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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book White Paper on Environmental Liability written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sandra Cassotta
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041141979
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Environmental Damage and Liability Problems in a Multilevel Context written by Sandra Cassotta and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing interest at different decision-making levels (EU, international and national) in using liability as an element in solving the legal problems of environmental harm. The interest is founded on the necessity to take into account of complex inter-dependencies and interrelationships between the environmental media at global, regional and national levels. In an effort to implement the aims of sustainable development, new views of the traditional liability instrument have to be applied. The book focuses on the Environmental Liability Directive 2004/35/EC (the so-called “ELD”) on the prevention and remedying of environmental damage, and evaluates as to whether the ELD has achieved its goals and maintained its ambitions in terms of environmental protection, and what the optimal level of harmonization in terms of environmental protection is. In order to address the question of research of this book, an interdisciplinary framework of analysis and methodology combining political science and law are developed. Since environmental damage is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary problem, par excellence, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Consequently, the use of a multidisciplinary method, combining together in a systematic and rigorous fashion, law, political science, technical elements of economy, insurance law and natural science, is, in the research design of this study, necessary, in a view of tackling the topic in a scientific problem solving-oriented approach. The book draws the overall conclusions by suggesting proposals for amendments and recommendations to be utilized for possible redrafting of the ELD’s provisions for the time when the ELD will be object of a procedure of revision. This book will be of interest to practitioners in EU law and EU Environmental law, international environmental law, legal experts on the law of environmental liability, specialists within international organizations but also by political scientists, economists, insurance law specialists, and natural scientists.
Author : Edward Brans
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041117245
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Liability for Damage to Public Natural Resources:Standing, Damage and Damage Assessment written by Edward Brans and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2001-10-17 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on liability for damage to those natural resources that are of interest to the public and are protected by national, European or international law. It provides an overview of the law of the United States and of certain EU Member States on the recovery of damages for injury to natural resources. The international civil liability conventions that cover environmental harm and the recently published European Commission's White Paper on environmental liability are also discussed. The on-going development in various international forums of treaties or protocols dealing with liability for environmental damage are analyzed, as are the principles developed by the UNEP Working Group established in response to the 1990 Gulf War to advise the UNCC on claims for damage to natural resources. The book addresses assessment and valuation issues, the issue of standing in cases of injury to (un)owned natural resources, and the determination of ways to repair, restore and compensate for natural resource injuries and the associated loss of ecological and human services. It also explains why such a difference exists between the US and most European jurisdictions and inter-national liability conventions as to the recovery of damages for injury to natural resources.
Author : Great Britain. Parliament House of Commons. European Standing Committee A.
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780109662002
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Parliamentary Debates written by Great Britain. Parliament House of Commons. European Standing Committee A. and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lucas Bergkamp
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900447904X
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Liability and Environment written by Lucas Bergkamp and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-06 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liability and Environment analyzes the role of law, in particular civil liability, in controlling environmental pollution and risk. In modern environmental policy, liability has become a popular instrument. In this book, Prof. Bergkamp takes a fresh look at civil liability for environmental harm in an inter- and transnational context. Over the last decade, industry's liability exposure for environmental harm has expanded significantly. At the international, EC, and national level proposals for onerous strict environmental liability regimes are pending. The `polluter pays principle', which is an articulation of the `cost internalization' theory in the environmental area, is believed to justify such liability regimes. Applying an instrumental approach to legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp aims to redefine the role of liability in the heavily regulated environmental area. He shows that liability for environmental harm is not justified by the polluter pays principle, is an uncertain and unreliable instrument for achieving prevention, results in an inefficient insurance scheme, and plays a dubious role in adjusting activity levels. Based on an analysis of the basic characteristics of alternative legal instruments, Prof. Bergkamp concludes that civil liability should play a more modest, limited role in an environmental law system dominated by public law. Where deterrence is not the objective, first party insurance, compensation funds, or other public law regimes should be preferred over liability rules. In addition to civil liability of private parties, Liability and Environment discusses State liability under international, EC, and national law. Under international law, breach of a primary obligation triggers a State's liability. Prof. Bergkamp argues that this rule should be applied also to liability of private parties. In the environmental area, a business' primary obligations are spelled out in detailed permit conditions, regulations, and statutes. According to Prof. Bergkamp, only if a primary obligation is breached, a private person should be liable for environmental harm. The system that Bergkamp advocates is an objective fault liability regime, in which public environmental law defines the standard of care for both government and industry. "In rebuilding our civil liability system, we should keep in mind that what is good for industry should be good for everyone (or it is not good for anyone), we should keep in mind that what is good for private parties should be good for the state (or it is not good for either). In rebuilding our civil liability system, the international law of State responsibility, which is unpolluted by risk spreading and activity level considerations, will guide us a long way." This book is aimed at advanced law students, academic scholars, and practitioners. In addition, it will be of interest to policy and legislative analysts, legislators, and government officials. Professor Bergkamp's book cannot be described as "solving" the problems of legal and regulatory control of environmental harm, whether within a nation or internationally. As suggested before, however, the very idea of a "solution" is illusory. All legal and regulatory regimes around the world are today and will remain for the future in a state of perpetually continuing development. The virtue of this fine book is that it moves the process of that development forward by a very substantial measure. from the Foreword by George L. Priest.
Author : Michael Bowman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780199255733
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (557 download)
Download or read book Environmental Damage in International and Comparative Law written by Michael Bowman and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study considers the problems of defining and valuing "environmental damage" from the perspective of international and comparative law. The need for a broad and systematic evaluation of this issue is illustrated by the number of topics presently on the international law-making agenda to which it is relevant, including the UN Compensation Commission's decisions on compensation for environmental losses suffered by Kuwait in the Gulf War, nuclear and oil pollution liability regimes, the development of an environmental liability protocol to the Antarctic Treaty and other agreements on bio-safety and genetically modified organisms. It is thus an important element in contemporary efforts to strengthen legal remedies for environmental harm which does not necessarily come within traditional categories of legally protected personal or property rights.
Author : Maurice Sunkin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135341265
Total Pages : 1419 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)
Download or read book Sourcebook on Environmental Law written by Maurice Sunkin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this sourcebook brings together a comprehensive selection of the principal international, European and domestic sources of environmental law, together with commentary and extensive references to secondary sources (including relevant websites). The new edition has been fully revised and extended to include the major developments in this rapidly evolving area of law. In particular, at the international level there is now consideration of the Kyoto Protocol 1997, the Aarhus Convention 1998, the Basel Protocol 1999 and the Biosafety Protocol 2000. At the European level, there is coverage of the changes introduced by the Amsterdam Treaty; the 2000 Water Framework Directive; the new Air Quality Directives; and the EC White Paper on Environmental Liability. There is also discussion of the proposed Sixth Environmental Action Programme. The domestic coverage includes consideration of the Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999, the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, the implementation of the contaminated land regime, together with coverage of the new UK waste strategy. The book now also includes extensive consideration of the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on environmental law. Recent case law is included throughout. This unique work will provide an extremely valuable resource for all those studying, teaching and working in the field of environmental law.
Author : Michael Faure
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783211838631
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (386 download)
Download or read book Deterrence, Insurability, and Compensation in Environmental Liability written by Michael Faure and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors took the European Commission 2000 White Paper on Environmental Liability as the occasion for a critical analysis of the efficiency and insurability of various environmental liability regimes. Traditional insurance is examined, but also alternative arrangements for financial security, such as compensation funds. In addition, various case studies present the availability of financial or insurance coverage for natural resource damage. Combining economic insights with an analysis of the practice in various countries like Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain and the USA empirical evidence is provided for the way in which insurance and financial markets respond to environmental liability regulations. This is the first study discussing the criteria for insurability of environmental harm in a systematic manner, both from a legal and an economic/insurance perspective.
Author : Great Britain: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780101808224
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (82 download)
Download or read book The natural choice written by Great Britain: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This white paper sets out proposals for a detailed programme of action to repair damage done to the environment in the past, and urges everyone to get involved in helping nature to flourish at all levels - from neighbourhoods to national parks. The plans are directly linked to the groundbreaking research in the National Ecosystem Assessment that showed the strong economic arguments for safeguarding and enhancing the natural environment. They also act on the recommendations of 'Making Space for Nature', a report into the state of England's wildlife sites, led by Professor John Lawton and published in September 2010, which showed that England's wildlife sites are fragmented and not able to respond to the pressures of climate change and other pressures we put on our land. Key measures proposed include: i) Reconnecting nature with New Nature Improvement Areas (NIAs) with a £7.5 million fund for 12 initial NIAs, biodiversity offsetting, New Local Nature Partnerships with £1 million available this year, phasing out peat, ii) Connecting people and nature for better quality of life with Green Areas Designation, better urban green spaces; more children experiencing nature by learning outdoors, strengthening local public health activities, the new environmental volunteering initiative "Muck in 4 Life" to improve places in towns and countryside for people and nature to enjoy and iii) Capturing and improving the value of nature with a Natural Capital Committee; an annual statement of green accounts for UK Plc, a business-led Task Force to expand the UK business opportunities from new products and services which are good for the economy and nature alike.
Author : David L. Guevara
Publisher : American Bar Association
ISBN 13 : 9781614384977
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (849 download)
Download or read book Environmental Liability and Insurance Recovery written by David L. Guevara and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Liability and Insurance Recovery is for the lawyer whose practice lies at the point where two areas of the legal profession - environmental law and insurance law - intersect. These areas of the law demand the mastery of an intricately involved set of concepts, definitions, rules, and regulations - all of which are continuously developing. Insightful clarification on the topic is provided, as well as subset of the legal issues at the crossroads of environmental law and insurance law, namely, the many ways in which a party may be exposed to environmental liability and how insurance coverage may provide financial support for such liability. Topics covered include: -Statutory Liability, related to: CERCLA, the Resource Conservation & Recovery Act, clean air and clean water acts -Tort Liability including nuisance, trespass, negligence, and strict liability -The General Liability Policy -Policy exclusions and defenses to coverage -Environmental impairment liability insurance
Author : Lucas Bergkamp
Publisher : Intersentia nv
ISBN 13 : 9050952291
Total Pages : 777 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (59 download)
Download or read book European Community Law for the New Economy written by Lucas Bergkamp and published by Intersentia nv. This book was released on 2003 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Community (EC) has embarked on an ambitious legislative program for the new economy. In European Community Law for the New Economy professor Lucas Bergkamp analyzes the EC's current and proposed new economy legislation. The new economy, according to Bergkamp, is not only the internet, the information society, and biotechnology, but also a different kind of "old" economy, a different kind of corporate governance, and a different kind of government. Accordingly, in addition to the EC e-commerce, data protection, and biotechnology legislation, this book discusses also the grand principles of EC policy making (such as sustainable development and the precautionary principle), the theory of corporate social responsibility, and EC government reform. With its wide-ranging, insightful, and engaging analyses, and devoid of obliquity, EC Law for the New Economy is a unique publication. This book must be read by everybody who wants to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of EC legislation, the root causes of regulatory failures, and possible solutions to these problems. It is of interest to lawyers, politicians, policy makers, government officials, political scientists, advanced students and autodidacts. Lucas Bergkamp is a lawyer at the Brussels Bar and Professor of International Liability Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam - The Netherlands.
Author : Lucas Bergkamp
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191648922
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)
Download or read book The EU Environmental Liability Directive written by Lucas Bergkamp and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Similar to the United States (US) Natural Resource Damage (NRD) program, defined under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or "Superfund") and the Oil Pollution Act (OPA), the European Union's (EU) Environmental Liability Directive (ELD)imposes liability for, and requires remediation of, significant damage to natural habitats and species protected at Community and national levels, surface and ground waters covered by the Water Framework Directive, and land.The ELD was first published in 2004 and has since been transposed into the national laws of all EU Member States. However there is little guidance available to authorities and industry in interpreting and applying the ELD and meeting its prevention and restoration objectives. This volume is the first to describe the EU's ELD and to examine the emerging issues and practices in its application. While there are differences between the US and EU regimes, some of the underlying concepts, approaches and definitions embedded in NRD are also mirrored in the text of the ELD. The book includes a comparison of similarities and differences as well as synergies in practice; hence, this book will be of interest to both US and European readers. The ELD imposes liability for significant damage to natural habitats and species protected at Community and national levels, surface and ground waters covered by the Water Framework Directive, and land. Prior to the ELD's adoption many Member States had programs in place for the restoration of soil and groundwater contamination, but none had a regime for addressing harm to unowned natural resources. This volume presents a comprehensive legal commentary on the legal issues arising under the ELD, as well as an overview of administrative, technical, and legal issues and practices in applying the ELD regimes to cases of actual or threatened environmental damage. In doing so, it discusses both substantive issues and important procedural and process-related issues. Several case studies are presented to illustrate the issues and practical solutions. In addition, emerging best practices relating to practical ELD application are identified and presented. Identifying and discussing a wide range of emerging administrative, technical, and economic practice issues arising under member state legislation transposing and implementing the ELD, this book will be a valuable resource for all those whose work is affected by the ELD.
Author : Emanuela Orlando
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317385969
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)
Download or read book Environmental Liability and the Interplay between EU Law and International Law written by Emanuela Orlando and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of law in responding to global environmental problems and the interplay between different levels of regulation and governance is becoming increasingly relevant in the field of liability and reparation for environmental damage. This book examines the relationship and reciprocal influences between the EU and the international legal order in a multilevel and comparative perspective, in relation to the ongoing efforts to elaborate effective regimes of liability and reparation for environmental damage. It offers a comparative analysis of legal developments in the field of environmental liability within the EU and at the international law level and addresses questions concerning the impact of such interaction on the development, implementation and enforcement of appropriate responses to environmental damage within the respective legal orders and on a global level. Given the book’s focus and the transnational legal dimension of the issues covered, this volume will be of great interest to legal academics and researchers working in the environmental law field from an EU law and international law perspective, as well as more generally to scholars interested in the study of the relationship between EU and international law. Outside academia, the book will also be of great interest to practitioners wishing to get insights into the application of the law of environmental liability in the EU and at the international law level.
Author : Benjamin Richardson
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041117350
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Environmental Regulation Through Financial Organisations:Comparative Perspectives on the Industrialised Nations written by Benjamin Richardson and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2002-02-13 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a comparative perspective of practice in the European Union, North America, Japan and Australasia, arguing that existing legal reforms to promote sustainable development are unlikely to be successful unless environmental policy can be diffused and embedded in the financial services sector. This sector plays a crucial role in creating the financial conditions that allow much economic development to proceed. Financial markets are already highly regulated in pursuance of various public policy objectives, and there is scope to adapt existing regulation to incorporate environmental aspects into the financial services sector. In terms of specific reforms, the book focuses on the role of corporate environmental reporting, economic instruments and liability rules to provide a proper context for engaging financial organisations with the environment, as well as reforms to the system of prudential regulation that currently governs this sector. Beyond the focus on the financial services sector, the book raises complex questions regarding the relationship between the state and market institutions in environmental policy, and will appeal to scholars from a wide range of disciplines interested in problems of environmental governance.
Author : European Commission. Directorate General for Mobility and Transport
Publisher : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book White Paper on Transport written by European Commission. Directorate General for Mobility and Transport and published by Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. This book was released on 2011 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recoge: 1. Preparing the European transport area for the future. 2. A vision for a competitive and sustainable transport system. 3. The strategy - what needs to be done. ANNEX: List of initiatives.
Author : Marjan Peeters
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1788970675
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (889 download)
Download or read book Research Handbook on EU Environmental Law written by Marjan Peeters and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive Research Handbook discusses how the EU has used its regulatory power to steer towards environmentally friendly behaviour, delving into the deep concerns related to the compliance with and enforcement of EU environmental law. It also highlights the important role of civil society’s use of environmental procedural rights, and characterizes how the CJEU case law has contributed to the effective implementation of EU environmental legislation.
Author : Maurice Sunkin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135341273
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)
Download or read book Sourcebook on Environmental Law written by Maurice Sunkin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1 SOURCES AND PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW -- chapter THE SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Environmental law: the international perspective -- chapter The sources of international environmental law -- chapter Customary international law General principles of international law -- chapter Judicial decisions and the writings of eminent publicists United Nations General Assembly Resolutions -- chapter Environmental law: European Community perspective -- chapter The institutions of the EC -- chapter Law-making by Community institutions -- chapter Voluntary agreements -- chapter Application of direct effect -- chapter Environmental directives with direct effect -- chapter The duty to interpret national law in the light of a directive: 'indirect effect' -- chapter The subsidiarity principle -- chapter The EC's Environmental Action Programmes -- chapter Statutes Delegated legislation Codes of Practice -- chapter Ministerial guidance Government White Papers Reports of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution -- chapter Select Committee reports The Environment Agency -- chapter PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW The relationship between principles Sustainable development -- chapter Preventive and precautionary principles -- chapter The principle of citizen participation and the right to a healthy environment -- chapter The principle of integration -- chapter Integrated pollution control -- chapter ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES: THE KEY INSTRUMENTS Defining the 'environment' and 'pollution of the environment' Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment 1972 -- chapter Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992 -- chapter LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE International liability for environmental damage -- chapter European Community law -- chapter REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING -- chapter USEFUL WEBSITES -- chapter AIR AND ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION -- chapter Structure of the chapter AIR AND ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION: THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT Customary international law -- chapter Framework Convention on Climate Change 1992 -- chapter Kyoto Protocol 1997 -- chapter Monitoring and Evaluation Protocol 1984 Sulphur Protocols 1985 and 1994 Nitrogen Oxides Protocol 1988 -- chapter Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol 1991 -- chapter Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 1985 and its Montreal Protocol 1987 EUROPEAN COMMUNITY LAW -- chapter Sulphur in air -- chapter Lead in air -- chapter Vehicle emissions -- chapter Emissions from industrial plants -- chapter Towards a unified framework for EC air quality law and policy Air Quality Framework Directive 96/62 -- chapter CAFE -- chapter Local air quality management areas (AQMAs) -- chapter Road traffic pollution -- chapter Restricting the use of roads and traffic management -- chapter REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING -- chapter USEFUL WEBSITES -- chapter WATER AND MARINE POLLUTION -- chapter INTERNATIONAL LAW UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 -- chapter International legal regime for vessel-source marine oil pollution -- chapter MARPOL Convention 1973/78 -- chapter Measures controlling the release of substances into water -- chapter Titanium dioxide Measures protecting designated types of water -- chapter Bathing water -- chapter Urban waste water -- chapter The Water Framework Directive 00/60 -- chapter Cambridge Water Co v Eastern Counties Leather plc [1994] 1 All ER 53 -- chapter Water pollution legislation -- chapter Licences to abstract water Droughts -- chapter Ministerial Regulations - water quality classification and objectives -- chapter Anti-pollution works Prevention of pollution -- chapter Public registers Quality of water supplies -- chapter REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING -- chapter USEFUL WEBSITES -- chapter WASTE -- INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW RELATING TO WASTE -- chapter Dumping at sea -- chapter International trade in hazardous wastes and substances -- chapter Basel Convention 1989 -- chapter Bamako Convention 1991 -- chapter Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation 1999 -- chapter Directive on Waste 75/442 (WFD) (see p 389, below) -- chapter Directive on the Disposal of Waste Oils 75/439 -- chapter Council Regulation on the Shipment of Waste 259/93 -- chapter Directive on Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278 Directive on Packaging Waste Directive 94/62 -- chapter Directive on the Landfill of Waste 99/31 -- chapter Further developments -- chapter The statutory definition of 'waste' -- chapter Is the material capable of being waste? Has the material been discarded? -- chapter Not all discarded material will be waste -- chapter National Waste Strategy -- chapter Waste Strategy 2000 -- chapter The key messages of the strategy (Chapter 1) -- chapter The waste strategy summarised.
