264
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Lives in Common by : Menachem Klein

Download or read book Lives in Common written by Menachem Klein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most books dealing with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict see events through the eyes of policy-makers, generals or diplomats. Menachem Klein offers an illuminating alternative by telling the intertwined histories, from street level upwards, of three cities-Jerusalem, Jaffa, and Hebron-and their intermingled Jewish, Muslim and Christian inhabitants, from the nineteenth century to the present. Each of them was and still is a mixed city. Jerusalem and Hebron are holy places, while Jaffa till 1948 was Palestine's principal city and main port of entry. Klein portrays a society in the late Ottoman period in which Jewish-Arab interactions were intense, frequent, and meaningful, before the onset of segregation and separation gradually occurred in the Mandate era. The unequal power relations and increasing violence between Jews and Arabs from 1948 onwards are also scrutinised. Throughout, Klein bases his writing not on the official record but rather on a hitherto hidden private world of Jewish-Arab encounters, including marriages and squabbles, kindnesses and cruelties, as set out in dozens of memoirs, diaries, biographies and testimonies. Lives in Common brings together the voices of Jews and Arabs in a mosaic of fascinating stories, of lived experiences and of the major personalities that shaped them over the last 150 years. Most books dealing with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict see events through the eyes of policy-makers, generals or diplomats. Menachem Klein offers an illuminating alternative by telling the intertwined histories, from street level upwards, of three cities-Jerusalem, Jaffa, and Hebron-and their intermingled Jewish, Muslim and Christian inhabitants, from the nineteenth century to the present. Each of them was and still is a mixed city. Jerusalem and Hebron are holy places, while Jaffa till 1948 was Palestine's principal city and main port of entry. Klein portrays a society in the late Ottoman period in which Jewish-Arab interactions were intense, frequent, and meaningful, before the onset of segregation and separation gradually occurred in the Mandate era. The unequal power relations and increasing violence between Jews and Arabs from 1948 onwards are also scrutinised. Throughout, Klein bases his writing not on the official record but rather on a hitherto hidden private world of Jewish-Arab encounters, including marriages and squabbles, kindnesses and cruelties, as set out in dozens of memoirs, diaries, biographies and testimonies. Lives in Common brings together the voices of Jews and Arabs in a mosaic of fascinating stories, of lived experiences and of the major personalities that shaped them over the last 150 years.

Dangerous Liaisons

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781835633403
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Dangerous Liaisons by : Rumy Hasan

Download or read book Dangerous Liaisons written by Rumy Hasan and published by . This book was released on 2024-06-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Parting Ways

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231517955
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Parting Ways by : Judith Butler

Download or read book Parting Ways written by Judith Butler and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judith Butler follows Edward Said's late suggestion that through a consideration of Palestinian dispossession in relation to Jewish diasporic traditions a new ethos can be forged for a one-state solution. Butler engages Jewish philosophical positions to articulate a critique of political Zionism and its practices of illegitimate state violence, nationalism, and state-sponsored racism. At the same time, she moves beyond communitarian frameworks, including Jewish ones, that fail to arrive at a radical democratic notion of political cohabitation. Butler engages thinkers such as Edward Said, Emmanuel Levinas, Hannah Arendt, Primo Levi, Martin Buber, Walter Benjamin, and Mahmoud Darwish as she articulates a new political ethic. In her view, it is as important to dispute Israel's claim to represent the Jewish people as it is to show that a narrowly Jewish framework cannot suffice as a basis for an ultimate critique of Zionism. She promotes an ethical position in which the obligations of cohabitation do not derive from cultural sameness but from the unchosen character of social plurality. Recovering the arguments of Jewish thinkers who offered criticisms of Zionism or whose work could be used for such a purpose, Butler disputes the specific charge of anti-Semitic self-hatred often leveled against Jewish critiques of Israel. Her political ethic relies on a vision of cohabitation that thinks anew about binationalism and exposes the limits of a communitarian framework to overcome the colonial legacy of Zionism. Her own engagements with Edward Said and Mahmoud Darwish form an important point of departure and conclusion for her engagement with some key forms of thought derived in part from Jewish resources, but always in relation to the non-Jew. Butler considers the rights of the dispossessed, the necessity of plural cohabitation, and the dangers of arbitrary state violence, showing how they can be extended to a critique of Zionism, even when that is not their explicit aim. She revisits and affirms Edward Said's late proposals for a one-state solution within the ethos of binationalism. Butler's startling suggestion: Jewish ethics not only demand a critique of Zionism, but must transcend its exclusive Jewishness in order to realize the ethical and political ideals of living together in radical democracy.

A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400849136
Total Pages : 1153 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations by : Abdelwahab Meddeb

Download or read book A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations written by Abdelwahab Meddeb and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 1153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first encylopedic guide to the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world This is the first encyclopedic guide to the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world from the birth of Islam to today. Richly illustrated and beautifully produced, the book features more than 150 authoritative and accessible articles by an international team of leading experts in history, politics, literature, anthropology, and philosophy. Organized thematically and chronologically, this indispensable reference provides critical facts and balanced context for greater historical understanding and a more informed dialogue between Jews and Muslims. Part I covers the medieval period; Part II, the early modern period through the nineteenth century, in the Ottoman Empire, Africa, Asia, and Europe; Part III, the twentieth century, including the exile of Jews from the Muslim world, Jews and Muslims in Israel, and Jewish-Muslim politics; and Part IV, intersections between Jewish and Muslim origins, philosophy, scholarship, art, ritual, and beliefs. The main articles address major topics such as the Jews of Arabia at the origin of Islam; special profiles cover important individuals and places; and excerpts from primary sources provide contemporary views on historical events. Contributors include Mark R. Cohen, Alain Dieckhoff, Michael Laskier, Vera Moreen, Gordon D. Newby, Marina Rustow, Daniel Schroeter, Kirsten Schulze, Mark Tessler, John Tolan, Gilles Veinstein, and many more. Covers the history of relations between Jews and Muslims around the world from the birth of Islam to today Written by an international team of leading scholars Features in-depth articles on social, political, and cultural history Includes profiles of important people (Eliyahu Capsali, Joseph Nasi, Mohammed V, Martin Buber, Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin, Edward Said, Messali Hadj, Mahmoud Darwish) and places (Jerusalem, Alexandria, Baghdad) Presents passages from essential documents of each historical period, such as the Cairo Geniza, Al-Sira, and Judeo-Persian illuminated manuscripts Richly illustrated with more than 250 images, including maps and color photographs Includes extensive cross-references, bibliographies, and an index

Defining Neighbors

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140085265X
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Defining Neighbors by : Jonathan Marc Gribetz

Download or read book Defining Neighbors written by Jonathan Marc Gribetz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-22 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How religion and race—not nationalism—shaped early encounters between Zionists and Arabs in Palestine As the Israeli-Palestinian conflict persists, aspiring peacemakers continue to search for the precise territorial dividing line that will satisfy both Israeli and Palestinian nationalist demands. The prevailing view assumes that this struggle is nothing more than a dispute over real estate. Defining Neighbors boldly challenges this view, shedding new light on how Zionists and Arabs understood each other in the earliest years of Zionist settlement in Palestine and suggesting that the current singular focus on boundaries misses key elements of the conflict. Drawing on archival documents as well as newspapers and other print media from the final decades of Ottoman rule, Jonathan Gribetz argues that Zionists and Arabs in pre–World War I Palestine and the broader Middle East did not think of one another or interpret each other's actions primarily in terms of territory or nationalism. Rather, they tended to view their neighbors in religious terms—as Jews, Christians, or Muslims—or as members of "scientifically" defined races—Jewish, Arab, Semitic, or otherwise. Gribetz shows how these communities perceived one another, not as strangers vying for possession of a land that each regarded as exclusively their own, but rather as deeply familiar, if at times mythologized or distorted, others. Overturning conventional wisdom about the origins of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Gribetz demonstrates how the seemingly intractable nationalist contest in Israel and Palestine was, at its start, conceived of in very different terms. Courageous and deeply compelling, Defining Neighbors is a landmark book that fundamentally recasts our understanding of the modern Jewish-Arab encounter and of the Middle East conflict today.

The Invention of the Jewish People

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Author :
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 178168362X
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (816 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of the Jewish People by : Shlomo Sand

Download or read book The Invention of the Jewish People written by Shlomo Sand and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical tour de force, The Invention of the Jewish People offers a groundbreaking account of Jewish and Israeli history. Exploding the myth that there was a forced Jewish exile in the first century at the hands of the Romans, Israeli historian Shlomo Sand argues that most modern Jews descend from converts, whose native lands were scattered across the Middle East and Eastern Europe. In this iconoclastic work, which spent nineteen weeks on the Israeli bestseller list and won the coveted Aujourd'hui Award in France, Sand provides the intellectual foundations for a new vision of Israel's future.

The Peace and Violence of Judaism

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199792941
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis The Peace and Violence of Judaism by : Robert Eisen

Download or read book The Peace and Violence of Judaism written by Robert Eisen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious violence has become one of the most pressing issues of our time. Robert Eisen provides the first comprehensive analysis of Jewish views on peace and violence by examining texts in five major areas of Judaism - the Bible, rabbinic Judaism, medieval Jewish philosophy, Kabbalah, and modern Zionism. He demonstrates that throughout its history, Judaism has consistently exhibited ambiguity regarding peace and violence. To make his case, Eisen presents two distinct analyses of the texts in each of the areas under consideration: one which argues that the texts in question promote violence toward non-Jews, and another which argues that the texts promote peace. His aim is to show that both readings are valid and authentic interpretations of Judaism. Eisen also explores why Judaism can be read both ways by examining the interpretive techniques that support each reading. The Peace and Violence of Judaism will be an essential resource not only for students of Judaism, but for students of other religions. Many religions exhibit ambiguity regarding peace and violence. This study provides a model for analyzing this important phenomenon.