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Wto At The Margins
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Book Synopsis WTO at the Margins by : Roman Grynberg
Download or read book WTO at the Margins written by Roman Grynberg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-12-14 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a pivotal point in the history of the WTO, when development issues are at the heart of negotiations, how the larger and more powerful members address the legitimate concerns of its poorest and most vulnerable members will shape the perception of the institution throughout the century. This book aims not only to document almost ten years of experience of small states with the WTO but also to explain this experience. It takes an evidential theory approach to explaining the features characteristic to the trade and economic development of small island states. It then highlights the issues of concern to these states in relation to negotiations at the WTO. The experience of the African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries with the WTO dispute settlement mechanism is discussed, and the book ends with a discussion of key negotiating issues for the island states and institutional arrangements to facilitate reform.
Book Synopsis Does WTO Matter for the Extensive and the Intensive Margins of Trade? by : Pushan Dutt
Download or read book Does WTO Matter for the Extensive and the Intensive Margins of Trade? written by Pushan Dutt and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use 6-digit bilateral trade data to document the effect of WTO/GATT membership on the extensive and intensive product margins of trade. We construct gravity equations for the two product margins where the specifications of these gravity equations are motivated by the model of Eaton and Kortum (2002). The data show that the puzzle of no significant impact of WTO membership on trade documented by Rose (2004) manifests itself differently at the product margins of trade. We show that the impact of the WTO is almost exclusively on the extensive product margin of trade, i.e. trade in goods that were not previously traded. In our preferred specification, WTO membership increases the extensive margin of exports by 31%. At the same time, WTO membership has a negligible or even a negative impact on the intensive margin (the volume of already-traded goods). Incidentally, we also document that standard gravity variables provide good explanatory power for bilateral trade on both margins.
Book Synopsis Trading on the Margins by : Alison Goodrum
Download or read book Trading on the Margins written by Alison Goodrum and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building off of the analysis and statistical technique of Liu (2009), this paper examines the intersection between membership in the World Trade Organization and development status and their effects on the intensive and extensive margins of trade. This paper uses year by country pair panel data spanning the years 1950 to 2003 and covering 28,442 country pairs. Guided by the Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein (2008) model of heterogeneous firms, this paper finds that the intersection between development status and WTO membership has a positive net effect on trade flows. Contrary to the previous literature, however, the net effects across the intensive and extensive margin are equivalent, suggesting that membership in the WTO both creates new trading partners and causes pre-existing partners to trade more.
Book Synopsis Modelling the Extensive Margin of World Trade by : Gabriel J. Felbermayr
Download or read book Modelling the Extensive Margin of World Trade written by Gabriel J. Felbermayr and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent literature has argued that, contrary to the results of a seminal paper by Rose (2004), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) membership does promote bilateral trade, at least for developed economies and if membership includes non-formal compliance. We review the literature to identify open issues. We then develop a simple extension of the gravity model that gives rise to an extensive country margin of trade separating positive trade from zero trade country pairs. The model is used to identify WTO membership effects at both the intensive and the extensive margins. Empirical estimation of this model, based on Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood methods with exporter and importer fixed effects, allows us to readdress the empirical issue of whether GATT/WTO membership does or does not promote trade. We find that GATT membership was successful on the extensive margin of world trade but not on the intensive margin. For the recent WTO episode (1995-2008), we find consistent and robust evidence for a substantial trade-creating role of membership which is driven primarily by the intensive margin. WTO membership results in higher bilateral trade of about 40 per cent.
Book Synopsis Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade? by : Gabriel J. Felbermayr
Download or read book Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade? written by Gabriel J. Felbermayr and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of WTO on the Extensive and the Intensive Margins of Trade by : Pushan Dutt
Download or read book The Effect of WTO on the Extensive and the Intensive Margins of Trade written by Pushan Dutt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use 6-digit bilateral trade data to document the effect of WTO/GATT membership on the extensive and intensive product margins of trade.We construct gravity equations for the two product margins motivated by Chaney (2008). The empirical results show that standard gravity variables provide good explanatory power for bilateral trade on both margins. Importantly, we show that the impact of the WTO is concentrated almost exclusively on the extensive product margin of trade, i.e. trade in goods that were not previously traded. In our preferred specification, WTO membership increases the extensive margin of exports by 25%. At the same time, WTO membership has a negative impact on the intensive margin. Based on novel comparative statics results about how fixed and variable trade costs impact the product margins of trade, our results suggest that WTO membership works by reducing primarily the fixed rather than the variable costs of trade.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Intensive and Extensive Margins of World Trade by : Gabriel J. Felbermayr
Download or read book Exploring the Intensive and Extensive Margins of World Trade written by Gabriel J. Felbermayr and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World trade evolves at two margins. Where a bilateral trading relationship already exists it may increase through time (intensive margin). But trade may also increase if a trading bilateral relationship is newly established between countries that have not traded with each other in the past (extensive margin). We provide an empirical dissection of post-World-War-II growth in manufacturing world trade along these two margins. We propose a corner-solutions-versionʺ of the gravity model to explain movements on both margins. A Tobit estimation of this model resolves the so-called distance-puzzleʺ. It also finds more convincing evidence than recent literature that WTO-membership enhances trade.
Book Synopsis Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade?. by :
Download or read book Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade?. written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Intensive Margin in Trade by : Ana Fernandes
Download or read book The Intensive Margin in Trade written by Ana Fernandes and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Melitz model highlights the importance of the extensive margin (the number of firms exporting) for trade flows. Using the World Bank’s Exporter Dynamics Database (EDD) featuring firm-level exports from 50 countries, we find that around 50 percent of variation in exports is along the extensive margin—a quantitative victory for the Melitz framework. The remaining 50 percent on the intensive margin (exports per exporting firm) contradicts a special case of Melitz with Pareto-distributed firm productivity, which has become a tractable benchmark. This benchmark model predicts that, conditional on the fixed costs of exporting, all variation in exports across trading partners should occur on the extensive margin. We find that moving from a Pareto to a lognormal distribution allows the Melitz model to match the role of the intensive margin in the EDD. We use likelihood methods and the EDD to estimate a generalized Melitz model with a joint lognormal distribution for firm-level productivity, fixed costs and demand shifters, and use “exact hat algebra” to quantify the effects of a decline in trade costs on trade flows and welfare in the estimated model. The welfare effects turn out to be quite close to those in the standard Melitz-Pareto model when we choose the Pareto shape parameter to fit the average trade elasticity implied by our estimated Melitz-lognormal model, although there are significant differences regarding the effects on trade flows.
Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis by : Marc Bacchetta
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Book Synopsis The History and Future of the World Trade Organization by : Craig VanGrasstek
Download or read book The History and Future of the World Trade Organization written by Craig VanGrasstek and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History and Future of the World Trade Organization is a comprehensive account of the economic, political and legal issues surrounding the creation of the WTO and its evolution. Fully illustrated with colour and black-and-white photos dating back to the early days of trade negotiations, the publication reviews the WTO's achievements as well as the challenges faced by the organisation, and identifies the key questions that WTO members need to address in the future. The book describes the intellectual roots of the trading system, membership of the WTO and the growth of the Geneva trade community, trade negotiations and the development of coalitions among the membership, and the WTO's relations with other international organisations and civil society. Also covered are the organisation's robust dispute settlement rules, the launch and evolution of the Doha Round, the rise of regional trade agreements, and the leadership and management of the WTO.
Book Synopsis WTO Membership and the Extensive Margin of World Trade by : Gabriel J. Felbermayr
Download or read book WTO Membership and the Extensive Margin of World Trade written by Gabriel J. Felbermayr and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regulating Health and Environmental Risks Under WTO Law by : Lukasz Gruszczynski
Download or read book Regulating Health and Environmental Risks Under WTO Law written by Lukasz Gruszczynski and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central problem that this book tackles is whether the system established by the SPS Agreement can address the existing and potential challenges of a new interdependent world. It provides a critical examination of the substantive provisions of the agreement and corresponding case law.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Intensive & Extensive Margins of World Trade by :
Download or read book Exploring the Intensive & Extensive Margins of World Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body by : Isabelle Van Damme
Download or read book Treaty Interpretation by the WTO Appellate Body written by Isabelle Van Damme and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes how the Appellate Body uses particular principles of general international law in interpreting the WTO covered agreements. It deals equally with general international law and WTO law. The aim is to explain how the Appellate Body interprets and applies customary international law on treaty interpretation in dealing with the WTO covered agreements. The main concern is to analyze the judicial reasoning and ways of justifying judicial decision-making. In particular, it answers the question of how the Appellate Body explains its reading of WTO treaty language. It is argued that the Appellate Body has interpreted the WTO covered agreements in a contextual and effective manner, an approach that corresponds with general international law. The character of the WTO covered agreements has, nevertheless, confronted the Appellate Body with some questions of interpretation that were until recently unexplored or neglected by other courts and tribunals. In that sense, the Appellate Body has contributed to the development of general international law on treaty interpretation, or at least to its practice. WTO law is primarily treaty law, but increasingly soft law and broader themes and values from other disciplines, such as governance, variable geometry and legitimacy, are introduced and discussed. Customary international law - with the exception of the principles of treaty interpretation - and general principles of law are often seen as excluded entirely. An ancillary theme of this proposed monograph is the extent to which customary international law and general principles of law have penetrated WTO law through the technique of treaty interpretation.
Book Synopsis The World Trading System by : John Howard Jackson
Download or read book The World Trading System written by John Howard Jackson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first edition of The World Trading System was published in 1989, the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations has been completed, and most governments have ratified and are in the process of implementing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In the Uruguay Round, more than 120 nations negotiated for over eight years, to produce a document of some 26,000 pages. This new edition of The World Trading System takes account of these and other developments. Like the first edition, however, its treatment of topical issues is grounded in the fundamental legal, constitutional, institutional, and political realities that mold trade policy. Thus the book continues to serve as an introduction to the study of trade law and policy. Two basic premises of The World Trading System are that economic concerns are central to foreign affairs, and that national economies are growing more interdependent. The author presents the economic principles of international trade policy and then examines how they operate under real- world constraints. In particular, he examines the extremely elaborate system of rules that governs international economic relations. Until now, the bulk of international trade policy has addressed trade in goods; issues inadequately addressed by policy include trade in services, intellectual property rights, certain investment measures, and agriculture. The author highlights the tension between legal rules, designed to create predictability and stability, and the governments need to make exceptions to solve short-term problems. He also looks at weaknesses of international trade policy, especially as it applies to developing countries and economies in transition. He concludes with a look at issues that will shape international trade policy well into the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis China and the WTO by : Petros C. Mavroidis
Download or read book China and the WTO written by Petros C. Mavroidis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "China's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 was hailed as the natural conclusion of a long march that started with the reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s. However, China's participation in the WTO since joining has been anything but smooth, and its self-proclaimed "socialist market economy" system has alienated many of its global trading partners - as recent tensions with the United States exemplify. Prevailing diplomatic attitudes tend to focus on two diametrically opposing approaches to dealing with the emerging problems: the first is to demand that China completely overhaul its economic regime; the second is to stay idle and accept that the WTO must accommodate different economic regimes, no matter how idiosyncratic and incompatible. In this book, Mavroidis and Sapir propose a third approach. They point out that, while the WTO (as well as its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT]) has previously managed the accession of socialist countries or of big trading nations, it has never before dealt with a country as large or as powerful as China. Therefore, in order to simultaneously uphold its core principles and accommodate China's unique geopolitical position, the authors argue that the WTO needs to translate some of its implicit legal understanding into explicit treaty language. Focusing on two core complaints - that Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit from unfair trade advantages, and that domestic companies (both private as well as SOEs) impose forced technology transfer on foreign companies as a condition for accessing the Chinese market - they lay out their specific proposals for successful legislative amendment"--.
