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Wissenschaftsethik
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Book Synopsis Was geht uns die Gentechnik an? by : Peter Brandt
Download or read book Was geht uns die Gentechnik an? written by Peter Brandt and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2003 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War es bislang für die Mehrheit der Öffentlichkeit schon schwierig genug, sich einen ausreichenden Wissenshintergrund für die eigene Meinungsbildung über die Gentechnik zu schaffen, so sind die zusätzlichen Aspekte wie Biodiversität. Nachhaltigkeit, wirtschaftlicher Bedarf oder ethische Fragen nicht weniger schwer in ihrer ganzen Bedeutung für die zur Diskussion stehenden Anwendung der Gentechnik zu erfassen. Es ist ein Anliegen des Arbeitskreises "Biotechnologie" der BWG, eine möglichst breit angelegte öffentliche Meinungsbildung zur Anwendung der Gentechnik zu fördern; in diesem Sinne soll das vorliegende Buch die dazu notwendigen Informationen liefern.
Book Synopsis Rationing in Medicine by : F. Breyer
Download or read book Rationing in Medicine written by F. Breyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book series on the ethics of science and technology assessment edited by the Europ?ische Akademie is devoted to the publication of the work-reports of its project groups, works on the foundations of ethics, the philosophy science, and other issues related to the work of the Europ?ische Akademie. In addition, the series comprises the proceedings of conferences organized by the academy. The 13th volume documents the proceeding of the academy's spring symposium in 2000 on Rationing in Medicine which was held in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler on March 23-25, 2000. An intense discussion on the future of health care in Europe has been stimulated by increasing difficulties of securing adequate and needs orientated medical care in the face of scarce resources and medical progress. Un fortunately, quite of ten a rational discussion of rationing is drowned out by the politic al talk of the day. But only an open and well-informed debate, if anything at ali, can lead to transparent and just rationing procedures which eventually might be acceptable to the public at large. For this debate much can be learnt from observing the experiences other countries have made with their health care arrangements. What kinds of mistakes should be avoided and what might be useful in the different states and perhaps also in the supra-national context of an emerging Europe are interesting and important issues.
Book Synopsis Posthuman Personhood by : Daryl J. Wennemann
Download or read book Posthuman Personhood written by Daryl J. Wennemann and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Posthuman Personhood takes up the ethical challenge posed by Francis Fukuyama’s work, Our Posthuman Future. Daryl J. Wennemann argues that the traditional concept of personhood may be fruitfully applied to the ethical challenge we facein a posthuman age. He draws upon Wilfrid Sellars’ treatment of the concept of a person within “the manifest image of man in the world.” Sellars proposed that we develop a stereoscopic view of reality that includes both a scientific understanding of the world and a meaningful place for persons living and acting in the world. Following Mary Anne Warren, Wennemann develops a distinction between two meanings of the term “human,” a biological meaning and a moral meaning, and maintains that all (biologically) humanbeings are persons. But, it is not necessarily the case that all personsmust be (biologically) human. After drawing on a contemporary version of Kant’s distinction between a theoretical possibility and a real possibility, the book posits that biologically non-human persons like robots, computers, or aliens are a theoretical possibility but that we do not know if they are a real possibility. Finally, Wennemann describes an ethic of self-limitation for the posthuman age.
Book Synopsis Low Dose Exposures in the Environment by : C. Streffer
Download or read book Low Dose Exposures in the Environment written by C. Streffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ever-increasing release of harmful agents due to human activities have led in some areas of the world to heavy pollution. In order to protect human health and the environment, environmental standards that shall limit the release and the concentration of those toxic agents in the environment and hence the exposure to it have to be established. The related assessment and decision-making procedures have to be based on solid scientific data about the effects and mechanisms of these agents as well as on ethical, social and economic aspects. For risk evaluation, the knowledge of the dose response curve is an essential prerequisite. Dose responses without a threshold dose are most critical in this connection. Such dose responses are assumed for mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, which, therefore, dominate also the discussion in this book. In the environmentally important low dose range, risk estimation can only be achieved by extrapolation from higher doses with measurable effects. The extrapolation is accompanied with uncertainties which makes risk evaluation as well as risk communication frequently problematic. In order to ensure rational efficient and fair decisions beyond a sound scientific assessment the dialogue between disciplines, with the affected people and with the general public is necessary. In this book, the whole range of relevant and essential aspects of risk evaluation and standard setting is addressed. Starting with the ethical foundations, the sound analysis of recent scientific findings sets the frame for further reflections by theory of cognition, psychosocial sciences, and jurisprudence. The authors end up with concluding recommendations for coping with the recent problems of standard setting in the field of environmentally relevant low doses. The book is designed to a readership of scientists, legislators, administrators, and the interested public.
Book Synopsis Environment across Cultures by : E. Ehlers
Download or read book Environment across Cultures written by E. Ehlers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disparate perceptions and conceptual frameworks of environment and the relationship between humans and nature often lead to confusion, constraints on co-operation and collaboration and even conflict when society tries to deal with today’s urgent and complex environment research and policy challenges. Such disparities in perception and "world view" are driven by many factors. They include differences in culture, religion, ethical frameworks, scientific methodologies and approaches, disciplines, political, social and philosophical traditions, life styles and consumption patterns as well as alternative economic paradigms. Distribution of poverty or wealth between north and south may thus be seen as consequence of the above mentioned disparities, which is a challenge for it’s universal reasoned evaluation. This volume discusses a wide range of factors influencing "Environment across Cultures" with a view to identifying ways and means to better understand, reflect and manage such disparities within future global environmental research and policy agendas for bridging the gap between ecology and economy as well as between societies. The book is based upon the results of a scientific symposium on this topic and covers the following sections: Cross Cultural Perception of Environment; Ethics and Nature; Environment, Sustainability and Society. Corresponding contributions were made by well-known scientific authors representing different cultural spheres in accordance with the inter-cultural approach of this effort.
Download or read book Nanotechnology written by Harald Brune and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-23 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study tackles the subject in a new and unique way: Due to the fact that the borders between classical academic disciplines disappear at the nanoscale, a truly interdisciplinary approach is chosen. A functional definition of nanotechnology is developed by the authors as basis for the further sections of the study. The most important results enable recommendations with respect to scientific progress, industrial relevance, economic potential, educational needs, potential adverse health effects and philosophical aspects of nanotechnology. The book addresses the relevant decision levels, media, and academia.
Book Synopsis Bridges between Science, Society and Policy by : Michael Decker
Download or read book Bridges between Science, Society and Policy written by Michael Decker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Europaische Akademie zur Erforschung von Folgen wissenschaftlich-techni scher Entwicklungen Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler GmbH (european academy) is con cerned with the scientific study of the consequences of scientific and technological advance for the individual and social life and for the natural environment. The main focus is to examine foreseeable mid-and long-term processes that are especially influenced by natural-and engineering sciences and the medical disciplines. The academy fulfills this task by organizing interdisciplinary expert discussions. Another important issue of the work of the Europaische Akademie concerns the methodology of Technology Assessment as a general issue. This is the main reason that the european academy organized during the past two years a project funded by the European Commission on Technology Assessment. Methods and Impact (TAMI). Together with partners from all over Europe a common understanding of what Tech nology Assessment (TA) is supposed to do was developed. Most importantly it was acknowledged that the core of any TA activity has to be a sound scientific under standing of the relevant phenomena. Communication then is of cordial importance to reach the relevant decision makers as well as the general public. It is true that this phase of the TA process has been treated with too little attention for many years. The communication processes between scientific advisers and policy makers have hence to be further scrutinized.
Book Synopsis Embryo Research in Pluralistic Europe by : D. Solter
Download or read book Embryo Research in Pluralistic Europe written by D. Solter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in techniques and understanding in the fields of genetics, embryology and reproductive biology have opened up new ways to treat a wide range of medical problems. They range from new options for infertility treatment and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to stem-cell-based therapies for debilitating diseases. Since all these approaches involve the manipulation of human gametes, embryos or embryonic cells, and could also permit more contentious uses, they have stimulated a controversial debate as to what aims are desirable and to what extent experiments on human embryos are morally permissible, if permissible at all. The situation is further complicated by the fact that scientific projects are increasingly realized through international co-operation and that patients are increasingly ready to seek morally contentious medical treatment wherever it is available and thus to bypass national legislation. In view of this situation the Europäische Akademie assembled a temporary interdisciplinary project group in which scientists from universities and non-university research organizations in Europe working on the relevant subjects were brought together and charged with establishing a knowledge base and providing suggestions for long-term solutions that would be acceptable for society. Presented here are the results of this project, ranging from a discussion of the theoretical and practical possibilities in human-embryo experimentation and its alternatives in research on adult stem cells, a comparison of the situations and prospects of regulation of embryo research in Europe, a survey of European public attitudes, and a philosophical analysis of the arguments and argumentative strategies used in the debate.
Download or read book Functional Foods written by R. Chadwick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Europiiische Akademie is concerned with the study of scientific and technolog ical advances for the individual, society and the natural environment. The work of the academy is interdisciplinary drawing on relevant academic disciplines so far as they can inform the debate on consequences and suggest solutions. This book is dedicated to the issue of Functional Foods, a rather topical issue with important ramifications for the overall quality of life. It is the result of the Europiiische Akademie's working group "Functional Foods" which worked from January 2001 to June 2003. Since the times of Hippocrates, we view "food as our medicine, and medicine as our food"; a view that is confirmed by nowadays science which agrees that diet is related to health, well-being and the prevention of disease. At the same time, food related diseases have reached epidemic proportions in western societies while obe sity is spreading rapidly in all parts and strata of modern society. The cost for the health system is significant while the reduction in quality of life is immeasurable.
Book Synopsis The Ethics of Today's Science and Technology by : Wenchao Li
Download or read book The Ethics of Today's Science and Technology written by Wenchao Li and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2008 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beneath the discussion and clarification of problems, of which both sides agreed to have them in common and which are documented in this volume, one of the important insights on both sides had been disagreements depending on a different way in seeing, articulating and reflecting on these problems. So, the English term 'science', in differing from the German 'Wissenschaft' (which includes not only sciences of nature, but also humanities), is meant in the Western tradition as the 'uninterested' research for truth, especially for most general laws; but the Chinese understanding seems to be characterized by an immediate connection of science and its practical use.
Book Synopsis Dict Philos Terms Germ-Eng V1 by : Phillip Herdina
Download or read book Dict Philos Terms Germ-Eng V1 written by Phillip Herdina and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available on its own, or as part of a two-volume set, this German-English dictionary is the first comprehensive work in the field and an indispensible companion for students, academics, translators and linguists concerned with almost any area of philosophy.
Download or read book Final Report written by Fritz Krafft and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 1993 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aus dem Inhalt: Addresses Given at the Opening/Closing Ceremonies of the XVIIIth International Congress of History of Science: Christoph J. Scriba: The Beginnings of the International Congresses of the History of Science � Fritz Krafft: Science and Political Order / Wissenschaft und Staat � Klaus Pinkau: Science and Politics � Wolfgang Wild: The Role of the Government in the Field of Education and Society Plenary Lectures with Special Reference to the General Theme of the XVIIIth International Congresses of the History of Science �Science and Political Order / Wissenschaft und Staat�: Lewis Pyenson: Why Science May Serve Political Ends: Cultural Imperialism and the Mission to Civilize � Gerald Schr�der: Science Policy and Pharmacy in the NS Period � Caroll Pursell: Technology and Political Order in the 20th Century � Armin Hermann: Science under Foreign Rule. Policy of the Allies in Germany 1945-49 Symposia: Reports of their Organizers: Introductory Remarks by the Chairman of the Program Committee (Fritz Krafft) � Publications and Reports � A Survey of the Congress Budget (Christoph J. Scriba) Scientific Program: Final Status.
Book Synopsis Valid Values by : Claudia Mariéle Wulf
Download or read book Valid Values written by Claudia Mariéle Wulf and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2023-06-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a challenge to talk about values and a provocation to call them "valid". But it is necessary when human dignity is at stake. Freedom, love, truth and life determine and protect this dignity. The highest value is life; when it is threatened, one loses the experience of dignity. Mere autonomy going beyond value-oriented freedom can threaten life, physically and psychologically. If we do not respect our livelihoods, we threaten them. Genuine love of one's neighbour prevents tolerance from turning into populist, intolerant ideologies. Dignity as the standard for our coexistence gives rise to hope. Therefore, this book invites us to think, feel and act responsibly for a life ‘in fullness’ (John 10:10).
Book Synopsis Enabling Social Europe by : B. Maydell v.
Download or read book Enabling Social Europe written by B. Maydell v. and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Enabling Social Europe’ examines how the paradigm of the ‘enabling welfare state’ might offer a new perspective for European social policy in the decades to come. The ‘enabling’ concept is perceived as going beyond that of mere ‘activation’, thus also embracing policies aimed at increasing personal autonomy, individual responsibility and social inclusion by endowing individuals with the resources and capabilities needed to manage and balance their life courses in a better way. The study is distinguished by a unique collaboration of social and economic policy experts coming from a wide range of disciplines: economics, law, sociology, political science, and philosophy. The authors seek to shed new light on whether European social policy ought to play a role in the future and, if so, what sort of role that could be. They convincingly argue that despite an implicit normative consensus on the ‘European social model’, there is still room for a multifaceted world in which welfare regimes can maintain their own path-dependent ways of achieving a fair and just society with a high level of welfare for all. The empirical part of the book contains an appraisal of policies and reforms with a view to the ‘enabling welfare state’ approach in four important policy areas: health care, old-age security, family policy, and poverty prevention. Within each sector, the authors compare the policies and practices of two countries attributable to different regime types: Germany and the United Kingdom, Poland and Germany, Finland and Estonia, and Belgium and Denmark. This book is highly recommendable not only for scholars and policymakers active in this field, but also for students of welfare and labour economics, sociology, social policy, political science and law.
Book Synopsis Towards the Information Society by : G. Banse
Download or read book Towards the Information Society written by G. Banse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information and knowledge play an increasingly important role in the implementation of public policies, in particular those of the Central and Eastern European Countries. They are involved in many respects in the elaboration of scientific programs. They are more and more present in the political decision making process and as topic for scientific conferences. They are often at the centre of international discussions on related topics, for example, differences in approaches to produce and apply knowledge or different responses to social function of information. A major lesson of these past years applies to democracy. Europeans demand more involvement in decisions that concern them. This demand goes weH beyond decision making. For public action to be acceptable and efficient, the whole process should become more democratic, from the defmition of the problems, to the implementation and the evaluation of solutions. In the context of conducting research on the consequences of scientific and technological advance, the Europäische Akademie Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler in Germany and the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic organised a conference on the relationship between "democracy-participation-technology assessment" in February 1999. The objective of the workshop was to express and to the problems of transition "from exchange various viewpoints and attitudes information society to knowledge society. " The great response given to the international conference underlines the need not only for Central and Eastern European Countries to take into consideration more common projects like this for the future.
Book Synopsis Interdisciplinarity in Technology Assessment by : M. Decker
Download or read book Interdisciplinarity in Technology Assessment written by M. Decker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology Assessment processes can be taken as a paradigm for interdisciplinary research. It is expected that interdisciplinary Technology Assessment is able to find solutions for actual sociopolitical problems that go beyond those expectable from one individual scientific discipline alone. The common notion that for tasks like this different disciplinary perspectives should be brought together confronts the fact that there is no common notion on how interdisciplinary research should be done. In the present volume of the series "Wissenschaftsethik und Technikfolgenbeurteilung" European experts of Technology Assessment present their perspectives on interdisciplinary research. They focus on methodology, policy consulting, and participation of stakeholders, laypersons and citizens or present concrete case studies concerning climate change and health care. Each contribution is commented by an other scientist. The result is a discussion-like examination of the connection between interdisciplinarity and the main subjects of Technology Assessment. This makes the book worth reading not only for experts in interdisciplinary research and policy consulting, but also for those who are interested in the ongoing discussion about methodology in European Technology Assessment.
Book Synopsis Leonardo-Welt by : Jürgen Mittelstrass
Download or read book Leonardo-Welt written by Jürgen Mittelstrass and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
