Wisdom: The Collected Articles of Norman Whybray

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351872656
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Wisdom: The Collected Articles of Norman Whybray by : Margaret Barker

Download or read book Wisdom: The Collected Articles of Norman Whybray written by Margaret Barker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of articles confirms Norman Whybray's place as one of the foremost contributors to scholarship on wisdom literature in the last three decades of the twentieth century. A former President of the Society for Old Testament Study, and winner of the British Academy's Burkitt Medal, Whybray wrote extensively on Proverbs and Ecclesiastes and his interests extended to Job, Ben Sira, and wider areas of concern such as the relationship of wisdom to other Old Testament books and genres. Including a Foreword by David Clines and an Introduction by Katharine J. Dell, this collection brings together for the first time all of Norman Whybray's articles in this subject, thus not only inspiring afresh, but also providing a useful resource for scholars interested in that enigmatic group of writings that make up the wisdom literature of the Old Testament.

Proverbs

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Publisher : Inter-Varsity Press
ISBN 13 : 1783597550
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (835 download)

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Book Synopsis Proverbs by : Paul Overland

Download or read book Proverbs written by Paul Overland and published by Inter-Varsity Press. This book was released on 2022-07-21 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chock-full of pithy sayings, the book of Proverbs presents ancient Israelite advice for leading a flourishing life. What is more, it apparently preserves four divisions of an ancient curriculum for cultivating youthful character, teaching reverence toward God and faithful love of our neighbours. In this comprehensive commentary, Paul Overland examines Proverbs not as a loose collection of isolated sayings, but as an organised whole that forms a series of cohesive poems. Along with a fresh, annotated translation of each saying, he offers detailed commentary on the form and structure of the text, showing the dynamic development of persuasive thinking marshalled by its author. Exploring the practical implications for living wisely today as well offering cogent analysis, this is a Bible commentary on Proverbs that will benefit all preachers and serious students of the Bible. Part of the Apollos Old Testament commentary series, Proverbs follows a clear, helpful structure that provides a thorough exploration of the text – beginning with translation and notes, examining form and structure, offering insightful commentary and ending with a full exposition of the theological message within the framework of biblical theology. It will leave you with a deeper knowledge of the divine and human aspects of Scripture, as well as a broader understanding of its meaning and continued relevance for modern Christians. The Apollos Old Testament Commentaries are ideal bible commentaries for those preaching from the Old Testament and looking to explore its riches in depth within their sermons, and will also help lay people and scholars studying the Bible at a higher level. Clear and discerning, Paul Overland’s commentary on Proverbs is a brilliant study that will give you a profound appreciation for both the poetry of these sayings and the lessons that they can still Christians today.

The Wisdom Instructions in the Book of Tobit

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Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110255359
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wisdom Instructions in the Book of Tobit by : Francis M. Macatangay

Download or read book The Wisdom Instructions in the Book of Tobit written by Francis M. Macatangay and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the resurgence of scholarly interest in the Book of Tobit in recent years, an important aspect of this deuterocanonical book has been largely overlooked. Within it, there is an instruction manual for an effective way of being and living in exile, namely the wisdom instructions in Tobit 4. With glances at Tobit 12 and Tobit 14 where the wisdom instructions are repeated in shorter form, this monograph discusses the function of the wisdom discourse in the literary design of the narrative. Moreover, it examines how the wisdom instructions of Tobit demonstrate the vital role of the sapiential tradition in forming and maintaining Jewish identity in the Diaspora. Contextualizing the wisdom instructions not only within the narrative but also within the realities of Second Temple Judaism, it is argued that the author of Tobit saw the validity and employed the resources of the Jewish wisdom tradition in reinterpreting some of the traditional claims of covenant faith. Using the Sinaiticus as the textual basis of study, it shows that the lengthy wisdom lecture of Tobit displays an inner logic that structures the collection of seemingly unrelated sayings. The instructions reinterpret a major deuteronomic concern to remember the Lord always. For Tobit, the practice of righteousness, the practice of wise behavior, and the practice of prayer realize and concretize such remembrance. Addressed to those in the Dispersion, Tobit’s wisdom instructions are meant to foster and shape a distinct ethos of truth, righteousness and mercy.

The Book of Proverbs in Social and Theological Context

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139455419
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Book of Proverbs in Social and Theological Context by : Katharine J. Dell

Download or read book The Book of Proverbs in Social and Theological Context written by Katharine J. Dell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-07-06 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book of Proverbs is the starting point of the biblical wisdom tradition. But how did individual proverbs, instructions and poems come together to form the various collections we have today? Katharine Dell explores the possible social contexts for this varied material in the royal court, wisdom schools and popular culture. She draws shrewdly on materials from the wisdom traditions of the ancient Near East, in particular Egypt, in order to bolster and enhance her theories. She argues that Proverbs had a theological purpose from its conception, with God's creativity being an integral theme of the text rather than one added in later redactions. Dell also shows that echoes of other Old Testament genres such as prophecy, law and cult can be found in Proverbs, notably in chapters 1-9, and that its social and theological context is much broader than scholars have recognised in the past.

Human Interaction with the Natural World in Wisdom Literature and Beyond

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0567701212
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (677 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Interaction with the Natural World in Wisdom Literature and Beyond by : Mordechai Cogan

Download or read book Human Interaction with the Natural World in Wisdom Literature and Beyond written by Mordechai Cogan and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-04 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Created in honor of the work of Professor Tova Forti, this collection considers the natural world in key wisdom books - Proverbs, Job and Qoheleth/Ecclesiastes, Ben Sira and Song of Songs/Solomon - and also examines particular animal and plant imagery in other texts in the Hebrew Bible. It crucially involves ancient Near Eastern parallels and like texts from the classical world, but also draws on rabbinic tradition and broader interpretative works, as well as different textual traditions such as the LXX and Qumran scrolls. Whilst the natural world, notably plants and animals, is a key uniting element, the human aspect is also crucial. To explore this, contributors also treat the wider concerns within wisdom literature on human beings in relation to their social context, and in comparison with neighbouring nations. They emphasize that the human, animal and plant worlds act together in synthesis, all enhanced and imbued by the world-view of wisdom literature.

Scribes as Sages and Prophets

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110483602
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Scribes as Sages and Prophets by : Jutta Krispenz

Download or read book Scribes as Sages and Prophets written by Jutta Krispenz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of the Hebrew Bible used to look at „Prophecy" and „Wisdom" as clearly distinct realms represented by antagonistic and mutually exclusive roles of their central characters: the loyal sage, the pillar of administration, on the one side and the rebellious prophet, criticizing the establishment, on the other. While the influence of wisdom thought on prophetic texts has been a topic in the scholarly debate, the complementary question of the influence of prophetic thought on wisdom texts has rarely been asked. The contributions in this volume look at both questions: They start from the assumption that texts from the Hebrew Bible and the cultures surrounding Ancient Israel all originated from a social stratum of educated scribes, who authored and transmitted these texts. It then seems plausible that wisdom texts might show similar traces of prophetic influence to those of wisdom thoughts found in prophetic texts. The essays give a multifaceted picture concerning the mutual perception of prophets and sages and thus provide a deeper understanding of both wisdom literature and prophecy.

An Obituary for "Wisdom Literature"

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191083194
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis An Obituary for "Wisdom Literature" by : Will Kynes

Download or read book An Obituary for "Wisdom Literature" written by Will Kynes and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Obituary for "Wisdom Literature" considers the definitional issues long plaguing Wisdom scholarship. Will Kynes argues that Wisdom Literature is not a category used in early Jewish and Christian interpretation. It first emerged in modern scholarship, shaped by its birthplace in nineteenth-century Germany. Kynes casts new light on the traits long associated with the category, such as universalism, humanism, rationalism, empiricism, and secularism, which so closely reflect the ideals of that time. Since it was originally assembled to reflect modern ideals, it is not surprising that biblical scholars have faced serious difficulties defining the corpus on another basis or integrating it into the theology of the Old Testament. The problem, however, is not only why the texts were perceived in this one way, but that they are perceived in only one way at all. The book builds on recent theories from literary studies and cognitive science to create a new alternative approach to genre that integrates hermeneutical insight from various genre proposals. This theory is then applied to Job, Ecclesiastes, and Proverbs, mapping out the complex textual network contributing to their meaning. With the death of the Wisdom Literature category, both the so-called Wisdom texts and the concept of wisdom find new life.

Classified Bibliography on Ecclesiastes

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0567673979
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis Classified Bibliography on Ecclesiastes by : David J. H. Beldman

Download or read book Classified Bibliography on Ecclesiastes written by David J. H. Beldman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive listing of bibliographical references to writings on the book of Ecclesiastes, beginning from 1900. Rather than being presented in alphabetical order, these references are classified according to genre, chapter, subject and theme; among the myriad of classifications are biblical theology, commentaries, death and the afterlife, God/the divine, joy, language, sexuality, structure and wisdom. These classifications have been selected by specialists of Ecclesiastes, in order to guide scholars and researchers through the wealth of secondary material available and to prompt further research on the text. Through its collation of the incredible amount of bibliographical data on the book of Ecclesiastes, this collection will prove a vital resource for those working on Ecclesiastes for years to come.

International Review of Biblical Studies, Volume 51 (2004-2005)

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047408705
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis International Review of Biblical Studies, Volume 51 (2004-2005) by : Bernhard Lang

Download or read book International Review of Biblical Studies, Volume 51 (2004-2005) written by Bernhard Lang and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2006-02-01 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. Formerly known by its subtitle "Internationale Zeitschriftenschau für Bibelwissenschaft und Grenzgebiete", the International Review of Biblical Studies has served the scholarly community ever since its inception in the early 1950's. Each annual volume includes approximately 2,000 abstracts and summaries of articles and books that deal with the Bible and related literature, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, Pseudepigrapha, Non-canonical gospels, and ancient Near Eastern writings. The abstracts - which may be in English, German, or French - are arranged thematically under headings such as e.g. "Genesis", "Matthew", "Greek language", "text and textual criticism", "exegetical methods and approaches", "biblical theology", "social and religious institutions", "biblical personalities", "history of Israel and early Judaism", and so on. The articles and books that are abstracted and reviewed are collected annually by an international team of collaborators from over 300 of the most important periodicals and book series in the fields covered.

Riddles and Revelations

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0567671658
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis Riddles and Revelations by : Mark J. Boda

Download or read book Riddles and Revelations written by Mark J. Boda and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of the links between wisdom literature and prophecy. The book is divided into four sections. The first addresses methodological concerns such as identifying “wisdom,” identifying potential sociological spheres for wisdom and prophecy in the ancient Near East, and recognizing potential textual relationships. The second examines the role of wisdom in the prophetic corpus more broadly in a book-by-book analysis of biblical texts, first examining the role of wisdom in the prophetic corpus of the Hebrew Bible. The third section looks at elements of prophecy within the traditional wisdom books such as Job, Proverbs and Qoheleth. Finally, the book continues the conversation by providing two concluding chapters that evaluate, critique, engage, and raise new questions that Hebrew Bible scholars will need to wrestle with as the search for the relationship between wisdom and prophecy moves forward.

God, Justice, and Society

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199759219
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis God, Justice, and Society by : Jonathan Burnside

Download or read book God, Justice, and Society written by Jonathan Burnside and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the real meaning of 'an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth'? Where did the idea for the 'Jubilee 2000' and 'Drop the Debt' campaigns come from? Here, Burnside looks at aspects of law and legality in the Bible, from the patriarchal narratives in the Hebrew Bible through to the trials of Jesus in the New Testament.

Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings

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Author :
Publisher : Inter-Varsity Press
ISBN 13 : 1789740495
Total Pages : 1581 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings by : TREMPER LONGMAN III

Download or read book Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings written by TREMPER LONGMAN III and published by Inter-Varsity Press. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 1581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Old Testament books of wisdom and poetry carry themselves differently from those of the Pentateuch, the histories or the prophets. The divine voice does not peal from Sinai, there are no narratives carried along by prophetic interpretation nor are oracles declaimed by a prophet. Here Scripture often speaks in the words of human response to God and God's world. The hymns, laments and thanksgivings of Israel, the dirge of Lamentations, the questionings of Qohelet, the love poetry of the Song of Songs, the bold drama of Job and the proverbial wisdom of Israel all offer their textures to this great body of biblical literature. Then too there are the finely crafted stories of Ruth and Esther that narrate the silent providence of God in the course of Israelite and Jewish lives. This third Old Testament volume in IVP's celebrated "Black Dictionary" series offers nearly 150 articles covering all the important aspects of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Psalms, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Ruth and Esther. Over 90 contributors, many of them experts in this literature, have contributed to the 'Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings'. This volume maintains the quality of scholarship that students, scholars and pastors have come to expect from this series. Coverage of each biblical book includes an introduction to the book itself as well as separate articles on their ancient Near Eastern background and their history of interpretation. Additional articles amply explore the literary dimensions of Hebrew poetry and prose, including acrostic, ellipsis, inclusio, intertextuality, parallelism and rhyme. And there are well-rounded treatments of Israelite wisdom and wisdom literature, including wisdom poems, sources and theology. In addition, a wide range of interpretive approaches is canvassed in articles on hermeneutics, feminist interpretation, form criticism, historical criticism, rhetorical criticism and social-scientific approaches. The 'Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry and Writings' is sure to command shelf space within arm's reach of any student, teacher or preacher working in this portion of biblical literature.

Perspectives on Israelite Wisdom

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0567663175
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (676 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on Israelite Wisdom by : John Jarick

Download or read book Perspectives on Israelite Wisdom written by John Jarick and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays examines the wisdom traditions of the Old Testament from a variety of angles. The slipperiness of the concept of 'wisdom literature', the transmission of 'wise' advice for living, rabbinic and patristic approaches to the Bible's wisdom traditions, and cutting-edge modern perspectives on such Old Testament books as Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes are all to be found here. In the tradition of the renowned previous volumes from the Oxford Old Testament Seminar - King and Messiah in Israel and the Ancient Near East (1998), In Search of Pre-Exilic Israel (2004), Temple and Worship in Biblical Israel (2005), and Prophecy and Prophets in Ancient Israel (2010)-this new volume again brings the scholarship of the Oxford Seminar, here focused on the rich subject of Old Testament wisdom traditions, to an international readership.

SCM Core Text: Wisdom Literature

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Publisher : SCM Press
ISBN 13 : 0334040159
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis SCM Core Text: Wisdom Literature by : Alastair Hunter

Download or read book SCM Core Text: Wisdom Literature written by Alastair Hunter and published by SCM Press. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is aimed at undergraduates on level two or three courses relating to Old Testament Wisdom literature. The book begins with a consideration of what the term 'wisdom literature' means in Hebrew usage, and also examines which biblical materials might properly be classified as belonging to the category of wisdom literature. The cultural and political context of ancient Israel is examined, together with an analysis of the key problem of whether or not there were any practical levels of literacy in the period in question. The middle section of the book looks in more depth at those books considered to contain 'wisdom literature': Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Wisdom of Solomon and Ecclesiasticus. The genre is characterised by praise of God, often in poetic form and by sayings of wisdom intended to teach about God and about virtue. Questions of authorship, editing, interpretation, the historical context of some of the writings, the book's major themes and sub-themes and the latest criticisms of each are laid out for discussion and analysis. The book is written with the undergraduate in mind, and is full of pedagogical features including tables and summaries of data, which allows for a more intensive agenda and for those with knowledge of classical Hebrew to pursue individual themes at greater depth

The Personification of Wisdom

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351884352
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis The Personification of Wisdom by : Alice M. Sinnott

Download or read book The Personification of Wisdom written by Alice M. Sinnott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the personification of Wisdom as a female figure - a central motif in Proverbs, Job, Sirach, Wisdom and Baruch. Alice M. Sinnott identifies how and why the complex character of Wisdom was introduced into the Israelite tradition, and created and developed by Israelite/Jewish wisdom teachers and writers. Arguing that by personifying Wisdom the authors of Proverbs responded to Israel's defeat by Babylon and the loss of Davidic monarchy, and by retrieving and transforming the Wisdom figure the authors of Sirach, Baruch and Wisdom responded to the spread of Hellenism and the potential loss of identity for Jews. Sinnott concludes that personified Wisdom functioned to reinterpret and transform the Israelite/Jewish tradition.

Wisdom in Christian Tradition

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192677934
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Wisdom in Christian Tradition by : Marcus Plested

Download or read book Wisdom in Christian Tradition written by Marcus Plested and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a survey of the biblical and classical background, Wisdom in Christian Tradition offers a detailed exploration of the theme of wisdom in patristic, Byzantine, and medieval theology, up to and including Gregory Palamas and Thomas Aquinas in Greek East and Latin West, respectively. Three principal levels of Christian wisdom discourse are distinguished: wisdom as human attainment, wisdom as divine gift, and wisdom as an attribute or quality of God. This journey through Wisdom in Christian Tradition is undertaken in conversation with modern Russian Sophiology, one of the most popular and widely discussed theological movements of our time. Sophiology is characterized by the idea of a primal pre-principle of divine-human unity ('Sophia') manifest in both uncreated and created forms and constituting the very foundation of all that is. Sophiology is a complex phenomenon with multiple sources and inspirations, very much including the Church Fathers. Indeed, fidelity to patristic tradition was to become an ever-increasing feature of its self-understanding and self-articulation, above all in the work of its greatest exponent, Fr Sergius Bulgakov (1871-1944). This 'unmodern turn' (as it is here christened) to patristic sources has, however, long been fiercely contested. This book is the first to evaluate thoroughly the nature and substance of Sophiology's claim to patristic continuity. The final chapter offers a radical re-thinking of Sophiology in line with patristic tradition. This constructive proposal maintains Sophiology's most distinctive insights and most pertinent applications while divesting it of some its more problematic elements.

Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings

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Author :
Publisher : InterVarsity Press
ISBN 13 : 0830867384
Total Pages : 1000 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings by : Tremper Longman

Download or read book Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings written by Tremper Longman and published by InterVarsity Press. This book was released on 2010-05-11 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christianity Today Merit Award winner ECPA Gold Medallion The Old Testament books of wisdom and poetry carry themselves differently from those of the Pentateuch, the histories or the prophets. The divine voice does not peal from Sinai, there are no narratives carried along by prophetic interpretation nor are oracles declaimed by a prophet. Here Scripture often speaks in the words of human response to God and God's world. The hymns, laments and thanksgivings of Israel, the dirge of Lamentations, the questionings of Qohelet, the love poetry of the Song of Songs, the bold drama of Job and the proverbial wisdom of Israel all offer their textures to this great body of biblical literature. Then too there are the finely crafted stories of Ruth and Esther that narrate the silent providence of God in the course of Israelite and Jewish lives. This third Old Testament volume in InterVarsity Press's celebrated "Black Dictionary" series offers nearly 150 articles covering all the important aspects of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Psalms, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Ruth and Esther. Over ninety contributors, many of them experts in this literature, have contributed to the Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry Writings. This volume maintains the quality of scholarship that students, scholars and pastors have come to expect from this series. Coverage of each biblical book includes an introduction to the book itself as well as separate articles on its ancient Near Eastern background and its history of interpretation. Additional articles amply explore the literary dimensions of Hebrew poetry and prose, including acrostic, ellipsis, inclusio, intertextuality, parallelism and rhyme. And there are well-rounded treatments of Israelite wisdom and wisdom literature, including wisdom poems, sources and theology. In addition, a wide range of interpretive approaches is canvassed in articles on hermeneutics, feminist interpretation, form criticism, historical criticism, rhetorical criticism and social-scientific approaches. The Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry Writings is sure to command shelf space within arm's reach of any student, teacher or preacher working in this portion of biblical literature. Tremper Longman III and Peter E. Enns edit this collection of 148 articles by 90 contributors on Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, Lamentations, Ruth and Esther. Reference volumes in the IVP Bible Dictionary Series provide in-depth treatment of biblical and theological topics in an accessible, encyclopedia format, including cross-sectional themes, methods of interpretation, significant historical or cultural background, and each Old and New Testament book as a whole.