Willens Und Handlungsfreiheit In Einer Welt Sich Selbstorganisierender Systeme

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Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit in einer Welt sich selbstorganisierender Systeme

Author : Tom Fengel
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668737053
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (687 download)

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Book Synopsis Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit in einer Welt sich selbstorganisierender Systeme by : Tom Fengel

Download or read book Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit in einer Welt sich selbstorganisierender Systeme written by Tom Fengel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich Philosophie - Sonstiges, Note: 2,2, Technische Universität Dresden (Institut für Philosophie), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit soll es um die grundlegende Streitfrage nach der Freiheit des menschlichen Willens, Entscheidens und Handelns gehen. Zunächst werde ich dabei auf die Debatte eingehen, die schon lange in den Geistes- und Naturwissenschaften vonstatten geht, um zu klären, was Freiheit in diesem Sinne überhaupt bedeutet und warum sie denn in Frage gestellt werden kann. Dazu dient in erster Linie der naturwissenschaftliche ‚Erklärungsrahmen‘, den man auf die Frage nach der Freiheit anwendet – Die Neurobiologie und die Neurophysiologie. Anschließend soll die Freiheit dann im Rahmen von Systemen betrachtet werden, in die die Systemtheorie die Welt aufteilt. Ein kurzer Einblick in die Betrachtung der Freiheit im ‚Erklärungsrahmen‘ der Systemtheorie von Tim König auf der Grundlage von Niklas Luhmann zeigt uns dabei eine Entscheidung, die für die Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit aus sozialer Systemperspektive getroffen werden kann. Abschließend will ich einen dritten ‚Erklärungsrahmen‘ nutzen, um die Freiheit zu betrachten. Dieser dritte Ansatz geht von Systemen aus, die sich selbst organisieren. Vorteilhafterweise können zwei Systeme, die unmittelbar mit der Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit in Verbindung gebracht werden, als solche beschrieben werden. Somit werde ich das Gehirn und das Bewusstsein als selbstorganisierende Systeme auf ihre Entscheidung nach der Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit hin untersuchen. Viele werden sich fragen, wo es denn ein Problem mit der Freiheit im Willen und Handeln geben soll. Man fühlt sich doch eigentlich frei in dem, wie man denkt und handelt. Diese Intuition der Freiheit ist auch ein häufig angeführtes Argument ihrer Befürworter, denn wie können so viele Menschen in ihrer Intuition irren? Genauso gut könnte man aber fragen, warum so viele Menschen irrten, als sie glaubten, die Erde wäre eine Scheibe oder der Mittelpunkt des Sonnensystems, als sie dachten der Äther wäre die Substanz in der Luft, die Wellen und Licht überträgt, oder als man dachte, alles Materielle wäre aus den vier Elementen zusammengestellt. Warum sollte man aber gerade die Willens- und Handlungsfreiheit in Frage stellen? Zum einen aus der Überzeugung, dass alles Wollen und die damit ausgelösten Handlungen einen kausalen Ursprung haben.

Aerocene

Author : Eva Horn
Publisher : Skira Editore
ISBN 13 : 9788857234731
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerocene by : Eva Horn

Download or read book Aerocene written by Eva Horn and published by Skira Editore. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Aerocene project consists of a series of airborne sculptures that will achieve the longest emissions-free journey around the world becoming buoyant only by the heat of the Sun and infrared radiation from the surface of Earth.

Code

Author : Gerfried Stocker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Code by : Gerfried Stocker

Download or read book Code written by Gerfried Stocker and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by Gerfried Stocker and Christine Schepf. Essays by Peter J. Bentley, Erkki Huhtamo, Friedrich Kittler and Pierre Levy.

Chaos Bound

Author : N. Katherine Hayles
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501722964
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Chaos Bound by : N. Katherine Hayles

Download or read book Chaos Bound written by N. Katherine Hayles and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayles’s point is that the almost simultaneous appearance of interest in complex systems across many disciplines―physics, mathematics, biology, information theory, literature, literary theory―signals a profound paradigm and epistemological shift. She calls the new paradigm ‘orderly disorder.’ This is a timely, informative, and enormously thought-provoking book. — Nancy Craig Simmons ― American Literature N. Katherine Hayles here investigates parallels between contemporary literature and critical theory and the science of chaos. She finds in both scientific and literary discourse new interpretations of chaos, which is seen no longer as disorder but as a locus of maximum information and complexity. She examines structures and themes of disorder in The Education of Henry Adams, Doris Lessing’s Golden Notebook, and works by Stanislaw Lem. Hayles shows how the writings of poststructuralist theorists including Barthes, Lyotard, Derrida, Serres, and de Man incorporate central features of chaos theory.

I am Not a Brain

Author : Markus Gabriel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509514783
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis I am Not a Brain by : Markus Gabriel

Download or read book I am Not a Brain written by Markus Gabriel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many consider the nature of human consciousness to be one of the last great unsolved mysteries. Why should the light turn on, so to speak, in human beings at all? And how is the electrical storm of neurons under our skull connected with our consciousness? Is the self only our brain's user interface, a kind of stage on which a show is performed that we cannot freely direct? In this book, philosopher Markus Gabriel challenges an increasing trend in the sciences towards neurocentrism, a notion which rests on the assumption that the self is identical to the brain. Gabriel raises serious doubts as to whether we can know ourselves in this way. In a sharp critique of this approach, he presents a new defense of the free will and provides a timely introduction to philosophical thought about the self – all with verve, humor, and surprising insights. Gabriel criticizes the scientific image of the world and takes us on an eclectic journey of self-reflection by way of such concepts as self, consciousness, and freedom, with the aid of Kant, Schopenhauer, and Nagel but also Dr. Who, The Walking Dead, and Fargo.

Symbiotic Planet

Author : Lynn Margulis
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 078672448X
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbiotic Planet by : Lynn Margulis

Download or read book Symbiotic Planet written by Lynn Margulis and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2008-08-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Charles Darwin's theory of evolution laid the foundations of modern biology, it did not tell the whole story. Most remarkably, The Origin of Species said very little about, of all things, the origins of species. Darwin and his modern successors have shown very convincingly how inherited variations are naturally selected, but they leave unanswered how variant organisms come to be in the first place. In Symbiotic Planet, renowned scientist Lynn Margulis shows that symbiosis, which simply means members of different species living in physical contact with each other, is crucial to the origins of evolutionary novelty. Ranging from bacteria, the smallest kinds of life, to the largest -- the living Earth itself -- Margulis explains the symbiotic origins of many of evolution's most important innovations. The very cells we're made of started as symbiotic unions of different kinds of bacteria. Sex -- and its inevitable corollary, death -- arose when failed attempts at cannibalism resulted in seasonally repeated mergers of some of our tiniest ancestors. Dry land became forested only after symbioses of algae and fungi evolved into plants. Since all living things are bathed by the same waters and atmosphere, all the inhabitants of Earth belong to a symbiotic union. Gaia, the finely tuned largest ecosystem of the Earth's surface, is just symbiosis as seen from space. Along the way, Margulis describes her initiation into the world of science and the early steps in the present revolution in evolutionary biology; the importance of species classification for how we think about the living world; and the way "academic apartheid" can block scientific advancement. Written with enthusiasm and authority, this is a book that could change the way you view our living Earth.

Principle-Based Parsing

Author : R. C. Berwick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940113474X
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Principle-Based Parsing by : R. C. Berwick

Download or read book Principle-Based Parsing written by R. C. Berwick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Risk Savvy

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0141970111
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Savvy by : Gerd Gigerenzer

Download or read book Risk Savvy written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating, practical guide to making better decisions with our money, health and personal lives from Gerd Gigerenzer, the author of Reckoning with Risk. Risk-taking is essential for innovation, fun, and the courage to face the uncertainties in life. Yet for many important decisions, we're often presented with statistics and probabilities that we don't really understand and we inevitably rely on experts in the relevant fields - policy makers, financial advisors, doctors - to analyse and choose for us. But what if they don't quite understand the way the information is presented either? How do we make sure we're asking doctors the right questions about proposed treatment? Is there a rule of thumb that could help choose the right partner? This entertaining book shows us how to recognize when we don't have all the information and know what to do about it. Gerd Gigerenzer looks at examples from every aspect of life to identify the reasons for our collective misunderstanding of the risks we face. He shows how we can all use simple rules to avoid being manipulated into unrealistic fears or hopes, to make better-informed decisions, and to learn to understand risk and uncertainty in our own lives. 'Gigerenzer is brilliant and his topic is fabulous' Steven Pinker 'Catchily optimistic and slyly funny' Guardian Gerd Gigerenzer is Director of the Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin and former Professor of Psychology at the University of Chicago. He is the author of several books on heuristics and decision making, including Reckoning with Risk.

Inventive Life

Author : Mariam Fraser
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1473971845
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (739 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventive Life by : Mariam Fraser

Download or read book Inventive Life written by Mariam Fraser and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006-01-19 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how and why vitalism - the idea that life cannot be explained by the principles of mechanism - matters now. Vitalism resists closure and reductionism in the life sciences whilst simultaneously addressing the object of life itself. The aim of this collection is to consider the questions that vitalism makes it possible to ask: questions about the role and status of life across the sciences, social sciences and humanities and questions about contingency, indeterminacy, relationality and change. All have special importance now, as the concepts of complexity, artificial life and artificial intelligence, information theory and cybernetics become increasingly significant in more and more fields of activity.

Biological Autonomy

Author : Alvaro Moreno
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401798370
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Autonomy by : Alvaro Moreno

Download or read book Biological Autonomy written by Alvaro Moreno and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Darwin, Biology has been framed on the idea of evolution by natural selection, which has profoundly influenced the scientific and philosophical comprehension of biological phenomena and of our place in Nature. This book argues that contemporary biology should progress towards and revolve around an even more fundamental idea, that of autonomy. Biological autonomy describes living organisms as organised systems, which are able to self-produce and self-maintain as integrated entities, to establish their own goals and norms, and to promote the conditions of their existence through their interactions with the environment. Topics covered in this book include organisation and biological emergence, organisms, agency, levels of autonomy, cognition, and a look at the historical dimension of autonomy. The current development of scientific investigations on autonomous organisation calls for a theoretical and philosophical analysis. This can contribute to the elaboration of an original understanding of life - including human life - on Earth, opening new perspectives and enabling fecund interactions with other existing theories and approaches. This book takes up the challenge.

An Entangled Bank

Author : Joel Bartholemew Hagen
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780813518244
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis An Entangled Bank by : Joel Bartholemew Hagen

Download or read book An Entangled Bank written by Joel Bartholemew Hagen and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was a revelation. I was simply enthralled by Joel Hagen's brilliance in reviewing the emergence of the discipline of ecosystem ecology (the study of biotic-abiotic interaction and nutrient flows in ecological systems). He does a magnificent job of introducing the personalities that midwived the new science. He explains their intellectual struggles, philosophical cross-currents, and different academic milieux. He also expertly illuminates sociopolitical context. Through his in-depth research he is able to dispel some misconceptions and truismsm, arriving at the heart of what made each scientist tick. Even when exploring some of the arcane figures and dead-end developments, he is so compelling that they become integral to the story, not sidetracks. His breadth of knowledge, his discerning inclusiveness, his clarity of thought, all make _An Entangled Bank_ a stimulating read. Very often in science courses we are presented only with the canonical "state of the science," having to swallow its agglomerated whole free of context. Hagen reveals the wisdom of understanding intellectual foundations. Through study of the origins and development of a science, we may better grasp the received tenets of current scientific understanding. As a young science, ecosystem ecology has a historical context that is relatively accessible to us, if less romantic than a tale of the origins of astronomy might be. A peek into the labs and offices of botanists, limnologists, and biogeochemists might not seem like the acme of excitement. Hagen inspires us with his insights. He makes his subject meaningful to us. Though it is not pleasure reading by any stretch, its clear-sighted intellectual vigor makes _An Entangled Bank_ pure enjoyment.

Telematic Embrace

Author : Roy Ascott
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520218031
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Telematic Embrace by : Roy Ascott

Download or read book Telematic Embrace written by Roy Ascott and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Telematic Embrace combines a provocative collection of writings from 1964 to the present by the preeminent artist and art theoretician Roy Ascott, with a critical essay by Edward Shanken that situates Ascott's work within a history of ideas in art, technology, and philosophy.

A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology

Author : Frank B. Golley
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300066425
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology by : Frank B. Golley

Download or read book A History of the Ecosystem Concept in Ecology written by Frank B. Golley and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ecosystem concept--the idea that flora and fauna interact with the environment to form an ecological complex--has long been central to the public perception of ecology and to increasing awareness of environmental degradation. In this book an eminent ecologist explains the ecosystem concept, tracing its evolution, describing how numerous American and European researchers contributed to its evolution, and discussing the explosive growth of ecosystem studies. Golley surveys the development of the ecosystem concept in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and discusses the coining of the term ecosystem by the English ecologist Sir Arthur George Tansley in 1935. He then reviews how the American ecologist Raymond Lindeman applied the concept to a small lake in Minnesota and showed how the biota and the environment of the lake interacted through the exchange of energy. Golley describes how a seminal textbook on ecology written by Eugene P. Odum helped to popularize the ecosystem concept and how numerous other scientists investigated its principles and published their results. He relates how ecosystem studies dominated ecology in the 1960s and became a key element of the International Biological Program biome studies in the United States--a program aimed at "the betterment of mankind" specifically through conservation, human genetics, and improvements in the use of natural resources; how a study of watershed ecosystems in Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, blazed new paths in ecosystem research by defining the limits of the system in a natural way; and how current research uses the ecosystem concept. Throughout Golley shows how the ecosystem concept has been shaped internationally by both developments in other disciplines and by personalities and politics.

General Ecology

Author : Erich Hörl
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350014710
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis General Ecology by : Erich Hörl

Download or read book General Ecology written by Erich Hörl and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecology has become one of the most urgent and lively fields in both the humanities and sciences. In a dramatic widening of scope beyond its original concern with the coexistence of living organisms within a natural environment, it is now recognized that there are ecologies of mind, information, sensation, perception, power, participation, media, behavior, belonging, values, the social, the political... a thousand ecologies. This proliferation is not simply a metaphorical extension of the figurative potential of natural ecology: rather, it reflects the thoroughgoing imbrication of natural and technological elements in the constitution of the contemporary environments we inhabit, the rise of a cybernetic natural state, with its corresponding mode of power. Hence this ecology of ecologies initiates and demands that we go beyond the specificity of any particular ecology: a general thinking of ecology which may also constitute an ecological transformation of thought itself is required. In this ambitious and radical new volume of writings, some of the most exciting contemporary thinkers in the field take on the task of revealing and theorizing the extent of the ecologization of existence as the effect of our contemporary sociotechnological condition: together, they bring out the complexity and urgency of the challenge of ecological thought-one we cannot avoid if we want to ask and indeed have a chance of affecting what forms of life, agency, modes of existence, human or otherwise, will participate-and how-in this planet's future.

On Location

Author : Benjamin Morison
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199247919
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis On Location by : Benjamin Morison

Download or read book On Location written by Benjamin Morison and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to explain as carefully as possible Aristotle's account of place given in the Physics, Book IV, Chs. 1-5. Also aims to rehabilitate it as a piece of philosophy, after many centuries of its being dismissed as inadequate. Discusses the importance of the concept of place to natural philosophy, including the role of so-called 'natural' places in the explanation of the natural motion of the elements.

The Oxford Handbook of Virtuality

Author : Mark Grimshaw
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0199826161
Total Pages : 794 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Virtuality by : Mark Grimshaw

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Virtuality written by Mark Grimshaw and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a compendium of thinking on virtuality and its relationship to reality from the perspective of a variety of philosophical and applied fields of study. Topics covered include presence, immersion, emotion, ethics, utopias and dystopias, image, sound, literature, AI, law, economics, medical and military applications, religion, and sex.

Relationscapes

Author : Erin Manning
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262518007
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Relationscapes by : Erin Manning

Download or read book Relationscapes written by Erin Manning and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new philosophy of movement that explores the active relation between sensation and thought through the prisms of dance, cinema, art, and new media. With Relationscapes, Erin Manning offers a new philosophy of movement challenging the idea that movement is simple displacement in space, knowable only in terms of the actual. Exploring the relation between sensation and thought through the prisms of dance, cinema, art, and new media, Manning argues for the intensity of movement. From this idea of intensity—the incipiency at the heart of movement—Manning develops the concept of preacceleration, which makes palpable how movement creates relational intervals out of which displacements take form. Discussing her theory of incipient movement in terms of dance and relational movement, Manning describes choreographic practices that work to develop with a body in movement rather than simply stabilizing that body into patterns of displacement. She examines the movement-images of Leni Riefenstahl, Étienne-Jules Marey, and Norman McLaren (drawing on Bergson's idea of duration), and explores the dot-paintings of contemporary Australian Aboriginal artists. Turning to language, Manning proposes a theory of prearticulation claiming that language's affective force depends on a concept of thought in motion. Relationscapes takes a “Whiteheadian perspective,” recognizing Whitehead's importance and his influence on process philosophers of the late twentieth century—Deleuze and Guattari in particular. It will be of special interest to scholars in new media, philosophy, dance studies, film theory, and art history.