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X Ray Optics Design Performance And Applications
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Author :Ali M. Khounsary Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :380 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis X-ray Optics Design, Performance, and Applications by : Ali M. Khounsary
Download or read book X-ray Optics Design, Performance, and Applications written by Ali M. Khounsary and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1999 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis X-Ray Spectrometry by : Kouichi Tsuji
Download or read book X-Ray Spectrometry written by Kouichi Tsuji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-Ray Spectrometry: Recent Technological Advances covers the latest developments and areas of research in the methodological and instrumental aspects of x-ray spectrometry. Includes the most advanced and high-tech aspects of the chemical analysis techniques based on x-rays Introduces new types of X-ray optics and X-ray detectors, covering history, principles, characteristics and future trends Written by internationally recognized scientists, all of whom are eminent specialists in each of the sub-fields Sections include: X-Ray Sources, X-Ray Optics, X-Ray Detectors, Special Configurations, New Computerization Methods, New Applications This valuable book will assist all analytical chemists and other users of x-ray spectrometry to fully exploit the capabilities of this set of powerful analytical tools and to further expand applications in such fields as material and environmental sciences, medicine, toxicology, forensics, archaeometry and many others.
Book Synopsis Bendable X-ray Optics at the ALS by :
Download or read book Bendable X-ray Optics at the ALS written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the development at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) of bendable x-ray optics widely used for focusing of beams of soft and hard x-rays. Typically, the focusing is divided in the tangential and sagittal directions into two elliptically cylindrical reflecting elements, the so-called Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) pair [1]. Because fabrication of elliptical surfaces is complicated, the cost of directly fabricated tangential elliptical cylinders is often prohibitive. This is in contrast to flat optics, that are simpler to manufacture and easier to measure by conventional interferometry. The figure of a flat substrate can be changed by placing torques (couples) at each end. Equal couples form a tangential cylinder, and unequal couples can approximate a tangential ellipse or parabola. We review the nature of the bending, requirements and approaches to the mechanical design, and describe a technique developed at the ALS Optical Metrology Laboratory (OML) for optimal tuning of bendable mirrors before installation in the beamline [2]. The tuning technique adapts a method previously used to adjust bendable mirrors on synchrotron radiation beamlines [3]. However, in our case, optimal tuning of a bendable mirror is based on surface slope trace data obtained with a slope measuring instrument--in our case, the long trace profiler (LTP). We show that due to the near linearity of the bending problem, the minimal set of data, necessary for tuning of two benders, consists of only three slope traces measured before and after a single adjustment of each bending couple. We provide an algorithm that was used in dedicated software for finding optimal settings for the mirror benders. The algorithm is based on the method of regression analysis with experimentally found characteristic functions of the benders. The resulting approximation to the functional dependence of the desired slope shape provides nearly final settings for the benders. Moreover, the characteristic functions of the benders found in the course of tuning, can be used for retuning of the optics to a new desired shape without removing it from the beamline and re-measuring with the LTP. The result of practical use of the developed technique to precisely tune a KB mirror used at the ALS for micro-focusing is also presented. We also describe a simple ray trace using the profiler data which shows expected performance in the beamline and compare the simulation with experimental data. In summary, we also discuss the next steps in the systematic improvement of optical performance for the application of KB pairs in synchrotron beamlines at the ALS.
Book Synopsis X-ray waveguide optics by : Sarah Hoffmann-Urlaub
Download or read book X-ray waveguide optics written by Sarah Hoffmann-Urlaub and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern x-ray sources and analysis techniques such as lens less imaging combined with phase retrieval algorithms allow for resolving structure sizes in the nanometer range. For this purpose optics have to be employed, ensuring small focal spot dimensions simultaneously with high photon densities. Furthermore, the wave front behind the optics is required to be smooth enabling for high resolution imaging. Combining all these properties, x-ray waveguides are well suited to perform this task, since the intensity distribution behind the guide is restricted in two dimensions serving as a secondary quasi point-source without wave-front aberrations, showing also a high divergence, suitable for resolving fine features. Importantly, the radiation provided by the waveguide reveals a high degree of coherence, required by many imaging techniques. The waveguide itself consists of an air-filled channel embedded in a solid matrix; typical materials are silicon, germanium or quartz. While the entrance area is nano-sized, the channel length is in the millimeter-range, this way posing challenges to fabricate high aspect ratio geometries. Since the functioning of x-ray waveguides is based on the total reflection at small incident angles, the surface roughness of the channel walls must be as low as possible to avoid scattering and hence loss of intensity. To fulfill these demanding conditions, a process scheme involving spin-coating, electron beam lithography, wet development, reactive ion etching and wafer bonding is optimized within this work. To gain deeper insights into the principle of wave guiding finite difference simulations are performed, also opening access for advanced design considerations such as gratings, tapered and curved channels, or beamsplitters, enabling for constructing novel x-ray tools as for example time delay devices or interferometers. Waveguides in all geometries are tested at synchrotron sources, accomplishing new benchmarks in x-ray optical performance. Here, the x-ray beam leaving the channel, propagates out to a pixel array detector in the far-field region. From the recorded data the intensity distribution in the near-field directly behind the waveguide is reconstructed, revealing an outstanding agreement with the simulations and electron micrographs. Since the radiation field of the waveguide is well-characterized and also tunable to meet the requirements of both the measurement setup and the sample, they are suited of a broad field of applications in coherent x-ray imaging.
Book Synopsis Design and Development of Multilayer X-ray Optics by : Singam Srikanth Panini
Download or read book Design and Development of Multilayer X-ray Optics written by Singam Srikanth Panini and published by . This book was released on 2023-02-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilayer X-ray optics design and development involves the creation of advanced optical elements that utilize thin films of alternating high and low atomic number materials to reflect and manipulate X-rays. These multilayer optics are crucial for various X-ray imaging and spectroscopy applications, including medical imaging, materials science, and astronomical observations. The design of multilayer X-ray optics involves simulations and optimization of the film thickness and material properties to achieve the desired reflectivity and performance. The development of these optics requires precise fabrication techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy or sputtering, to create thin film layers with high uniformity and accuracy. The resulting multilayer X-ray optics have the potential to greatly enhance the capabilities of X-ray systems and enable new scientific discoveries.
Download or read book X-Ray Optics written by Yuri Shvyd'ko and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of x rays has moved in the forefront of science and technology in the second half of the 20th century. This progress has been greatly stimulated by the advent of synchrotron x-ray sources in the 1960s. The undulator-based synchrotron radiation sources which have appeared in the last decade of the 20th century gave a new impetus to such development. The brilliance of the x-ray sources has increased by 12 orders of magnitude in 40 years and this trend does not show any signs of stagnation. The future x-ray sources of the 21th century based on free-electron lasers driven by linear accelerators will provide sub-picosecond radiation pulses with by many orders of magnitude higher brilliance and full transverse coherence. The x-ray sources of the newest generation offer a possibility to realize more than ever before the great potential of x-ray optics and, as a consequence, to elaborate new sophisticated instrumentation with unprecedented resolution and eventually to move in new directions of research in x-ray technology, materials science, fundamental physics, life sciences, etc.
Author :Andreas K. Freund Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :350 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Advances in X-ray Optics by : Andreas K. Freund
Download or read book Advances in X-ray Optics written by Andreas K. Freund and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2001 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications by : Carolyn A. MacDonald
Download or read book An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications written by Carolyn A. MacDonald and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Carolyn A. MacDonald provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of a wide range of x-ray applications, optics, and analysis tools. Theory is applied to practical considerations of optics and applications ranging from astronomy to medical imaging and materials analysis. Emphasizing common physical concepts that underpin diverse phenomena and applications of x-ray physics, the book opens with a look at nuclear medicine, motivating further investigations into scattering, detection, and noise statistics. The second section explores topics in x-ray generation, including characteristic emission, x-ray fluorescence analysis, bremsstrahlung emission, and synchrotron and laser sources. The third section details the main forms of interaction, including the physics of photoelectric absorption, coherent and Compton scattering, diffraction, and refractive, reflective, and diffractive optics. Applications in this section include x-ray spectroscopy, crystallography, and dose and contrast in radiography. A bibliography is included at the end of every chapter, and solutions to chapter problems are provided in the appendix. Based on a course for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and related sciences and also intended for researchers, An Introduction to X-Ray Physics, Optics, and Applications offers a thorough survey of the physics of x-ray generation and of interaction with materials. Common aspects of diverse phenomena emphasized Theoretical development tied to practical applications Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics or related sciences, as well as researchers Examples and problems include applications drawn from medicine, astronomy, and materials analysis Detailed solutions are provided for all examples and problems
Download or read book X-ray Optics written by A. Authier and published by Springer. This book was released on 1977 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced X-ray Detector Technologies by : Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski
Download or read book Advanced X-ray Detector Technologies written by Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-10 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detectors for X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and perovskites, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. Authors discuss material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics by : Cosimo Bambi
Download or read book Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 5912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Smart X-ray Optics for Large and Small Scale Applications by : Charlotte Hannah Feldman
Download or read book Smart X-ray Optics for Large and Small Scale Applications written by Charlotte Hannah Feldman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Smart X-ray Optics project is a UK based consortium of eight institutions investigatingactive/adaptive X-ray optics for both large and small scale applications. The consortium is funded by a basic technology grant from the Engineering andPhysical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). The large scale application is aimed towards future high angular resolution, largeX-ray telescopes for X-ray astronomy. The first prototype mirror incorporates piezoelectricdevices to a standard X-ray shell to enable the surface to be actively deformed. The aim is to achieve an angular resolution better than that currentlyavailable (e.g. Chandra 0.5?). The initial design is based on a thin nickel ellipsoidsegment on the back of which a series of thirty, curved piezoelectric actuators havebeen bonded. The small scale application is aimed at providing an X-ray focusing device, capableof producing a focused spot of?10?m, the same size as an average biological cellfor cancer research and studies. Current small scale devices, zone plates, are limitedby their focal length and aperture, and cannot be used at energies greater than1keV . In order to increase the workable X-ray energies, whilst still providing smallspot sizes over short distances, a new optic was designed. Micro Optical Arrays arebased on polycapillary or Micro Channel Plate optics (MCPs) and consist of a seriesof parallel channels, etched into silicon wafers. By the attachment of piezoelectricdevices, a device with a variable focal length can be created. The work presented within this thesis describes the design, metrology, modellingand X-ray testing of the first large adaptive X-ray optic and the theory, modellingand X-ray testing of the small scale optic. Summaries, conclusions and future workare also outlined.
Book Synopsis Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics by : Alexei Erko
Download or read book Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics written by Alexei Erko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes modern developments in reflective, refractive and diffractive optics for short wavelength radiation. It also covers recent theoretical approaches to modelling and ray-tracing the x-ray and neutron optical systems. It is based on the joint research activities of specialists in x-ray and neutron optics, working together under the framework of the European Programme for Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST, Action P7) in the period 2002-2006.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation by : Settimio Mobilio
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation written by Settimio Mobilio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-06 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation is today extensively used for fundamental and applied research in many different fields of science. Its exceptional characteristics in terms of intensity, brilliance, spectral range, time structure and now also coherence pushed many experimental techniques to previously un-reachable limits, enabling the performance of experiments unbelievable only few years ago. The book gives an up-to-date overview of synchrotron radiation research today with a view to the future, starting from its generation and sources, its interaction with matter, illustrating the main experimental technique employed and provides an overview of the main fields of research in which new and innovative results are obtained. The book is addressed to PhD students and young researchers to provide both an introductory and a rather deep knowledge of the field. It will also be helpful to experienced researcher who want to approach the field in a professional way.
Book Synopsis X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis 1992, Proceedings of the 13th INT Conference, 31 August-4 September 1992, Manchester, UK by : P.B. Kenway
Download or read book X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis 1992, Proceedings of the 13th INT Conference, 31 August-4 September 1992, Manchester, UK written by P.B. Kenway and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first ICXOM congress held in Cambridge was the brain-child of Dr. Ellis Cosslett, founder of the Electron Optics Section of the Cavendish Laboratory. Dr. Cosslett pioneered research in x-ray optics and microanalysis and retained a close interest in all subject applications for this area of research, including physics, materials science, chemistry, and biology. X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis 1992 was held in his memory. At a special symposium, friends and colleagues reviewed the present status of research in x-ray optics and microanalysis. S.J. Pennycook of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, D.B. Williams of Lehigh University, J.A. Venables et al. of Arizona State University and Sussex University, and C. Jacobsen et al. of SUNY, Stony Brook are among the researchers whose papers are included in this volume.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
