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Wind Tunnel Evaluation Of Drift Reduction Potential And Spray Characteristics With Drift Retardants At High Operating Pressure
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Book Synopsis Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Drift Reduction Potential and Spray Characteristics with Drift Retardants at High Operating Pressure by : H. Guler
Download or read book Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Drift Reduction Potential and Spray Characteristics with Drift Retardants at High Operating Pressure written by H. Guler and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Air Assist in Reducing Spray Drift by : Khaldoun Mohammad El-Dirany
Download or read book Wind Tunnel Evaluation of Air Assist in Reducing Spray Drift written by Khaldoun Mohammad El-Dirany and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although pesticide spraying is an indispensable task in modern agricultural practices, drift of the chemical away from the intended target is a major concern, since it represents economical loss and causes environmental pollution. A major factor that influences drift is natural wind. One of the methods used for reducing spray drift is the air assist technology, where a high-speed air jet, distributed all along the spray pattern, is used to overcome the wind effect by directing the droplets toward the intended target The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nozzle size, pressure, and orientation relative to the wind on the performance of a single-nozzle air-assist system in a wind tunnel.--Two standard flat fan nozzles (8001 and 8003) were used in this study. Each nozzle was tested at three levels of pressure (138, 276, and 414 kPa), three orientations (0?, 45?, and 90?) relative to the wind direction, and three different treatments (no-wind, wind without air-assist, and wind with air-assist). The average wind speed was 4.3 m/s, and the average air-assist jet velocity measured at 13 m/s. A three-dimensional patternator (1.3 m x 1.0 m x 0.15 m) was used to measure spray recovery under each treatment Comparison of the spray retained under each treatment provided a measure of performance of the air-assist system Data was analyzed using a completely randomized design Air-assist was effective in reducing spray drift under all tested conditions For the 8001 nozzle, drift with air assist was significantly higher than in no wind condition for all nozzle pressures and orientations. For the 8003 nozzle, drift with air assist was in most cases not significantly different from that in no-wind condition. Nevertheless, there was significant interaction between nozzle pressure and orientation relative to the wind, indicating that drift reduction strategies should account for these factors.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Spray Drift Using Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Measurements and Dispersion Modeling by : Bradley K. Fritz
Download or read book Evaluation of Spray Drift Using Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Measurements and Dispersion Modeling written by Bradley K. Fritz and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA's proposed test plan for the validation testing of pesticide spray drift reduction technologies (DRTs) for row and field crops, focusing on the evaluation of ground application systems using the low-speed wind tunnel measurements and dispersion modeling, was evaluated. Relative drift reduction potential for a given DRT tested in a low-speed wind tunnel is derived from airborne droplet size measurements and airborne and deposited liquid volume measurements downwind from the spray nozzle. Measurements of droplet size and deposition data were made in a low-speed wind tunnel using standard reference nozzles. A blank emulsifiable concentration spray was applied at two different wind speeds. The wind tunnel dispersion (WTDISP) model was used to evaluate the drift potentials of each spray using the droplet size and spray flux measured in the wind tunnel. The specific objectives were (1) the evaluation of model accuracy by comparison of modeled downwind deposition to that measured in the wind tunnel, (2) the evaluation of drift reduction potential of the spray nozzles relative to a reference nozzle, and (3) the determination of low-speed wind tunnel data collection requirements for model input to optimize the evaluation process. The modeled deposition data did not compare well to the measured deposition data, but this was expected as the model was not meant to be used for this purpose. The tested nozzles were rated using the International Standards Organization drift classification standard. The drift ratings generally showed trends of larger droplet producing nozzles having greater drift reduction ratings. An examination of several scenarios using reduced model input requirements, which would decrease the low-speed wind tunnel data collection time, did not show any conclusive results. They suggest that further testing and refinement of the data collection process and the WTDISP model may support wider use of this system for the assessment of DRTs.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Proposed Drift Reduction Technology High-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing Protocol by :
Download or read book Evaluation of a Proposed Drift Reduction Technology High-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing Protocol written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA has initiated the development of protocols for measuring spray drift reduction technologies (DRTs) related to the application of agricultural protection chemicals. The DRT Program is an EPA-led initiative program to "achieve improved environmental and human health protection through drift reduction by accelerating the acceptance and use of improved and cost-effective application technologies." The first step in implementing the DRT program is to develop a set of protocols, standard operating procedures, and data quality assurance steps so that the results from any trials or research conducted are scientifically valid and repeatable. A protocol for measuring spray droplet spectra via laser diffraction equipment in a high speed wind tunnel (air velocities> 160 kph (100 mph)) was tested. Following the proposed protocol, five reference nozzles were evaluated with spray solutions of deionized water, water + 9 % isopropanol, and water + 0.25 % of a nonionic surfactant. Each of the nozzle and spray solution combinations were evaluated in 160, 193, and 225 kph (100, 120, and 140 mph) airstreams, as well as under static (0 kph) conditions. The results of these atomization studies showed that there were significant differences in droplet spectra between the spray solutions and from the different air velocities. Based on the time to complete the tests, the author suggest using a +/- 5 % standard deviation values as criteria for accepting atomization tests results.
Book Synopsis A Numerical Study of the Spray Characteristics If the UIUC Subsonic Wind Tunnel by : Abdollah Khodadoust
Download or read book A Numerical Study of the Spray Characteristics If the UIUC Subsonic Wind Tunnel written by Abdollah Khodadoust and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Nozzle Type, Operating Pressure, and Tank-Mixture Components on Droplet Characteristics and the EPA's Drift Reduction Rating by : Greg R. Kruger
Download or read book The Influence of Nozzle Type, Operating Pressure, and Tank-Mixture Components on Droplet Characteristics and the EPA's Drift Reduction Rating written by Greg R. Kruger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of drift reduction technology (DRT) guidelines by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established testing protocols for nozzles, agrochemicals, application parameters, and combinations thereof for applying agrochemicals by certified individuals in the United States. The Pesticide Application and Technology Laboratory in North Platte, Nebraska, sought to develop a large database of droplet spectrum data in regards to agrochemical applications by ground systems. The results of this study indicated that nozzle type had the greatest impact on the droplet spectrums measured. DRT star ratings ranged from zero to four, depending upon nozzle selection and adjuvant inclusion. The results of this study indicated that factors that affect a droplet spectrum, including nozzle type, tank-mixture components, and operating pressure, should be tested together when submitting data to the EPA.
Book Synopsis Effect of Drift Retardant Chemicals on Spray Drift, Droplet Size and Spray Pattern by : KD. Ackerman
Download or read book Effect of Drift Retardant Chemicals on Spray Drift, Droplet Size and Spray Pattern written by KD. Ackerman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific objectives of this study were to determine the effects of various drift retardant chemicals (Direct, Driftgard, Formula 358, Nalco-trol, and Target) on droplet size, spray pattern, and spray drift reduction. The results of this study indicated that, at recommended rates, Nalco-trol provided the largest increase in volume median diameters of the sprays followed by Direct, Target, Driftgard, and Formula 358. In general all drift retardants created patterns with greater volume toward the center than that of water only. Cumulative deposits beyond 0.5 m downwind increased for all drift retardants when the wind velocity was increased from 2.0 to 4.0 m/s. The least amount of downwind deposit beyond 0.5 m at 4.0 m/s was with Nalco-trol followed by Target, Driftgard, Direct and Formula 358. In general, a comparison of the spray deposits from mixtures containing drift retardants on horizontal targets and vertical strings indicated that Nalco-trol and Target were the most effective in reducing spray drift followed by Direct, Driftgard, and Formula 358.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of a Modified Guar OD Formulation for Spray Drift Mitigation by : Alan Halecky
Download or read book Evaluation of a Modified Guar OD Formulation for Spray Drift Mitigation written by Alan Halecky and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil dispersions (OD) of spray drift mitigation agents offer ease of incorporation of the agent into the tank mix. An oil dispersion of guar gum has been developed that not only achieves even dispersion of guar into the spray tank but also exhibits good physical stability. The influence of dispersing agents and emulsifiers on spray characteristics, rheology, and physical stability was examined.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Study of High-pressure Diesel Spray Characteristics by : Tsung-Cheng Wang
Download or read book An Experimental Study of High-pressure Diesel Spray Characteristics written by Tsung-Cheng Wang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Evaluation of Droplet Spectra from Drift Reduction Nozzles by : Alvin R. Womac
Download or read book Comprehensive Evaluation of Droplet Spectra from Drift Reduction Nozzles written by Alvin R. Womac and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size by : W. Clint Hoffmann
Download or read book Effects of Air Speed and Liquid Temperature on Droplet Size written by W. Clint Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advancements in both application hardware (e.g., nozzles and spray assist devices) and spray property modification products have led to a number of products that are specifically designed to maximize the on-target deposition and minimize off-target movement of spray droplets. Testing protocols are being developed to objectively measure spray drift reduction from a wide range of drift reduction technologies (DRTs) including spray nozzles, sprayer modifications, spray delivery assistance, spray property modifiers (adjuvants), and/or landscape modifications. Using a DRT evaluation protocol, the objectives of this work were to study the effects of different air speeds on droplet size from different spray nozzles and spray solutions and to further evaluate the effects of differences in liquid and air temperature on droplet size at the different air speeds tested. Measured spray droplet size was significantly affected by changes in airspeed with the DV0.5 increasing by ~30-100 ?m and the percent of spray volume less than 200 ?m decreasing by 50 % or more as the tunnel airspeed was increased from 0.5 to 6.7 m/s (1 to 15 miles per hour), depending on the spray solution, spray nozzle, and air speed. The data also showed a lesser influence of temperature differential between the spray solution and ambient air, with the differences seen most likely resulting from changes in spray solution physical properties with the changes in liquid temperature. Most importantly, this study demonstrated that a reference nozzle evaluated under the same conditions resulted in the reduction in driftable fines while the DRT remained constant across all conditions tested.
Author :North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 :9789283504689 Total Pages :4 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (46 download)
Book Synopsis AGARD Advisory Report by : North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development
Download or read book AGARD Advisory Report written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orchard Spraying written by D. E. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies on the Spray Drift of Plant Protection Products by : Heinz Ganzelmeier
Download or read book Studies on the Spray Drift of Plant Protection Products written by Heinz Ganzelmeier and published by . This book was released on 1995-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atomization and Sprays by : Arthur H. Lefebvre
Download or read book Atomization and Sprays written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this long-time bestseller provides a framework for designing and understanding sprays for a wide array of engineering applications. The text contains correlations and design tools that can be easily understood and used in relating the design of atomizers to the resulting spray behavior. Written to be accessible to readers with a modest technical background, the emphasis is on application rather than in-depth theory. Numerous examples are provided to serve as starting points for using the information in the book. Overall, this is a thoroughly updated edition that still retains the practical focus and readability of the original work by Arthur Lefebvre.
Book Synopsis Principles of Food Sanitation by : Norman G. Marriott
Download or read book Principles of Food Sanitation written by Norman G. Marriott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large volume food processing and preparation operations have increased the need for improved sanitary practices from processing to consumption. This trend presents a challenge to every employee in the food processing and food prepara tion industry. Sanitation is an applied science for the attainment of hygienic conditions. Because of increased emphasis on food safety, sanitation is receiving increased attention from those in the food industry. Traditionally, inexperienced employees with few skills who have received little or no training have been delegated sanitation duties. Yet sanitation employees require intensive training. In the past, these employees, including sanitation program managers, have had only limited access to material on this subject. Technical information has been confined primarily to a limited number of training manuals provided by regulatory agen cies, industry and association manuals, and recommendations from equipment and cleaning compound firms. Most of this material lacks specific information related to the selection of appropriate cleaning methods, equipment, compounds, and sanitizers for maintaining hygienic conditions in food processing and prepara tion facilities. The purpose of this text is to provide sanitation information needed to ensure hygienic practices. Sanitation is a broad subject; thus, principles related to con tamination, cleaning compounds, sanitizers, and cleaning equipment, and specific directions for applying these principles to attain hygienic conditions in food processing and food preparation are discussed. The discussion starts with the importance of sanitation and also includes regulatory requirements and voluntary sanitation programs including additional and updated information on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP).
Book Synopsis Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner by : Leslie Neal-Boylan
Download or read book Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.
