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Author : S. H. Pinner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780677118307
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)
Download or read book Weathering and Degradation of Plastics written by S. H. Pinner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1966 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Wypych
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0815519583
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (155 download)
Download or read book Weathering of Plastics written by George Wypych and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1999-12-31 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of extensive efforts, material weathering testing still requires improvement. This book presents findings and opinions of experts in material degradation testing. The aim is to improve testing methods and procedures. Materials are presented to show that photochemical degradation rate depends on a combination of environmental factors such as UV radiation, temperature, humidity, rain, stress, and concentration of reactive pollutants. The potential effect of each parameter of degradation on data gathered is discussed based on known results from a long experience in testing. This book contains data obtained in laboratories of the largest manufacturers of UV stabilizers and chemical companies that manufacture durable materials. The book gives details of testing procedures and choice of parameters of exposure which are crucial for obtaining laboratory results correlating with environmental performance of materials.In addition to exposure conditions, the book contains many suggestions on sample preparation and post-exposure testing. The effective use of these methods shortens testing time of materials and determines acceleration rate of testing. The book also gives examples of complete, well-designed weathering experiments which may be used as patterns for selection of parameters and techniques for new studies. The areas of research that still require more attention in future studies are clearly indicated.
Author : A. Davis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780853342267
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Weathering of Polymers written by A. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1983-11-30 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : Materials Research Forum LLC
ISBN 13 : 1644901323
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (449 download)
Download or read book Degradation of Plastics written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradation of plastics is most important for the removal and recycling of plastic wastes. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the field. Topics covered include plastic degradation methods, mechanistic actions, biodegradation, involvement of enzymes, photocatalytic degradation and the use of cyanobacteria. Also covered are the market of degradable plastics and the environmental implications. Keywords: Degradable Plastics, Bioplastics, Biodegradable Plastics, Enzymes, Cyanobacteria, Photocatalytic Degradation, Wastewater Treatment, Degradable Plastic Market, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyurethane, and Polyethylene Terephthalate.
Author : Melanie Bergmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319165100
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Weathering and degradation of plastics written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Norman Grassie
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521357975
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (579 download)
Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation written by Norman Grassie and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1988-04-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.
Author : S. H. Pinner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Weathering and Degradation of Plastics written by S. H. Pinner and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WEATHERING AND DEGRADATION OF PLASTICS- SYMPOSIUM- PAPERS. written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : ASM International
Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 1615030735
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics written by ASM International and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selection and application of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This reference book on engineering plastics provides practical and comprehensive coverage on how the performance of plastics is characterized during design, property testing, and failure analysis. The fundamental structure and properties of plastics are reviewed for general reference, and detailed articles describe the important design factors, properties, and failure mechanisms of plastics. The effects of composition, processing, and structure are detailed in articles on the physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Other articles cover failure mechanisms such as: crazing and fracture; impact loading; fatigue failure; wear failures, moisture related failure; organic chemical related failure; photolytic degradation; and microbial degradation. Characterization of plastics in failure analysis is described with additional articles on analysis of structure, surface analysis, and fractography.
Author : Christopher White
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323497772
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)
Download or read book Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Plastics Exposed to Outdoor Weathering written by Christopher White and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Service Life Prediction of Polymers and Plastics Exposed to Outdoor Weathering discusses plastics and polymers and their unique applications, from sealants used in construction, to polymer composites used in planes. While these materials are important enablers for advanced technologies, exposure to weather changes the very properties of plastics that make them so useful. This book reviews current research needs and provides a consensus roadmap of the scientific barriers to validated predictive models for the response of polymers and plastics to outdoor exposure. Despite extensive efforts over the past 20-30 years, testing of polymeric materials in accelerated or natural weathering conditions and the interpretation of the weathering results still require substantial improvements. This book represents the state-of-the-art in the prediction techniques available and in development. Engineers and materials scientists working in this field will be able to use the content of this book to assess the strengths and challenges of a range of different methods and approaches. Enables engineers and scientists in a range of industries to more successfully predict the durability of polymers, paints and coatings when exposed to weather Provides the latest information to help determine the sustainability of polymeric materials Reviews the current state-of-the-art in this area and identifies research needs that are followed by more detailed discussions of specific polymers and applications
Author : W. L. Hawkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642693768
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W. L. Hawkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.
Author : University of Cambridge. Observatory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Astronomical Observations Made at the Observatory of Cambridge written by University of Cambridge. Observatory and published by . This book was released on 1834 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Martin Wagner
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319616153
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Freshwater Microplastics written by Martin Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
Author : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527348980
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Biotechnology for Zero Waste written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology for Zero Waste The use of biotechnology to minimize waste and maximize resource valorization In Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques, accomplished environmental researchers Drs. Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari deliver a robust exploration of the role of biotechnology in reducing waste and creating a zero-waste environment. The editors provide resources covering perspectives in waste management like anaerobic co-digestion, integrated biosystems, immobilized enzymes, zero waste biorefineries, microbial fuel cell technology, membrane bioreactors, nano biomaterials, and more. Ideal for sustainability professionals, this book comprehensively sums up the state-of-the-art biotechnologies powering the latest advances in zero-waste strategies. The renowned contributors address topics like bioconversion and biotransformation and detail the concept of the circular economy. Biotechnology for Zero Waste effectively guides readers on the path to creating sustainable products from waste. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to modern perspectives on zero waste drives, including anaerobic co-digestion as a smart approach for enhancing biogas production Comprehensive explorations of bioremediation for zero waste, biological degradation systems, and bioleaching and biosorption of waste Practical discussions of bioreactors for zero waste and waste2energy with biotechnology An in-depth examination of emerging technologies, including nanobiotechnology for zero waste and the economics and commercialization of zero waste biotechnologies Perfect for process engineers, natural products, environmental, soil, and inorganic chemists, Biotechnology for Zero Waste: Emerging Waste Management Techniques will also earn a place in the libraries of food technologists, biotechnologists, agricultural scientists, and microbiologists.
Author : S.M. Halliwell
Publisher : iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780080419602
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Weathering of Polymers written by S.M. Halliwell and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the theory of weathering and its effect on polymer properties, methods of stabilisation, and natural and accelerated weathering tests. The problems associated with particular polymers used in outdoor applications are explained. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database provides useful references for further reading.
Author : Liesl K. Massey
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0815519257
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (155 download)
Download or read book The Effect of UV Light and Weather written by Liesl K. Massey and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2006-09-07 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively updated, comprehensive databook was created for design and application engineers, scientists, and material producer technical support and research and development personnel. Important weathering characteristics and material properties of plastics and elastomers are presented in discussion, tabular and graphical sections. It provides a ready reference for comparing materials in the same family as well as materials in different families. Data are presented on 80 major plastic and elastomer materials, including biodegradable or organic polymers. New to this edition, the resin chapters each contain textual summary information including category, general description, and weathering properties detailing information of the material's susceptibility or immunity to weathering including discussion of test results. Extensive references are provided. The resin chapter material supplier trade name product data are presented in graphical and tabular format, with results normalized to SI units, retaining the familiar format of the 1st edition and allowing easy comparison between materials and test conditions.
