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What Makes Vehicles Safer
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Book Synopsis What Makes Vehicles Safer? by : Karen Latchana Kenney
Download or read book What Makes Vehicles Safer? written by Karen Latchana Kenney and published by Lerner Publications. This book was released on 2015-08-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you pay attention to the news, you've probably seen some scary headlines: car and plane crashes, trains going off the tracks, and more. But the truth is, these kinds of accidents are rare. Engineers have designed features that make vehicles as safe as possible. Antilock brakes, the global positioning system, and sonar navigation equipment are just a few of the improvements that help people travel more safely. Learn more about how the technology in vehicles works to keep us safe.
Book Synopsis Unsafe at Any Speed by : Ralph Nader
Download or read book Unsafe at Any Speed written by Ralph Nader and published by New York : Grossman. This book was released on 1965 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Account of how and why cars kill, and why the automobile manufacturers have failed to make cars safe.
Book Synopsis Motor Vehicle Safety by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Motor Vehicle Safety written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safer Vehicles for People and the Planet by :
Download or read book Safer Vehicles for People and the Planet written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Letter to the Editors from Leonard Evans, Bloomfield Hills, MI: Single-vehicle crashes, which account for half of occupant fatalities, are not mentioned in 'Safer Vehicles for People and the Planet', by Thomas P. Wenzel and Marc Ross (March-April). Simple physics shows that in such crashes risk declines as vehicle mass increases. The authors write 'driving imported luxury cars carries extremely low risk, for reasons that are not obvious'. The reasons are obvious--the cars are purchased by low-risk drivers. If they swapped vehicles with drivers of sports cars (which have high risk), the risks would stick with the drivers, not the vehicles. The article reflects the American belief that death on our roads can be substantially reduced by making vehicles in which it is safer to crash. From 1979 through 2002, Great Britain, Canada and Australia reduced fatalities by an average of 49 percent, compared with 16 percent in the U.S. Accumulating the differences over this time shows that by merely matching the safety performance of these other countries, about 200,000 fewer Americans would have died. These trends continue. In 2006 the U.S. recorded 42,642 traffic deaths, a modest 22 percent decline from our all-time high. Sweden recorded 445, a reduction of 66 percent from their all-time high. The obsessive focus on vehicles rather than on countermeasures that scientific research shows substantially reduce risk is at the core of our dramatic safety failure. The only way to substantially reduce deaths is to reduce the risk of crashing, not to make it safer to crash. The response from Drs. Wenzel and Ross: Of course Dr. Evans is correct in stating that driver behavior influences crash risk. In our article we made clear that our estimates of risk include how well a vehicle/driver combination avoids a crash, as well as how crash-worthy a vehicle (and robust a driver) is once a crash occurs. We also analyzed two variables that can account for driver behavior: the fraction of all driver fatalities that are young men, and a 'bad driver' rating that combines information about the current crash (drug or alcohol involvement, driving without a license, or reckless driving) as well as the operator's driving record for the previous three years. For example, the high risks of sports cars, and the low risks of minivans, are clearly influenced by who drives these types of vehicles (36 percent young males and 0.77 bad driver rating for sports cars, vs. 4 percent and 0.21 for minivans; the average values for all types of cars are 20 percent and 0.50). On the other hand, we were surprised to find that the imported luxury cars, with the lowest risks, have only average drivers (21 percent young males, 0.57 bad driver rating). That is the basis for our conclusion that the design of imported luxury vehicles, or at least specific safety features on them, overcome risky behavior taken by their drivers. The safety of vehicles has greatly improved over the years. In our studies we have found several examples of models that greatly reduced their risks over time; for example, the Ford Focus has a much better risk to its drivers (118) than the Ford Escort it replaced (148). Our data indicate that more young males drive the Focus (21 percent) than the Escort (15 percent), and that Focus drivers are perhaps slightly more risky (0.50 vs. 0.44 bad driver rating). Clearly vehicle design does not play as small a role in vehicle safety as Dr. Evans suggests. Dr. Evans asserts that we ignore single-vehicle crashes and that simple physics dictates that vehicle mass provides safety in single-vehicle crashes. By itself, additional vehicle mass does provide some protection from rapid deceleration in crashes with a movable object, particularly for an unbelted occupant. However, when it comes to vehicle safety, our research by vehicle model indicates that there is essentially no relationship between car mass and risk, even in frontal crashes. In his own papers, Dr. Evans appears to admit that it is not clear whether mass, or size (specifically crush space) is inherent to vehicle safety. Additional research indicates that it is not size per se that protects in two-vehicle crashes, but how well the stiff structures on the vehicles are aligned. The auto manufacturing industry has voluntarily made design changes to their pickup trucks to increase the likelihood that truck and car bumpers will interact in a frontal crash, reducing the aggressivity of pickup trucks in recent years. Regarding the differences in experiences between the U.S. and other countries, it is important to keep in mind that the U.S. vehicle fleet is fairly unique; about half of U.S. vehicles are light duty trucks (pickups, SUVs and minivans), which many studies have shown are dangerous to other road users.
Book Synopsis What Makes Sports Gear Safer? by : Kevin Kurtz
Download or read book What Makes Sports Gear Safer? written by Kevin Kurtz and published by Lerner Publications (Tm). This book was released on 2015-08 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book uses engineering, science, and common sense to examine the clothing and sports equipment technology we have in place to keep us safe."--
Book Synopsis Motor Vehicle Safety: Passive Restraints Needed to Make Light Trucks Safer by :
Download or read book Motor Vehicle Safety: Passive Restraints Needed to Make Light Trucks Safer written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Safe Use of Vehicles on Construction Sites by : Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive
Download or read book The Safe Use of Vehicles on Construction Sites written by Great Britain. Health and Safety Executive and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Why Can't We Make Cars Safer?. by : R. F. Kennedy
Download or read book Why Can't We Make Cars Safer?. written by R. F. Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicle Technology by : James M. Anderson
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Book Synopsis Automotive Vehicle Safety by : George A. Peters
Download or read book Automotive Vehicle Safety written by George A. Peters and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-29 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive Vehicle Safety is a unique academic text, practical design guide and valuable reference book. It provides information that is essential for specialists to make better-informed decisions. The book identifies and discusses key generic safety principles and their applications and includes decision-making criteria, examples and remedies. It
Book Synopsis Autonomous Driving by : Markus Maurer
Download or read book Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Book Synopsis Learning from Professional Race Car Drivers to Make Automated Vehicles Safer by : John Connelly Kegelman
Download or read book Learning from Professional Race Car Drivers to Make Automated Vehicles Safer written by John Connelly Kegelman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous vehicles have the potential to eliminate the vast number of motor-vehicle accidents that occur each year. However, as the burgeoning technology becomes more publicly available, self-driving cars will continue to encounter emergency situations. To maximize the vehicle's ability to navigate these situations safely, autonomous driving technology needs to be able to use all of the vehicle's performance capability. Race car drivers can inspire autonomous systems with full authority over a vehicle's capabilities because they routinely drive at or near the limits of handling without losing control. This dissertation aims to advance the understanding of how highly skilled human drivers operate vehicles at the limits by analyzing their trajectories, steering behavior, and stability characteristics observed while maximizing vehicle performance. First, a sensor suite and related methods are used to acquire research-quality, multimedia data from vintage race cars during real-world race events. The resulting publicly available database not only further documents and characterizes select, historically significant automobiles, but also provides open access to vehicle dynamics data recorded while expert drivers operated at the friction limits. To investigate the extent to which highly skilled drivers follow a theoretically ideal trajectory when maximizing vehicle performance, a statistical analysis quantifies the dispersion of paths driven by professional race car drivers during live races. The method reveals that two drivers operating the same vehicle followed measurably dissimilar trajectories, yet achieved similar overall results as measured by lap time. A state-of-the-art autonomous race car, which applies racing theory in the real world, is used to explore whether the variance observed in the human driver data is a result of error, which would imply following an optimal trajectory leads to greater performance, or whether the observed variance is a consequence of purposeful behavior essential to fully utilizing a vehicle's capabilities. The autonomous race car is as fast as a skilled, proficient driver, but currently not as fast as an expert driver. Using a quasi-steady-state model as a baseline, an analysis of each driver's steering behavior shows that the human drivers purposely operate around the handling limits, including beyond the limits, while the autonomous race car's design leads to operation up to the handling limits. Furthermore, a phase portrait analysis illustrates that the human drivers consistently operate the vehicle closer to, and sometimes beyond, the boundaries separating inherently stable and unstable vehicle states, whereas the autonomous race car's trajectories always remain within the stable region. This information can help design algorithms that operate over the full range of vehicle performance, to maximize the vehicle's ability to operate not only at speed during racing maneuvers but also safely during emergency maneuvers.
Book Synopsis Toyota Under Fire: Lessons for Turning Crisis into Opportunity by : Jeffrey K. Liker
Download or read book Toyota Under Fire: Lessons for Turning Crisis into Opportunity written by Jeffrey K. Liker and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-03-11 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive inside account of Toyota's greatest crisis—and lessons you can apply to your own company "Those who write off Toyota in the current climate of second guessing and speculation are making a profound mistake and need to read this book to get the facts. Toyota is a company that will channel the current challenges to push themselves to even more relentless continuous improvement." —Charles Baker, former Chief Engineer and Vice President for R&D, Honda of America "Toyota Under Fire is a superb book and should prove very helpful to American industry's understanding of the problems faced and how any company can prevent similar occurrences in the future." —Norman Bodek, author, founder of Productivity Press, and inductee in 2010 Industry Week Manufacturing Hall of Fame "As a former automotive supplier executive and student of Toyota, I was concerned to see the many negative reports and investigations into the quality and safety of its vehicles. Toyota Under Fire tells the story of how this great company is growing wiser and stronger by living its culture and values." —Michael Fisher, CEO, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center "Just as Toyota has put itself through excruciating soul-searching in order to understand what went wrong, so should we all take advantage of the opportunity for learning presented to us by Toyota's misfortune. In these pages, you will find that the actual circumstances were far more complex, nuanced, and uncertain than you saw reported in the news." —John Y. Shook, Chairman and CEO, Lean Enterprise Institute "The most comprehensive and detailed review to date of the circumstances that led to the crisis, and the events and contexts that caused it to escalate.” —Strategy & Business About the Book For decades, Toyota has been setting standards that are the envy—and goal—of organizations worldwide. Its legendary management principles and business philosophy, first documented by Jeffrey K. Liker in his influential book The Toyota Way, changed the business world's approach to operational excellence. Granted unprecedented access to Toyota's facilities worldwide, Liker, along with Timothy N. Ogden, investigated the inside story of how Toyota faced the challenges of the recession and the recall crisis of 2009–2010. In both cases, the company was caught off guard—and found that a root cause of the challenges it faced was its failure to live up to its own principles. But the fundamentals were still there, and the company has ultimately come out of the most challenging years of its postwar existence even stronger than before. Toyota Under Fire chronicles all the events of the recession and the recall crisis in detail, providing valuable lessons any business leader can use to survive and thrive in a crisis, no matter how large: Crisis response must start by building a strong culture long before the crisis hits. Culture matters far more than decisions made by top executives. Investing in people, even in the depths of a recession, is the surest path to long-term profitability. Because it had founded its culture on such principles, Toyota didn’t need to amass an army of public relations, marketing, and legal experts to "put out the fire"; instead, it redoubled efforts to live up to its founding tenet, going "back to basics." Toyota began solving this crisis more than 70 years ago, when its organizational culture was first established. Apply the lessons of Toyota Under Fire to your company, and you'll meet any future management challenge calmly, responsibly, and effectively—the Toyota Way.
Download or read book Why We Do Make Cars Safe written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unsafe at Any Speed by : Ralph Nader
Download or read book Unsafe at Any Speed written by Ralph Nader and published by New York : Grossman. This book was released on 1965 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Account of how and why cars kill, and why the automobile manufacturers have failed to make cars safe.
Book Synopsis Safer Vehicles for People and the Planet by :
Download or read book Safer Vehicles for People and the Planet written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor vehicles contribute to climate change and petroleum dependence. Improving their fuel economy by making them lighter need not compromise safety. The cars and trucks plying America's roads and highways generate roughly 20 percent of the nation's total emissions of carbon dioxide, a pollutant that is, of course, of increasing concern because of its influence on climate. Motor vehicles also account for most of our country's dependence on imported petroleum, the price of which has recently skyrocketed to near-record levels. So policymakers would welcome the many benefits that would accrue from lessening the amount of fuel consumed in this way. Yet lawmakers have not significantly tightened new vehicle fuel-economy standards since they were first enacted three decades ago. Since then, manufacturers have, for the most part, used advances in automotive technology, ones that could have diminished fuel consumption, to boost performance and increase vehicle weight. In addition, the growth in popularity of pickups, sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and minivans--and the large amounts of gas they typically guzzle--has resulted in the average vehicle using the same amount of fuel per mile as it did 20 years ago. One of the historical impediments to imposing tougher fuel-economy standards has been the long-standing worry that reducing the mass of a car or truck to help meet these requirements would make it more dangerous to its occupants in a crash. People often justify this concern in terms of 'simple physics', noting, for example, that, all else being equal, in a head-on collision, the lighter vehicle is the more strongly decelerated, an argument that continues to sway regulators, legislators and many in the general public. We have spent the past several years examining the research underlying this position--and some recent work challenging it. We have also conducted our own analyses and come to the conclusion that the claim that lighter vehicles are inherently dangerous to those riding in them is flawed. For starters, all else is never equal; other aspects of vehicle design appear to control what really happens in a crash, as reflected in the safety record of different kinds of vehicles. What's more, the use of high-strength steel, light-weight metals such as aluminum and magnesium, and fiber-reinforced plastics now offers automotive engineers the means to fashion vehicles that are simultaneously safer and less massive than their predecessors, and such designs would, of course, enjoy the better fuel economy that shedding pounds brings.
Book Synopsis Measuring Automated Vehicle Safety by : Laura Fraade-Blanar
Download or read book Measuring Automated Vehicle Safety written by Laura Fraade-Blanar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a framework for measuring safety in automated vehicles (AVs): how to define safety for AVs, how to measure safety for AVs, and how to communicate what is learned or understood about AVs.
