X Ray And Neutron Reflectivity Principles And Applications

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X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity

Author : Jean Daillant
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540885889
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity by : Jean Daillant

Download or read book X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ways in which the magnetic interaction between neutrons and magnetic moments can yield information on the magnetization densities of thin ?lms and multilayers. I commend the organizers for having organized a group of expert lecturers to present this subject in a detailed but clear fashion, as the importance of the subject deserves. Argonne, IL S. K. Sinha Contents 1 The Interaction of X-Rays (and Neutrons) with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 F. de Bergevin 1. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Generalities and De?nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 3 From the Scattering by an Object to the Propagation in a Medium . 14 1. 4 X-Rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1. 5 X-Rays: Anisotropic Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1. A Appendix: the Born Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2 Statistical Aspects of Wave Scattering at Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 A. Sentenac and J. Daillant 2. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2. 2 Description of Randomly Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2. 3 Description of a Surface Scattering Experiment, Coherence Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2. 4 Statistical Formulation of the Diffraction Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 2. 5 Statistical Formulation of the Scattered Intensity Under the Born Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3 Specular Re?ectivity from Smooth and Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A. Gibaud and G. Vignaud 3. 1 The Re?ected Intensity from an Ideally Flat Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3. 2 X-Ray Re?ectivity in Strati?ed Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3. 3 From Dynamical to Kinematical Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3. 4 In?uence of the Roughness on the Matrix Coef?cients . . . . . . . . . . 111 3. A Appendix: The Treatment of Roughness in Specular Re?ectivity . . 113 3. B Appendix: Inversion of re?ectivity data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications

Author : Jean Daillant
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540486968
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications by : Jean Daillant

Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.

X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Download or read book X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity

Author : Jean Daillant
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540885870
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity by : Jean Daillant

Download or read book X-ray and Neutron Reflectivity written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ways in which the magnetic interaction between neutrons and magnetic moments can yield information on the magnetization densities of thin ?lms and multilayers. I commend the organizers for having organized a group of expert lecturers to present this subject in a detailed but clear fashion, as the importance of the subject deserves. Argonne, IL S. K. Sinha Contents 1 The Interaction of X-Rays (and Neutrons) with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 F. de Bergevin 1. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Generalities and De?nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. 3 From the Scattering by an Object to the Propagation in a Medium . 14 1. 4 X-Rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1. 5 X-Rays: Anisotropic Scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 1. A Appendix: the Born Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2 Statistical Aspects of Wave Scattering at Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 A. Sentenac and J. Daillant 2. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2. 2 Description of Randomly Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 2. 3 Description of a Surface Scattering Experiment, Coherence Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2. 4 Statistical Formulation of the Diffraction Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 2. 5 Statistical Formulation of the Scattered Intensity Under the Born Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 3 Specular Re?ectivity from Smooth and Rough Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A. Gibaud and G. Vignaud 3. 1 The Re?ected Intensity from an Ideally Flat Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 3. 2 X-Ray Re?ectivity in Strati?ed Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3. 3 From Dynamical to Kinematical Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 3. 4 In?uence of the Roughness on the Matrix Coef?cients . . . . . . . . . . 111 3. A Appendix: The Treatment of Roughness in Specular Re?ectivity . . 113 3. B Appendix: Inversion of re?ectivity data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences

Author : Liyuan Liang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387094164
Total Pages : 641 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences by : Liyuan Liang

Download or read book Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences written by Liyuan Liang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences offers a comprehensive overview of the wide ranging applications of neutron scattering techniques to elucidate the fundamental materials properties at the nano-, micro- and meso-scale, which underpin research in the related fields of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences. Introductions to neutron scattering fundamentals and instrumentation are paired with a thorough review of the applications to a large variety of scientific and technological problems, written through the direct experience of leading scientists in each field. Tailored to a wide audience, this volume provides the novice with an inspiring introduction and stimulates the expert to consider these non-conventional problem solving techniques in his/her field of interest. Earth and environmental scientists, engineers, researchers and graduate students involved with materials science will find Neutron Applications in Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences a valuable ready-to-use reference.

Small-Angle Scattering

Author : Ian W. Hamley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119768349
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Small-Angle Scattering by : Ian W. Hamley

Download or read book Small-Angle Scattering written by Ian W. Hamley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING A comprehensive and timely volume covering contemporary research, practical techniques, and theoretical approaches to SAXS and SANS Small-Angle Scattering: Theory, Instrumentation, Data, and Applications provides authoritative coverage of both small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and grazing incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) including GISAXS and GISANS. This single-volume resource offers readers an up-to-date view of the state of the field, including the theoretical foundations, experimental methods, and practical applications of small-angle scattering (SAS) techniques including laboratory and synchrotron SAXS and reactor/spallation SANS. Organized into six chapters, the text first describes basic theory, instrumentation, and data analysis. The following chapters contain in-depth discussion on various applications of SAXS and SANS and GISAXS and GISANS, and on specific techniques for investigating structure and order in soft materials, biomolecules, and inorganic and magnetic materials. Author Ian Hamley draws from his more than thirty years’ experience working with many systems, instruments, and types of small-angle scattering experiments across most European facilities to present the most complete introduction to the field available. This book: Presents uniquely broad coverage of practical and theoretical approaches to SAXS and SANS Includes practical information on instrumentation and data analysis Offers useful examples and an accessible and concise presentation of topics Covers new developments in the techniques of SAXS and SANS, including GISAXS and GISANS Small-Angle Scattering: Theory, Instrumentation, Data, and Applications is a valuable source of detailed information for researchers and postgraduate students in the field, as well as other researchers using X-ray and neutron scattering to investigate soft materials, other nanostructured materials and biomolecules such as proteins.

Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science

Author : Professor of Materials Science Ryong-Joon Roe
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9780195113211
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science by : Professor of Materials Science Ryong-Joon Roe

Download or read book Methods of X-ray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science written by Professor of Materials Science Ryong-Joon Roe and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2000 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Also, to help students gain a unified view of diffraction, the distinction between wide-angle diffraction and small-angle scattering is postponed until late in the text."--BOOK JACKET.

Characterization of Biological Membranes

Author : Mu-Ping Nieh
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110544652
Total Pages : 647 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Biological Membranes by : Mu-Ping Nieh

Download or read book Characterization of Biological Membranes written by Mu-Ping Nieh and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of membranes has become of high importance in the fields of biology, pharmaceutical chemistry and medicine, since much of what happens in a cell or in a virus involves biological membranes. The current book is an excellent introduction to the area, which explains how modern analytical methods can be applied to study biological membranes and membrane proteins and the bioprocesses they are involved to.

Handbook of Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation

Author : Nathan Ida
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319265520
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (655 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation by : Nathan Ida

Download or read book Handbook of Advanced Nondestructive Evaluation written by Nathan Ida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a comprehensive source of information on all aspects of non-destructive testing (NDT), for use by professionals, educators, and most of all, by the practitioners of testing. The art of NDT consists of dozens of methods, some classical, and some emerging. As the pace of industrial work and discovery intensifies and materials are utilized to their physical limits, the role of NDT becomes ever more important. As a result, the methods of testing are themselves evolving, and it is the intent of this book to capture this evolution. Handbook of Modern Non-Destructive Testing broadens the scope from traditional books on the subject. In addition to classical, emerging and exotic methods of evaluation, the book will also cover the use of NDT techniques in other fields, such as archaeology or resource exploration. With contributions from experts in all areas of the field, the reader will find balanced coverage of a variety of testing methods, with no bias against or endorsements of any particular method. The book treats many areas in depth, covering all aspects of testing, and will include case studies where appropriate. Additional coverage of statistical methods and their use, as well as simulations‘ role in testing and test design, are included.

Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces

Author : Peter S. Pershan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521814014
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces by : Peter S. Pershan

Download or read book Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces written by Peter S. Pershan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide for graduate students and researchers on all aspects of x-ray scattering experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123978149
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics by :

Download or read book Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special volume of Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics details the current theory, experiments, and applications of neutron and x-ray optics and microscopy for an international readership across varying backgrounds and disciplines. Edited by Dr. Ted Cremer, these volumes attempt to provide rapid assimilation of the presented topics that include neutron and x-ray scatter, refraction, diffraction, and reflection and their potential application. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Theoretical Concepts of X-Ray Nanoscale Analysis

Author : Andrei Benediktovich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642381774
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Theoretical Concepts of X-Ray Nanoscale Analysis by : Andrei Benediktovich

Download or read book Theoretical Concepts of X-Ray Nanoscale Analysis written by Andrei Benediktovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise survey of modern theoretical concepts of X-ray materials analysis. The principle features of the book are: basics of X-ray scattering, interaction between X-rays and matter and new theoretical concepts of X-ray scattering. The various X-ray techniques are considered in detail: high-resolution X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray residual stress analysis. All the theoretical methods presented use the unified physical approach. This makes the book especially useful for readers learning and performing data analysis with different techniques. The theory is applicable to studies of bulk materials of all kinds, including single crystals and polycrystals as well as to surface studies under grazing incidence. The book appeals to researchers and graduate students alike.

Neutron and X-ray Spectroscopy

Author : Françoise Hippert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402033370
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron and X-ray Spectroscopy by : Françoise Hippert

Download or read book Neutron and X-ray Spectroscopy written by Françoise Hippert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-08 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Up-to-date account of the principles and practice of inelastic and spectroscopic methods available at neutron and synchrotron sources - Multi-technique approach set around a central theme, rather than a monograph on one technique - Emphasis on the complementarity of neutron spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy which are usually treated in separate books

Smart Nanoparticles Technology

Author : Abbass A. Hashim
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535105000
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Smart Nanoparticles Technology by : Abbass A. Hashim

Download or read book Smart Nanoparticles Technology written by Abbass A. Hashim and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-18 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few years, Nanoparticles and their applications dramatically diverted science in the direction of brand new philosophy. The properties of many conventional materials changed when formed from nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a greater surface area per weight than larger particles which causes them to be more reactive and effective than other molecules. In this book, we (InTech publisher, editor and authors) have invested a lot of effort to include 25 most advanced technology chapters. The book is organised into three well-heeled parts. We would like to invite all Nanotechnology scientists to read and share the knowledge and contents of this book.

Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotechnology

Author : Lhadi Merhari
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387304282
Total Pages : 840 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotechnology by : Lhadi Merhari

Download or read book Hybrid Nanocomposites for Nanotechnology written by Lhadi Merhari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-03 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest advances in polymer-inorganic nanocomposites, with particular focus on high-added-value applications in fields including electronics, optics, magnetism and biotechnology. The unique focus of this book is on electronic, optical, magnetic and biomedical applications of hybrid nanocomposites. Coverage includes: Synthesis methods and issues and production scale-up; Characterization methods; Electronic applications; Optical applications and Photonics; Magnetic applications; and Biomedical applications. The book offers readers a solid grasp of the state of the art, and of current challenges in non-traditional applications of hybrid nanocomposites.

Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Materials Characterization

Author : Yoshio Waseda
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354046008X
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Materials Characterization by : Yoshio Waseda

Download or read book Anomalous X-Ray Scattering for Materials Characterization written by Yoshio Waseda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of multi layered thin films with sufficient reliability is a key technology for device fabrication in micro electronics. In the Co/Cu type multi layers, for example, magnetoresistance has been found as large as 80 % at 4. 2 K and 50 % at room temperature. In addition to such gigantic mag netoresistance, these multi layers indicate anti ferromagnetic and ferromag netic oscillation behavior with an increase in the thickness of the layers of the non magnetic component. These interesting properties of the new synthetic flmctional materials are attributed to their periodic and interracial structures at a microscopic level, although the origin of such peculiar features is not fully understood. Information on the surface structure or the number density of atoms in the near surface region may provide better insight. Amorphous alloys, frequently referred to as metallic glasses, are produced by rapid quenching from the melt. The second generation amorphous alloys, called "bulk amorphous alloys", have been discovered in some Pd based and Zr based alloy systems, with a super cooled liquid region at more than 120 K. In these alloy systems, one can obtain a sample thickness of several centime ters. Growing scientific and technological curiosity about the new amorphous alloys has focused on the fundamental factors, such as the atomic scale struc ture, which are responsible for the thermal stability with certain chemical compositions.

Combined Analysis

Author : Daniel Chateigner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118622642
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Combined Analysis by : Daniel Chateigner

Download or read book Combined Analysis written by Daniel Chateigner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces and details the key facets of Combined Analysis—an x-ray and/or neutron scattering methodology which combines structural, textural, stress, microstructural, phase, layer, or other relevant variable or property analyses in a single approach. The author starts with basic theories related to diffraction by polycrystals and some of the most common combined analysis instrumental set-ups are detailed. Powder diffraction data treatment is introduced and in particular, the Rietveld analysis is discussed. The book also addresses automatic phase indexing—a necessary step to solve a structure ab initio. Since its effect prevails on real samples where textures are often stabilized, quantitative texture analysis is also detailed. Also discussed are microstructures of powder diffraction profiles; quantitative phase analysis from the Rietveld analysis; residual stress analysis for isotropic and anisotropic materials; specular x-ray reflectivity, and the various associated models. Finally, the book introduces the combined analysis concept, showing how it is superior to the view presented when we look at only one part of the analyses. This book shows that the existence of texture in a specimen can be envisaged as a way to decouple ordinarily strongly correlated parameters, as measured for instance in powder diagrams, and to examine and detail deeper material characterizations in a single methodology.