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Who Implementation Tool For Pre Exposure Prophylaxis Prep Of Hiv Infection Module 13 Integrating Sti Services
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Book Synopsis WHO implementation tool for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection. Module 13. Integrating STI services by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO implementation tool for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection. Module 13. Integrating STI services written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO's pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection implementation tool contains modules for a range of stakeholders to support them in the consideration, planning, introduction, implementation and roll-out of PrEP services. The modules can be used on their own or in combination. In addition, there is a module for individuals interested in or already taking oral PrEP. The STI integration module compiles existing WHO recommendations, systematic scientific literature reviews and other relevant publications to provide suggested implementation approaches. It is the product of collaboration among many experts, community organizations and networks, providers, implementers, researchers and partners from all regions. The STI integration module is divided into 2 parts: the first focuses on programme managers and other decision-makers, and the second on health care workers. People who use PrEP will also benefit from it.
Book Synopsis WHO implementation tool for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO implementation tool for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV infection written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-07-10 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2024 update of the Provider module for oral and long-acting PrEP of the WHO PrEP Implementation Tool replaces the 2017 Clinical Module. The module integrates clinical service delivery guidance for all three WHO recommended PrEP products (oral PrEP, the dapivirine vaginal ring and long acting injectable cabotegravir). It provides practical support and important considerations for the safe and effective PrEP provision by a range of providers, including physicians, nurses, clinical officers, community health workers, pharmacists and lay and peer providers, in either clinical or community settings.
Book Synopsis Differentiated and simplified pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention by :
Download or read book Differentiated and simplified pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-07-31 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Digital adaptation kit for HIV: operational requirements for implementing WHO recommendations in digital systems by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Digital adaptation kit for HIV: operational requirements for implementing WHO recommendations in digital systems written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-12-21 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To ensure that countries can effectively benefit from digital health investments, “digital adaptation kits” (DAKs) are designed to facilitate the accurate reflection of WHO’s clinical, public health and data use guidelines in the digital systems that countries are adopting. DAKs are operational, software-neutral, standardized documentations that distil clinical, public health and data use guidance into a format that can be transparently incorporated into digital systems. For this particular DAK, the operational requirements are based on systems that provide the functionalities of digital tracking and decision support (DTDS) and include components such as personas, workflows, core data elements, decision-support algorithms, scheduling logic and reporting indicators. Web annexes provide certain components in additional detail including: data dictionary (Web Annex A), decision-support logic (Web Annex B), indicator definitions (Web Annex C), and functional and non-functional requirements (Web Annex D). Data elements within the DAK (Web Annex A) are mapped to standards-based terminology, such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), to facilitate interoperability. This DAK focuses on providing the content requirements for a DTDS system for HIV care used by health workers in primary health care settings. It also includes cross- cutting elements focused on the client, such as self-care interventions.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (prep) Implementation in Public HIV Care Clinics in Kenya by : Elizabeth M. Irungu
Download or read book Evaluation of Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (prep) Implementation in Public HIV Care Clinics in Kenya written by Elizabeth M. Irungu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Daily, oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) is a highly potent HIV prevention intervention with potential to reduce HIV incidence among populations at risk of HIV in Africa if delivered with sufficient coverage. There are extensive data from high-income countries describing diverse settings in which PrEP services are offered. However, data describing PrEP scale-up models in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Public HIV care and treatment programs in Africa have been very successful at scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the last 15 years and are an attractive choice for integration of PrEP delivery. The main objective of the work described in this dissertation was to evaluate the effectiveness of PrEP implementation and integration in public HIV care clinics. The specific aims include to 1) conduct a step wedge cluster randomized trial of PrEP integration in public health HIV care clinics (the Partners Scale-Up Project) and evaluate impact; 2) conduct a process evaluation of PrEP integration in public HIV care clinics in Kenya, focusing on adaptation; 3) develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an on-site modular training approach to amplify the number of health care providers trained to deliver PrEP in public HIV care clinics in Kenya; and 4) summarize early PrEP rollout in African settings, challenges encountered and opportunities to expand implementation. We found evidence that integration of PrEP in public HIV clinics was feasible. By improving the capacity of health providers in those care clinics to offer PrEP services through training and technical support, PrEP uptake increased more than 20-fold and was sustained. With existing personnel and infrastructure, the high-volume HIV care clinics efficiently reached partners of HIV infected persons and other populations at HIV risk. PrEP users had reasonable continuation rates and objective evidence of high adherence. Using qualitative methods, we found that clinics made pragmatic, effective adaptations to non-core components of PrEP delivery services and to their routine practice to address challenges in PrEP delivery. We established that clinics that instituted some of the adaptations had above average monthly PrEP initiation and continuation rates. To amplify PrEP delivery in public health facilities, we developed and evaluated an innovative on-site modular training approach. We found that this approach was acceptable and it enabled many health providers to receive PrEP training conveniently and at a relatively low cost. Finally, our summary of early PrEP roll out in Africa revealed that there was high interest in PrEP among all populations at risk of acquiring HIV, but individuals did not continue use as expected. We suggested strategies to make PrEP delivery efficient, including delivery within community pharmacies, use of peers, services availed in low tier facilities and exploration of one-stop services to make PrEP delivery less burdensome. The collective results presented in this dissertation illustrate that integration of PrEP services in public HIV care clinics in Kenya is a successful and sustainable model for PrEP implementation. We posit that this model can be scaled up in African countries planning to set up PrEP programs.
Book Synopsis Framework for monitoring sexually transmitted infections and strengthening surveillance by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Framework for monitoring sexually transmitted infections and strengthening surveillance written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-07-18 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication has been developed to provide a national framework for monitoring the health sector’s response to sexually transmitted infections and a set of core indicators to: -support countries monitor their programming for sexually transmitted infections and to identify gaps and challenges; and -facilitate regional and global tracking of the progress of WHO Member States in strengthening STI programming towards achieving the targets outlined in the global health sector strategies on, respectively, HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections. The core indicators are structured around currently available STI interventions and data that are routinely collected or can be monitored at least annually. The indicators are aligned with global reporting requirements and to the targets detailed in the global health sector strategies. Collecting and analysing these data will provide a comprehensive picture of the health burden of STIs and will inform how best to allocate resources to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of STI services. The publication also outlines a stepwise approach to strengthen the monitoring of STI programmes and STI surveillance.
Book Synopsis HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation Guide by :
Download or read book HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this implementation guide is to assist clinicians and/or agencies with integrating PrEP services into their current services. This guide will provide step-by-step instructions and resources for offering PrEP services. This guide can be used partly or completely for the implementation of PrEP services
Book Synopsis Optimizing HIV PrEP Implementation in the Primary Care Setting by : Cara P Nalagan
Download or read book Optimizing HIV PrEP Implementation in the Primary Care Setting written by Cara P Nalagan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite compelling evidence behind the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and its introduction in 2012, the prescription of PrEP has remained low (Silapaswan, Krakower, & Mayer, 2016). At the Asian and Pacific Islander Wellness Center (API), an urban primary care clinic in San Francisco, suboptimal PrEP implementation was related to a lack of standardized practice and routine HIV risk screening for PrEP provision. A doctorate of nursing (DNP) project was implemented to initiate a standardized HIV risk screening protocol for identifying HIV risk and PrEP eligibility to increase PrEP implementation at API. The impact of this protocol demonstrated an increase in the PrEP implementation cascade, particularly in HIV risk identification, PrEP offer, and evaluation of at-risk patients for PrEP uptake (initiation). During implementation of the HIV risk screening protocol, however, inconsistent clinical staff compliance with the routine screening tool led to an inadequate increase in PrEP offer for patients who tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This indicates a need for further reinforcement of standardized practice and clinical staff education on the importance of combining HIV risk screening and PrEP, with emphasis on the significant risk for HIV infection associated with positive STI, to effectively promote patient outcomes. Implications for further research include validation of the HIV PrEP screening tool used in the HIV risk screening protocol as a model for PrEP implementation in the primary care setting.
Book Synopsis Disparities in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Implementation for Black and Latinx Adults Receiving Care in Public Health Clinics by : Julie Kay Schexnayder
Download or read book Disparities in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Implementation for Black and Latinx Adults Receiving Care in Public Health Clinics written by Julie Kay Schexnayder and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively reduces the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. PrEP implementation in public health clinics is suggested for increasing PrEP access; However, it is unclear if these venues can reduce the disparities in PrEP use that are observed for Black and Latinx adults. We analyzed data from health departments completing their first PrEP program year between June 1, 2016 and June 30, 2019. We estimated PrEP coverage and adherence in Black and Latinx clients. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with multidisciplinary public health workers (n=6). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation guided a thematic analysis of interviews. Of the 433 PrEP clients, 52.0% were non-Hispanic Black and 8.9% were Hispanic/Latinx. PrEP to need ratios were greater for White clients than for Black or Latinx clients at five of the nine health departments. The average medication possession ratio for Black and Latinx PrEP clients (.79) approached effective daily adherence levels. However, a single prescription was filled for 25.0% of Black and Latinx clients. Qualitative data indicated compatibility issues between PrEP services delivery and community preferences and needs. Challenges integrating longitudinal follow-up practices, and complex PrEP re-enrollment procedures emerged as additional factors influencing PrEP outcomes. The results of this dissertation indicate that public health clinics vary in their ability to deliver all components of PrEP clinical monitoring and in their ability to increase PrEP coverage in Black and Latinx adults. Tailoring of PrEP services to Black and Latinx adults may be necessary to optimize PrEP coverage and adherence.
Book Synopsis Scaling Up and Out by : Stephanie Roche
Download or read book Scaling Up and Out written by Stephanie Roche and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Kenya, daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is a key component of the country’s national HIV/AIDS response. Since its approval by the Kenya national drug regulatory authority in 2015, PrEP has been rolled out predominantly in HIV clinics; however, the country’s 5-year plan for implementing PrEP at scale calls for integration of PrEP into other service delivery models and more efficient use of available resources. Currently, there is limited implementation science research to inform PrEP scale-up (i.e., expansion to additional HIV clinics) and scale-out (i.e., expansion to new service delivery models and populations) in Kenya. Our objective was to identify barriers and facilitators of PrEP integration and/or optimization in three healthcare settings: HIV clinics, family planning (FP) clinics, and retail pharmacies. In Aim 1, we analyzed data from a prospective cohort study delivering integrated PrEP-FP services to adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at two FP clinics in Kisumu, Kenya. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) compilation, we identified supply-side implementation strategies for integrating PrEP into routine FP services and contextual factors influencing strategy choice and outcome, as captured in routine monitoring and evaluation documents (n=213) and key informant interviews (n=15). We found that, overall, implementing PrEP was more labor intensive at a public FP clinic compared to a private, youth-friendly clinic because it required a series of implementation strategies to make the physical and social environment conductive to offering AGYW-centered care. Nevertheless, provider adoption of PrEP delivery was low at both clinics, likely due to the widespread perception that PrEP was not within their scope of work. We recommend that PrEP implementers approach PrEP implementation, in part, as a behavioral intervention for FP providers and specifically assess the need for implementation strategies that support providers’ clinical decision-making, address workload constraints, and establish clear worker expectations. In Aim 2, we conducted a pilot study of a one-stop shop (OSS) model for PrEP delivery at four public clinics in Western Province, Kenya and evaluated whether this model could improve care efficiency and acceptability without negatively impacting PrEP uptake or continuation. Interviews with clients (n=15) and providers (n=14), technical assistance reports (n=69), and clinic flow maps indicate that the OSS achieved efficiency gains by redirecting PrEP clients away from bottlenecks, moving steps closer together (e.g., relocating supplies; cross-training and task-shifting), and differentiating clients based on the subset of services needed. Analysis of time-and-motion observations (n=47) revealed that, following OSS implementation, median client wait time dropped significantly from 31 minutes to 6 minutes (p=0.02) while median time spent with a provider remained around 23 minutes (p=0.4). Clients and providers expressed a strong preference for the OSS model and additionally identified increased privacy, reduced stigma, and higher quality client-provider interactions as benefits of the OSS model. Controlled interrupted time series analysis of PrEP initiations (n=1227) and follow-up visits (n=2696) revealed no significant difference between intervention and control clinics in terms of trends in PrEP initiation and on-time returns (all p>0.05). We conclude that the OSS model is a promising option for reducing variability in service time and increasing client and provider satisfaction without adding additional human resources. In Aim 3, we conducted a formative research study to understand the acceptability and feasibility of retail pharmacy-based PrEP delivery. Using the CFIR, we conducted and analyzed in-depth interviews with 40 pharmacy clients, 16 pharmacy providers, 16 PrEP clients, and 10 PrEP providers from Kisumu and Kiambu Counties, Kenya. Most participants expressed strong support for expanding PrEP to retail pharmacies, though conditioned their acceptance on assurances that care would be private, respectful, safe, and affordable. Participant-reported determinants of feasibility centered primarily on ensuring that the intervention is compatible with retail pharmacy operations (e.g., adequate staffing; use of documentation systems that meet PrEP reporting requirements). Our findings may inform the development of a tailored package of implementation strategies for integrating PrEP into routine pharmacy practice.
Book Synopsis Initiating PrEP in Primary Care: Addressing the Adolescent and Young Adult High Risk Populations by : Igor G. Mocorro
Download or read book Initiating PrEP in Primary Care: Addressing the Adolescent and Young Adult High Risk Populations written by Igor G. Mocorro and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problem: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) ages 13 to 24 comprise a quarter of the new HIV diagnoses in the United States. Lack of access to HIV-preventive therapies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces opportunities to prevent HIV infection in this population. Initiating PrEP in AYA significantly reduces the negative health outcomes of HIV, but it is evident that many clinicians are still reluctant to initiate PrEP in AYA patients based on perceived threats and barriers. Context: Primary care clinics, including school-based clinics, have an opportunity to offer HIV prevention services including PrEP. This project, the Adolescent and Young Adult Comprehensive PrEP Education Project (AYA ComPrEP) is an HIV-prevention quality improvement project that is directed towards providing AYA high-risk populations with access to PrEP in the primary care setting. The project was supposed to be completed at the Balboa Teen Clinic of Balboa High School, a clinic serviced by the Community Health Programs for Youth (CHPY) of the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic shelter-in-place policy, the training for clinicians and staff, and roll out of PrEP service for adolescent clients of Balboa Teen Clinic was deferred to an unknown date. An online training and simulation for the University of San Francisco clinicians (nurse practitioner students) was conducted instead. Interventions: A site feasibility analysis was conducted, which include consultations with CHPY leadership and management, site assessment, conduct of face-to-face in-depth interviews among staff of Balboa Teen Clinic, and review of literature and best practices to develop recommendations for a pilot PrEP program for AYA. Some interventions were modified to focus on increasing the confidence of providers, nurse practitioners students of the University of San Francisco (USF) to prescribe PrEP to AYA. The focus of this DNP project was shifted to designing modules, conducting and evaluating of an online simulation, a PrEP training workshop for providers. The simulation include didactic, role play, case studies covering information, best practice recommendations on HIV and AIDS, HIV counseling, reproductive health, sexual orientation and gender identity initiative, and PrEP for AYA. Measures: A pre-assessment and post-simulation evaluation was utilized to determine the change in providers' knowledge, enabling attitudes, confidence, and readiness to offer HIV prevention services, and prescribe PrEP in preparation for their integration in clinics that they will be working. Case studies in the form of simulated patients to measure how they would apply the knowledge and confidence gained towards real life practice scenarios. Results: Nineteen clinicians attended the online PrEP simulation training-workshop. The data analysis revealed a 17.11% increase in HIV/AIDS & PrEP knowledge mean score (average scores: 76% for pre-simulation versus 89% for post-simulation) among participants. Likewise, HIV and PrEP enabling or non-stigmatizing attitude scores has increased by 18.3% (average scores: 71% for pre-simulation versus 84% for post-simulation). All the 19 clinicians revealed that their knowledge and confidence to prescribe PrEP to adolescents and young adults in their practice has increased as a result of attending the simulation (13 strongly agreed; 6 agreed) as compared to 2 clinicians prior to the simulation. Conclusions: PrEP targeted for at-risk AYA is necessary to reduce HIV rates. This is possible by breaking barriers to PrEP prescription through education and training of clinicians. PrEP should be included in the training and preparation of clinicians to address the adolescent and young adult populations. Online simulation training workshop for PrEP is an effective alternative means if face-to-face training is not possible.
Book Synopsis Thinking Ethically about HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Retention in Care and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in a Southeastern United States Local Health Department in the Time of COVID-19 by : Ellie Purdy
Download or read book Thinking Ethically about HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Retention in Care and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in a Southeastern United States Local Health Department in the Time of COVID-19 written by Ellie Purdy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: Local Health Departments (LHDs) are critical providers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention efforts. HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an evolving public health initiative and practitioners should consider PrEP interventions in context of ethical decision-making and a broad STI prevention strategy as global incidence of bacterial STIs remains high and those at-risk for HIV are generally at-risk for other STIs. An evaluation of the Thinking Ethically framework and LHD PrEP services was performed to fill a gap in the literature and support program decision-making. A retrospective review of PrEP user medical records from a LHD in north Georgia from July 2019 to June 2020 was performed and data were assessed using descriptive statistics, negative binomial, and logistic regression. Total STI tests performed by the LHD from July 2018 to June 2020 were calculated to determine the change in STI testing services associated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Thinking Ethically framework was valuable to PrEP-related decision-making. There were 63 PrEP users in the study period of which most were White non-Hispanic (60.3%) men who have sex with men (61.9%). Retention in care was associated with clinic site. Most bacterial STI cases diagnosed among PrEP users were asymptomatic (75%). Fifty percent of PrEP users obtained services beyond STI prevention including vaccination and referrals. District STI testing declined between the second quarter of 2020 and 2019 with a decline in HIV testing by 38%, syphilis by 48%, gonorrhea and chlamydia by over 50%. LHD decision-makers can feasibly apply the Thinking Ethically framework to public health practice. Results support the need for LHD continuous quality management as retention in care differed by clinic site, and more resources will be needed to engage hard-to-reach populations at-risk for HIV like injection drug users. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted PrEP and STI services and more data is needed to determine the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the STI landscape.
Book Synopsis Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for HIV, STIs & Pregnancies by : Barbara Friedland
Download or read book Multipurpose Prevention Technologies for HIV, STIs & Pregnancies written by Barbara Friedland and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-01 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, women of reproductive age face two overlapping issues that have a significant impact on their health and well-being: unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. A growing body of research indicates that the majority of women across geographies, ages, racial and ethnic backgrounds would prefer a multipurpose prevention technology (MPT) that combines protection against pregnancy and HIV/STIs versus individual products for contraception and disease prevention. Currently, male and female condoms are the only available MPTs. A wider range of MPT options will help women select methods that they are less apt to discontinue, as well as increase uptake by first-time users. A number of MPT candidates – intravaginal rings (IVRs), oral tablets, vaginal fast dissolving inserts (FDIs), implants, injectables and microarray patches (MAPs) are in various stages of development. The goal of this Research Topic is to invigorate continued development on MPTs by providing the most up-to-date research on specific products in development, identifying research gaps related to the field overall, and prepare for introduction into programs and healthcare systems. Our broad approach will cover formulation science, clinical trials, sociobehavioral research, and implementation science to present the latest thinking in all areas of MPT development from “bench to bedside.”
Book Synopsis Which Patients May be Eligible for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV?u00a0 by : helen bradshaw
Download or read book Which Patients May be Eligible for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV?u00a0 written by helen bradshaw and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title:Which patients may be eligible for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV? Background/introduction:HIV diagnoses remain high among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recent studies show promising results with reducing MSM HIV transmission. The PROUD and IPERGAY studies, using daily or u2018on demandu2019 Truvada as PrEP respectively, showed an 86% HIV transmission reduction. Clinical guidance and funding arrangements for PrEP are in development. We assessed PrEP eligibility amongst MSM attending our sexual health service. Aim(s)/objectives:To ascertain the proportion of MSM attending our service eligible for PrEP on clinical grounds and estimate the service and cost implications of introducing PrEP.Methods:97 MSM attending from December 2014 to July 2015 were reviewed, including patients who had attended for post-exposure prophylaxis and STI screening. Patients were assessed against the PROUD study inclusion criteria to identify those who would benefit from PrEP. Results:Inclusion criteriatPercentage of patients who fit the criteriaBorn malet100%Completed HIV and STI screent84%HIV negative within previous 4 weekst95%Unprotected anal intercourse (UPAI) on > one occasion in the previous 90 dayst16%All criteria fulfilled (Having attended at least once previously was not considered as this was felt unnecessary)t14%No patients met any of the PROUD exclusion criteria. In a further 21% of notes, the exact number of episodes of UPAI, if any, was unclear although all other criteria were met. This suggests a range of 14-35% eligible for PrEP. We assumed all patients would continue having UPAI, were willing to comply with additional visits and were able to provide consent. The annual cost of Truvada is u00a3356 per year. Further service cost analyses will be described.Discussion/conclusion:At least 14-35% of MSM attending our service may benefit from PrEP provision. Additional costs include STI screening, monitoring and care pathways will need to be introduced. However, the overall impact of PrEP may be to reduce new HIV diagnoses and the resultant care costs.
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These guidelines provide guidance on the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection and the care of people living with HIV. They are structured along the continuum of HIV testing, prevention, treatment and care. This edition updates the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs following an extensive review of evidence and consultations in mid-2015, shared at the end of 2015, and now published in full in 2016. It is being published in a changing global context for HIV and for health more broadly.
Book Synopsis International technical guidance on sexuality education by : UNESCO
Download or read book International technical guidance on sexuality education written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Consolidated Guideline on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Living with HIV written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2017-02-20 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: he starting point for this guideline is the point at which a woman has learnt that she is living with HIV and it therefore covers key issues for providing comprehensive sexual and reproductive health and rights-related services and support for women living with HIV. As women living with HIV face unique challenges and human rights violations related to their sexuality and reproduction within their families and communities as well as from the health-care institutions where they seek care particular emphasis is placed on the creation of an enabling environment to support more effective health interventions and better health outcomes. This guideline is meant to help countries to more effectively and efficiently plan develop and monitor programmes and services that promote gender equality and human rights and hence are more acceptable and appropriate for women living with HIV taking into account the national and local epidemiological context. It discusses implementation issues that health interventions and service delivery must address to achieve gender equality and support human rights.
