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Wind Sea Ice Inertial Oscillations And Upper Ocean Mixing In Marguerite Bay Western Antarctic Peninsula Observations And Modeling
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Book Synopsis Wind, Sea Ice, Inertial Oscillations and Upper Ocean Mixing in Marguerite Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula: Observations and Modeling by :
Download or read book Wind, Sea Ice, Inertial Oscillations and Upper Ocean Mixing in Marguerite Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula: Observations and Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2006.
Book Synopsis Wind, Sea Ice, Inertial Oscillations and Upper Ocean Mixing in Marguerite Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula by :
Download or read book Wind, Sea Ice, Inertial Oscillations and Upper Ocean Mixing in Marguerite Bay, Western Antarctic Peninsula written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2006.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Report by : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Download or read book Annual Report written by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Air-Ice-Ocean Interaction by : Miles McPhee
Download or read book Air-Ice-Ocean Interaction written by Miles McPhee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when the polar regions are undergoing rapid and unprecedented change, understanding exchanges of momentum, heat and salt at the ice-ocean interface is critical for realistically predicting the future state of sea ice. By offering a measurement platform largely unaffected by surface waves, drifting sea ice provides a unique laboratory for studying aspects of geophysical boundary layer flows that are extremely difficult to measure elsewhere. This book draws on both extensive observations and theoretical principles to develop a concise description of the impact of stress, rotation, and buoyancy on the turbulence scales that control exchanges between the atmosphere and underlying ocean when sea ice is present. Several interesting and unique observational data sets are used to illustrate different aspects of ice-ocean interaction ranging from the impact of salt on melting in the Greenland Sea marginal ice zone, to how nonlinearities in the equation of state for seawater affect mixing in the Weddell Sea. The book’s content, developed from a series of lectures, may be appropriate additional material for upper-level undergraduates and first-year graduate students studying the geophysics of sea ice and planetary boundary layers.
Book Synopsis Integrated Ecosystem Studies of Western Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf Waters and Related Southern Ocean Regions by : Eileen Elizabeth Hofmann
Download or read book Integrated Ecosystem Studies of Western Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf Waters and Related Southern Ocean Regions written by Eileen Elizabeth Hofmann and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Waves in the Autumn Arctic Ocean by : Madison Smith
Download or read book The Role of Waves in the Autumn Arctic Ocean written by Madison Smith and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decline of sea ice coverage in the Arctic Ocean has resulted in a substantial seasonal wave climate. Waves generated in the open water are attenuated far into the sea ice, but are a defining feature of the marginal ice zone (MIZ). In autumn, waves in the MIZ can be large due to the significant open water area following the minimum ice extent. Waves are expected to affect ice cover development through both kinematic and thermodynamic processes. In this research, I use observations from 2015 in the Beaufort Sea region to improve understanding of key feedbacks between waves and sea ice, and describe implications for autumn ice formation. In the MIZ, where surface waves are often present, much of the ice forms through the 'pancake cycle'. Gradients in wave orbital velocities across the surface cause small ice crystals to be herded into increasingly larger, rounded floes. Modeling the relative motion between ice floes is the basis for describing pancake ice growth, as well as the attenuation of wave energy associated with their motion. Here, existing models for ice motion and growth are evaluated using coincident measurements of waves and pancake sea ice made using shipboard stereo video. The observations are well captured by existing models, and relative velocities of floes are typically small compared to the mean orbital velocities. The models for relative motion of pancake sea ice due to waves can be subsequently used to estimate attenuation of wave energy due to floe motion. Under the conditions observed, estimates of wave energy loss from ice-ocean turbulence are much larger than those from pancake collisions, and can account for most of the observed wave attenuation. In addition to the general trends of sea ice growth in the Arctic in autumn, ice edge advance can be temporarily reversed as a result of upper ocean mixing by wind and waves. Observations during a high wind and wave event demonstrate how heat released from the upper ocean can melt significant amounts of newly formed pancake sea ice. Measurements from drifting buoys and ship-based platforms are used to construct heat and salt budgets, which give a consistent picture of the air-ice-ocean evolution. Following the event, there was less heat remaining in the upper ocean and sea ice formation quickly resumed. The young ice cover formed throughout the autumn significantly changes the way in which momentum is transferred from the wind to the waves, and into the ocean below. Using coincident measurements of sea ice, wind, surface waves, and near-surface turbulence across a range of conditions, I quantify the relationship between new sea ice formation, attenuation of waves, and suppression of near-surface turbulence. Sea ice formation reduces the wind input transfer velocity by attenuating the short waves, which simultaneously suppresses the wave-driven near-surface turbulence. As ice thickens and grows, the ice provides the dominant roughness for wind input. Based on the observations, I suggest parameters for estimating near-surface turbulence in thin pancake and frazil ice, which are ubiquitous in autumn marginal ice zones. The results of this research provide validation and parameterization for a new class of sea ice models that include dynamic and thermodynamic floe processes. Constraining rates of pancake ice growth is important as it occurs at a much faster rate than simple thermodynamic ice growth, and it is believed to be more common in the Arctic Ocean in recent years. Yet, as the timing of the ice-edge advance shifts later into stormier autumn months, waves from storm events may play an increasing role in delaying ice advance. Thus, the coupled wave-ice interactions examined are likely to become increasingly important in determining the state of the autumn Arctic Ocean with the growing wave climate.
Book Synopsis On the Generation and Directional Recording of Waves in the Arctic Ocean by : Leonard A. LeSchack
Download or read book On the Generation and Directional Recording of Waves in the Arctic Ocean written by Leonard A. LeSchack and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment to investigate the directional nature and the possible generation mechanisms for waves on the Arctic Ocean, an ocean almost entirely covered with sea ice, is described. The waves under consideration have periods between 10 and 100 seconds and amplitudes between 0.001 and 2.0 centimeters. In the present work an array of two continuously recording gravimeters 1,240 meters apart was established at drift station ARLIS II. Observed waves with distinct periods were associated with a storm over Siberia. A continuously recording microbarograph sensitive to atmospheric micropressure oscillations in the 10- to 100-second period range was also installed at ARLIS II. Distinct oscillations were observed in this period range having amplitude of from 20 to 400 dynes/sq cm. Power spectra of micropressure records made before, during, and after a storm show that oscillation amplitude is proportional to the period of the oscillation and speed of local winds. Cross correlation between the micropressure records and wave records taken with a gravimeter at the same location as the microbarograph shows a positive correlation between the micropressure waves and the ocean waves. This correlation appears to vary with the direction of the local surface wind. These micropressure waves contained sufficient force to bend the ice and generate the observed water waves. (Author).
Book Synopsis Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987 by : Per Gloersen
Download or read book Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987 written by Per Gloersen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309456037 Total Pages :83 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean-Climate System by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Antarctic Sea Ice Variability in the Southern Ocean-Climate System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-24 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sea ice surrounding Antarctica has increased in extent and concentration from the late 1970s, when satellite-based measurements began, until 2015. Although this increasing trend is modest, it is surprising given the overall warming of the global climate and the region. Indeed, climate models, which incorporate our best understanding of the processes affecting the region, generally simulate a decrease in sea ice. Moreover, sea ice in the Arctic has exhibited pronounced declines over the same period, consistent with global climate model simulations. For these reasons, the behavior of Antarctic sea ice has presented a conundrum for global climate change science. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in January 2016, to bring together scientists with different sets of expertise and perspectives to further explore potential mechanisms driving the evolution of recent Antarctic sea ice variability and to discuss ways to advance understanding of Antarctic sea ice and its relationship to the broader ocean-climate system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Book Synopsis Journal of Geophysical Research by :
Download or read book Journal of Geophysical Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Sea Ice in Mediating Atmosphere-ice-ocean Momentum Transfer by : Samuel Dale Brenner
Download or read book The Role of Sea Ice in Mediating Atmosphere-ice-ocean Momentum Transfer written by Samuel Dale Brenner and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ongoing loss of Arctic sea ice prompts questions about changes in momentum transfer across the atmosphere-ice-ocean system and potential climate feedback mechanisms, but the role of the ice in mediating that process is not fully understood. To address knowledge gaps about atmosphere-ice-ocean momentum transfer, this study makes use of in situ measurements collected during two recent observational campaigns in the Beaufort Sea: the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) program and the Stratified Ocean Dynamics of the Arctic (SODA) program. The research is presented in two parts.Part I develops data processing methods for instrumentation deployed as part of the SODA program while part II uses data from both programs to evaluate controls of sea ice on the ocean surface stress and the associated response in the ocean surface mixed layer (ML). Measurements of upper ocean properties can be challenging in the Arctic Ocean due to environmental conditions, including the need for moored instruments to avoid contact with sea ice. Part I of this work describes methods for developing usable data products from upward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements on the SODA moorings. This encompasses methods for creating combined data records from vertically-offset ADCPs on the same mooring chain and methods for using ADCPs to estimate surface ML depth and temperature. As ML depth and temperature measurements are not typically possible from subsurface moorings in the Arctic, the approach developed here provides considerable value and could be applied to other extant mooring records to recover information about ML property variability or trends. Building on these measurements, part II considers how sea ice properties, such as concentration and morphology, affect the transfer of momentum from the sea ice to the ocean and the associated upper-ocean dynamics. Ice-ocean drag coefficients, a measure of momentum transfer efficiency, calculated using a force-balance approach from the SODA mooring data show seasonal variations consistent with past observations, but at odds with previous model results.Tests of model parameterizations of drag based on direct observations of under-ice morphology reveal that the model-observation mismatch can be attributed to inaccuracies in empirical translations from bulk geometric properties to detailed geometry statistics, especially under-representation of floe sizes. The mooring measurements further show a seasonal upper-ocean response to surface stress, with minimal energy in ML inertial oscillations under sea ice cover. A simplified momentum budget for the coupled ice-ocean system shows that the seasonality stems from a combination of internal stress in the ice damping the oscillations and seasonal variability in the ocean ML depth. Finally, shipboard measurements from the MIZ program show the evolution of ice-edge-located freshwater front as it reacted to changes in the surface wind stress, raising questions about how sea ice might impact spatial heterogeneity of stress and how that might interact with frontal dynamics. This research shows that boundary layer dynamics and internal ice mechanics both play a role in mediating atmosphere-ice-ocean momentum transfer. The results suggest future trends of more "slippery" ice-ocean boundary layer, and decreasing internal sea ice stress, which could lead to increased sea ice drift speeds and more direct atmosphere-ocean coupling.
Download or read book 2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wind Waves in Sea Ice of the Western Arctic and a Global Coupled Wave-ice Model by : Vincent T. Cooper
Download or read book Wind Waves in Sea Ice of the Western Arctic and a Global Coupled Wave-ice Model written by Vincent T. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The retreat of Arctic sea ice is enabling increased ocean wave activity at the ice edge, yet the interactions between surface waves and sea ice are not fully understood. Here, we examine in situ observations of wave spectra spanning 2012-2021 in the western Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ). Swell waves are rarely observed beyond 100 km inside the MIZ. However, local wind waves are observed forming in patches of open water amid partial ice cover during summer. These local waves remain fetch-limited between ice floes with heights less than 1 m. To investigate the physics of these waves, we conduct experiments varying wave attenuation and generation in ice in a global model with coupled interactions between waves and sea ice. A weak high-frequency attenuation rate is required to simulate the wind waves reported in observations. The choice of attenuation scheme and the wind input in ice have a remarkable impact on the extent of wave activity in sea ice across polar oceans, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. As well as demonstrating the need for stronger constraints on wave attenuation, our results suggest further attention should be paid to locally generated wind waves and their role in sea ice evolution.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Observational Studies of Sea Ice-mixed Layer Interactions on the West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf by : David Allen Smith
Download or read book Modeling and Observational Studies of Sea Ice-mixed Layer Interactions on the West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf written by David Allen Smith and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antarctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976 written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shelf Currents, Ice and Wind by : Sarah L. Russell
Download or read book Shelf Currents, Ice and Wind written by Sarah L. Russell and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of sea ice, downwelling favorable winds and barotropic background currents on shelf fronts are examined using numerical models. The first part of the thesis uses a three dimensional, primitive equation model to examine the behavior of a shelf front under steady, along shelf winds and barotropic currents. The wind stress generates shoreward surface Ekman transport and the barotropic current generates an offshore bottom Ekman transport. In both cases, the Ekman transport causes the creation of mixed layers and a relationship describing the mixed layer thickness is derived relating the cross shelf flux of density to the along shelf flux of density. The second part of the thesis focuses on the ice-ocean interaction using a simple, two layer, one dimensional toy model. In the presence of a current and the absence of wind, the ice is transported downstream with the current. In the presence of wind and the absence of a current, the net ice-ocean transport is perpendicular to the wind, as is expected for Ekman layer theory. The two layer system acts like a poorly resolved Ekman spiral: the ice has down wind and shoreward transport while the ocean has up wind and shoreward transport.
