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What Are Oecd Trade Preferences Worth To Sub Saharan Africa
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Book Synopsis What are OECD Trade Preferences Worth to Sub-Saharan Africa? by : Alexander J. Yeats
Download or read book What are OECD Trade Preferences Worth to Sub-Saharan Africa? written by Alexander J. Yeats and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed Uruguay Round reductions in most- favored- nation tariffs will cause some African exports to be displaced by other suppliers. Aggressive reform of the African countries' own trade regimes appears to be the most effective way to counter the effects of the erosion of OECD preferences.
Book Synopsis Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization by : Joseph F. Francois
Download or read book Preference Erosion and Multilateral Trade Liberalization written by Joseph F. Francois and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of concern that OECD tariff reductions will translate into worsening export performance for the least developed countries, trade preferences have proven a stumbling block to developing country support for multilateral liberalization. The authors examine the actual scope for preference erosion, including an econometric assessment of the actual utilization and the scope for erosion estimated by modeling full elimination of OECD tariffs, and hence full most-favored-nation liberalization-based preference erosion. Preferences are underutilized due to administrative burden-estimated to be at least 4 percent on average-reducing the magnitude of erosion costs significantly. For those products where preferences are used (are of value), the primary negative impact follows from erosion of EU preferences. This suggests the erosion problem is primarily bilateral rather than a WTO-based concern.
Book Synopsis OECD Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa by :
Download or read book OECD Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis OECD Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa by :
Download or read book OECD Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis OECD Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa by :
Download or read book OECD Trade with Sub-Saharan Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Africa's Role in Multilateral Trade Negotiations by : Zhen Kun Wang
Download or read book Africa's Role in Multilateral Trade Negotiations written by Zhen Kun Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa won fewer concessions on their exports in the Uruguay Round than did other developing countries, but they still emerged facing fewer or lower restrictions than others. They should be more active in the next Round, focusing negotiations not on trade preferences but on bound most-favored-nation tariff reductions.Openness and liberal trade policies are associated with higher exports and economic growth. Sub-Saharan African countries are mostly still relatively closed, and one of their top priorities should be to open up. With some important, identifiable, exceptions African exports are not disproportionately restricted in OECD markets. Because of Sub-Saharan Africa's small economic size and because its decline in competitiveness has been spread over nearly all sectors, improvements in its performance should not unduly disturb other members of the world economy and should not encounter major resistance among trading partners.Sub-Saharan African countries won fewer concessions on their exports in the Uruguay Round than did other developing countries - possibly because they offered fewer concessions on imports. Nonetheless, because they started the Round with more favorable treatment, they still emerged from it facing fewer or lower restrictions than other developing countries.In the next Round of trade negotiations, Sub-Saharan countries have some rights to negotiate (according to the GATT/WTO principal suppliers traditions) and a little leverage. They should be active in this Round, both giving and requesting concessions, and economists should help them prepare the ground.Trade preferences are not the route to integrating with the world economy. In terms of access to partners' markets, trade preferences are no substitute for bound most-favored-nation tariff reductions, and they also encourage shortsighted and distortionary behavior within the recipients' economy. Africa should focus its negotiating efforts on most-favored-nation reductions rather than trade preferences.This paper - a joint product of the New Products and Outreach Division, Economic Development Institute, and Development Research Group - was prepared for the African Economic Research Consortium`s Biannual Research Workshop, Nairobi, May 24-29, 1997.
Book Synopsis Africa's Role in Multilateral Trade Negotiations by : Zhen Kun Wang
Download or read book Africa's Role in Multilateral Trade Negotiations written by Zhen Kun Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Did External Barriers Cause the Marginalization of Sub-Saharan Africa in World Trade? by : Alexander Yeats
Download or read book Did External Barriers Cause the Marginalization of Sub-Saharan Africa in World Trade? written by Alexander Yeats and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: March 1996 Sub-Saharan African countries' policies contributed more to that region's 30-year decline in world trade than did OECD trade barriers, but policy options available to the OECD countries could improve the environment for African exports. Highest priority should be given to policies favoring African agricultural exports whose growth could greatly alleviate the extreme rural poverty in Africa. OECD trade barriers were not a significant factor in Sub-Saharan Africa's declining position in world trade between the mid-1950s and 1990. Far more detrimental were the African countries' own policies, including those affecting transport costs. It is essential that African countries adopt reforms aimed at achieving cost competitiveness. Anti-competitive cargo reservation policies in many African countries help inflate international transport costs, which eat up a disproportionate share of African countries' foreign exchange earnings. Deregulation of international shipping and the promotion of competitive shipping services, together with improvements in transport infrastructure, could significantly reduce freight costs. But policy options available to the OECD countries could also improve the external environment for, and competitive position of, African exports. Policies involving preferences should be viewed as a step toward general trade liberalization. Highest priority should be given to policies favoring agricultural exports. Among policy options the OECD countries should consider: * Regional arrangements such as the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement discriminate against African and other developing countries. Policy initiatives are needed to at least place them on an equal basis with OECD members in these arrangements -- especially for labor-intensive products. * African exports are concentrated in primary commodities. When further processing is suitable, OECD preferences should be extended to all stages of the processing chain. * Given the extreme rural poverty in Africa, measures are needed to reduce protection against African food exports. One option would be to extend (ceiling-free) generalized system of preferences for tariffied agricultural nontariff barriers. * Ceilings and quotas should be eliminated from industrial-country preference schemes to be made consistent with unrestricted intra-OECD preferences extended under free trade agreements. * OECD countries could also provide technical, finance, development, and policy analysis assistance aimed at alleviating Africa's international transport problems, especially for landlocked African countries. This paper -- a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to identify barriers to developing countries' exports and assist in their removal.
Book Synopsis Trade Preference Erosion by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Trade Preference Erosion written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2009-04-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the information needed to make informed assessments of the benefits of trade preferences to developing countries, the risks of these benefits being eroded by trade liberalization; and policy options for dealing with this problem.
Book Synopsis OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-04 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025 provides an assessment of prospects for the coming decade of the agricultural commodity markets across 41 countries and 12 regions, including OECD countries and key agricultural producers, such as India, China, Brazil, the Russian Federation and Argentina.
Book Synopsis Africa’s Development Dynamics 2021 Digital Transformation for Quality Jobs by : African Union Commission
Download or read book Africa’s Development Dynamics 2021 Digital Transformation for Quality Jobs written by African Union Commission and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa’s Development Dynamics uses lessons learned in the continent’s five regions – Central, East, North, Southern and West Africa – to develop policy recommendations and share good practices. Drawing on the most recent statistics, this analysis of development dynamics attempts to help African leaders reach the targets of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 at all levels: continental, regional, national and local.
Book Synopsis intrahousehold resource allocation by : Lawrence Haddad
Download or read book intrahousehold resource allocation written by Lawrence Haddad and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis World Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Global Carbon Emissions in a Model with Interfuel Substitution by : Bjorn Larsen
Download or read book World Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Global Carbon Emissions in a Model with Interfuel Substitution written by Bjorn Larsen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Did External Barriers Cause the Marginalization of Sub-Saharan Africa in World Trade? by : Azita Amjadi
Download or read book Did External Barriers Cause the Marginalization of Sub-Saharan Africa in World Trade? written by Azita Amjadi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Management Programme Paper No. 20. Reviews the specific actions that municipalities and city governments may take in contributing to urban poverty reduction. The paper highlights example of issues, options, and constraints that urban governments must address in fighting poverty. It focuses on municipalities and other city-level government entities as a critical institutional level of intervention. Other language editions available: French--Stock No. 13814 (ISBN 0-8213-3814-5); English--Stock No. 13716 (ISBN 0-8213-3716-5).
Book Synopsis Trade Preferences and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries by : Bernard M. Hoekman
Download or read book Trade Preferences and Differential Treatment of Developing Countries written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issue of SDT has become very topical again, following a period during which it was viewed as an outdated concept for the multilateral trading system. We therefore devote attention as well to a number of recent contributions that discuss (i) whether there is a continued need for SDT, and (ii) how this might be designed from both a development (recipient) objective and from the perspective of the trading system more generally. A major theme of the survey is that most of the issues that are debated today were already being discussed in the 1960s. We conclude that those who questioned the value of unilateral preferences have proven to be prescient.
Book Synopsis Old-Age Security in Transitional Economies by : M. Louise Fox
Download or read book Old-Age Security in Transitional Economies written by M. Louise Fox and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pension reform has proved even more contentious an issue than privatization during the former communist countries' transition to a market- based economy.
Book Synopsis International Trade Policies by : Mr.Richard T. Harmsen
Download or read book International Trade Policies written by Mr.Richard T. Harmsen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-02-08 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the achievements of the Uruguay Round, and issues with the post-Uruguay Round agenda. The paper highlights that the conclusion of the Uruguay Round is a major achievement in international trade relations and a crucial element in promoting world trade and growth in the medium term. It arrested the deterioration in the trading environment and created a strengthened framework for future trade relations, thereby boosting business and investment confidence. It also provides positive outcomes in several areas, including market liberalization and strengthening of rules and institutional structures.
