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Wavelet Analyses For Seismic Ground Motion Simulation And Stochastic Site Response
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Book Synopsis Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response by :
Download or read book Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of soil masses during an earthquake is governed by the characteristics of the ground motions and the soil material properties. The ground motions generated during earthquakes are random and nonstationary with respect to both amplitude and frequency. Different methods of analysis for time-frequency characteristics of the ground motions have been reviewed and the merits and disadvantages of each are explained. The methods considered here are: Fourier Transform (FT), Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT), Wigner-Ville (WV) Distribution, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT), and Wavelet Transform (WT). WT method with a modified version of Littlewood-Paley mother wavelet is found most suitable to analyze the nonstationary characteristics of the seismic ground motion. This method is used to identify some of the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of the ground motions recorded during some important earthquakes, namely Northridge-California 1994, Kocaeli-Turkey 1999, and Chi-Chi-Taiwan, 1999. The effect of site distance and site softening on the ground motion characteristics are studied. The information on redistribution of the energy among various frequency ranges as well as its temporal variation is revealed. Responses of Clay and Sand sites with different stiffness-thickness-saturation combinations to different excitations are studied with the use of a computer code for nonlinear analysis of site response (Cyclic1D) and wavelet analysis. Observations for amplification, deamplification, and pore pressure build up are given in both time and frequency domains. A wavelet based formulation to generate earthquake ground motions is also developed. This method uses a seed acceleration history and a selected design response spectrum to produce many motions that retain the main time-frequency characteristics of the original motion, yet are all different from each other. Finally, a wavelet based method to evaluate non-stationary stochastic response of a soil site, idea.
Book Synopsis Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response by : Rabia Zeynep Sarica
Download or read book Wavelet Analyses for Seismic Ground Motion, Simulation, and Stochastic Site Response written by Rabia Zeynep Sarica and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: soil softening, amplification, frequency shift, liquefaction, stochastic site response, ground motion simulation, marginal spectrum, wavelet.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets by : Yoshifumi Yamamoto
Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thr´ainsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets by : Yoshifumi Yamamoto
Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thráinsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.
Book Synopsis Wavelet Analysis in Civil Engineering by : Pranesh Chatterjee
Download or read book Wavelet Analysis in Civil Engineering written by Pranesh Chatterjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wavelets as a Powerful Signal Processing Tool The principles of wavelets can be applied to a range of problems in civil engineering structures, such as earthquake-induced vibration analysis, bridge vibrations, and damage identification. This book is particularly useful for graduate students and researchers in vibration analysis, especially those dealing with random vibrations. Wavelet Analysis in Civil Engineering explains the importance of wavelets in analyzing nonstationarities in ground motions. The example of a tank is considered to develop the problem and the model (based on linear assumptions) and several case studies are explored—fixed base, flexible base, lateral and rocking motions of foundations, with and without fluid—to explain how to account for ground motion nonstationarities. Bridge vibrations caused by vehicle passage are explored, as is structural damage identification. Wavelet analytic techniques starting from single degree of freedom systems to multiple degree of freedom systems are set out and detailed solutions of more complicated problems involving soil and fluid interactions are presented. Separate chapters have been devoted to explaining the basic principles of the wavelet-based random nonstationary vibration analysis of nonlinear systems, including probabilistic analysis. Comprised of seven chapters, this text: Introduces the concept and utility of wavelet transform Describes the discretization of ground motions using wavelet coefficients Explains how to characterize nonstationary ground motions using statistical functionals of wavelet coefficients of seismic accelerations Develops the formulation of a linear single-degree-of-freedom system Shows stepwise development of the formulation of a structure idealized as a linear multi-degree-of-freedom system in terms of wavelet coefficients Defines wavelet domain formulation of a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom system Introduces the concept of probability in wavelet-based theoretical formulation of a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom system Covers a variety of case studies highlighting diverse applications Wavelet Analysis in Civil Engineering explains the importance of wavelets in terms of non-stationarities of ground motions, explores the application of wavelet analytic techniques, and is an excellent resource for users addressing wavelets for the first time.
Book Synopsis Analysis and Modeling of Nonstationary Ground Motion Coherency by : Habeeb Fadhel Abbas
Download or read book Analysis and Modeling of Nonstationary Ground Motion Coherency written by Habeeb Fadhel Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional coherency models which rely on Fourier-based tools do not consider the nonstationary character of ground motions. Accurate understanding for nonstationary coherency can motivate accurate modeling and simulation of spatially incoherent ground motions. In this work, a nonstationary ground motion coherency analysis and modeling are performed using wavelet analysis and relevance vector machine regression. To perform the analysis, earthquake ground motion data from four events recorded at dense seismograph SMART-1 array in north-south and east-west horizontal directions are used to investigate the lagged coherency behavior. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is used to compute the nonstationary lagged coherency that characterizes the space-time variation of seismic ground motion. Complex Morlet wavelet is chosen as the mother wavelet as it is quite well localized in both time and frequency space. Wavelet transform with significance tests have been used to distinguish the strong motions S-wave window with the corresponding frequency band. Based on these S-wave windows, wavelet transform is used to compute the nonstationary lagged coherency of ground motions. A homogeneous isotropic field is assumed. Lagged coherency behavior with frequency, distance, and time is examined. It is shown that the lagged coherency is not constant and evolves with time. The results implied that the lagged coherency on uniform soil depends mainly on time, frequency, and separation distance. The wavelet transform results from the four events are compared with two conventional lagged coherency models. The comparisons showed the difference between the evolving behavior of the lagged coherency with the stationary prediction of the conventional coherency models. To perform the modeling, Relevance Vector Machines (RVM) regression is used to develop a model for the nonstationary lagged coherency that characterizes the space-time variation of seismic ground motion. Earthquake ground motion data from dense seismograph SMART-1 array is used to determine the lagged coherency model in the north-south and the first principal directions. Frequencies and separation distances for the estimated nonstationary lagged coherency represent the trained data for the RVM set to construct the model and estimate the lagged coherency values. The RVM model results are compared with two conventional lagged coherency models. The proposed model does not require a fixed parametric functional form; it can estimate the lagged coherency for different separation distances at different time instants and frequencies. Finally, in this study, the developed nonstationary lagged coherency model is used to generate incoherent artificial spatial ground motions. The simulation of ground motion stochastic process is performed using specified evolutionary power and cross spectral densities. The simulation results are compared with generated ground motion using conventional stationary coherency model. The phase and phase difference from both simulations are compared to show the difference between the results.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering by : Mayssa Dabaghi
Download or read book Stochastic Modeling and Simulation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering written by Mayssa Dabaghi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive parameterized stochastic model of near-fault ground motions in two orthogonal horizontal directions is developed. The proposed model uniquely combines several existing and new sub-models to represent major characteristics of recorded near-fault ground motions. These characteristics include near-fault effects of directivity and fling step; temporal and spectral non-stationarity; intensity, duration and frequency content characteristics; directionality of components, as well as the natural variability of motions for a given earthquake and site scenario. By fitting the model to a database of recorded near-fault ground motions with known earthquake source and site characteristics, empirical "observations" of the model parameters are obtained. These observations are used to develop predictive equations for the model parameters in terms of a small number of earthquake source and site characteristics. Functional forms for the predictive equations that are consistent with seismological theory are employed. A site-based simulation procedure that employs the proposed stochastic model and predictive equations is developed to generate synthetic near-fault ground motions at a site. The procedure is formulated in terms of information about the earthquake design scenario that is normally available to a design engineer. Not all near-fault ground motions contain a forward directivity pulse, even when the conditions for such a pulse are favorable. The proposed procedure produces pulselike and non-pulselike motions in the same proportions as they naturally occur among recorded near-fault ground motions for a given design scenario. The proposed models and simulation procedure are validated by several means. Synthetic ground motion time series with fitted parameter values are compared with the corresponding recorded motions. The proposed empirical predictive relations are compared to similar relations available in the literature. The overall simulation procedure is validated by comparing suites of synthetic ground motions generated for given earthquake source and site characteristics to the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) developed as part of phase 2 of the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) program, (NGA-West2, see, e.g., Campbell and Bozorgnia, 2014). Comparison is made in terms of the estimated median level and variability of elastic ground motion response spectra. The use of synthetic motions in addition to or in place of recorded motions is desirable in performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) applications, particularly when recorded motions are scarce or when they are unavailable for a specified design scenario. As a demonstrative application, synthetic motions from the proposed simulation procedure are used to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for a near-fault site. The analysis shows that the hazard at a near-fault site is underestimated when the ground motion model used does not properly account for the possibility of pulselike motions due to the directivity effect.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Characterization and Simulation of Ground Motions Based on Earthquake Scenarios by : Christos Vlachos
Download or read book Stochastic Characterization and Simulation of Ground Motions Based on Earthquake Scenarios written by Christos Vlachos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The statistics of elastic response spectra derived by ensembles of synthetic ground motions are compared with the associated response spectra as predicted by the considered NGA-West2 ground motion prediction equations for a wide spectrum of earthquake scenarios. Finally, earthquake non-linear response-history analyses are conducted for a set of representative single- and multi-degree-of-freedom hysteretic structural systems, comparing the seismically induced inelastic structural demand of the considered systems, when subjected to sets of both real strong ground motion records, and associated simulated ground acceleration time-histories as well. The comparisons are performed in terms of seismic structural demand fragility curves.
Book Synopsis Ground Motion Studies by : Weston Geophysical Research, Inc
Download or read book Ground Motion Studies written by Weston Geophysical Research, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering by : Manolis Papadrakakis
Download or read book Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering written by Manolis Papadrakakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-22 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third book in a series on Computational Methods in Earthquake Engineering. The purpose of this volume is to bring together the scientific communities of Computational Mechanics and Structural Dynamics, offering a wide coverage of timely issues on contemporary Earthquake Engineering. This volume will facilitate the exchange of ideas in topics of mutual interest and can serve as a platform for establishing links between research groups with complementary activities. The computational aspects are emphasized in order to address difficult engineering problems of great social and economic importance.
Book Synopsis Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions by : Aspasia Zerva
Download or read book Spatial Variation of Seismic Ground Motions written by Aspasia Zerva and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial variation of seismic ground motions denotes the differences in the seismic time histories at various locations on the ground surface. This text focuses on the spatial variability of the motions that is caused by the propagation of the waveforms from the earthquake source through the earth strata to the ground surface, and it brings toge
Book Synopsis Colliding Bodies Optimization by : A. Kaveh
Download or read book Colliding Bodies Optimization written by A. Kaveh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-10 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents and applies a novel efficient meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO) for various optimization problems. The first part of the book introduces the concepts and methods involved, while the second is devoted to the applications. Though optimal design of structures is the main topic, two chapters on optimal analysis and applications in constructional management are also included. This algorithm is based on one-dimensional collisions between bodies, with each agent solution being considered as an object or body with mass. After a collision of two moving bodies with specified masses and velocities, these bodies again separate, with new velocities. This collision causes the agents to move toward better positions in the search space. The main algorithm (CBO) is internally parameter independent, setting it apart from previously developed meta-heuristics. This algorithm is enhanced (ECBO) for more efficient applications in the optimal design of structures. The algorithms are implemented in standard computer programming languages (MATLAB and C++) and two main codes are provided for ease of use.
Book Synopsis Stochastic Simulation of Spatially Correlated Earthquake Time Histories, and Energy-compatible and Spectrum-compatible Ground Motion Modification Using Wavelet Packets by : Duruo Huang
Download or read book Stochastic Simulation of Spatially Correlated Earthquake Time Histories, and Energy-compatible and Spectrum-compatible Ground Motion Modification Using Wavelet Packets written by Duruo Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inter-period Correlations of Fourier Amplitude Spectra of Ground-motions by : Jeffrey Ross Bayless
Download or read book Inter-period Correlations of Fourier Amplitude Spectra of Ground-motions written by Jeffrey Ross Bayless and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics-based earthquake simulations, which predict the ground-motions generated by scenario earthquakes, have the potential to be extremely useful in dynamic analyses of structures because they can be generated for scenarios not well represented in the empirical data set such as M8 earthquakes and for site/source-specific rupture geometries. But before simulations are accepted for engineering applications, they first need be validated against recorded data and empirical models. Recent efforts have made significant progress towards validation by considering the median predictions of simulations (e.g. Goulet et al., 2015), but further work is still required in order to validate other critical ground-motion properties. This dissertation develops the framework for validation of one important parameter: the inter-period correlation of [epsilon] of ground-motions. The purpose of this research is three-fold: (1) to illustrate that the inter-period correlation of [epsilon] ([rho][subscript epsilon]) is a critical feature of ground motions that influences variability of structural response and which should be considered as a validation parameter, (2) to develop an avenue for improving the correlation in the simulations, and (3) to provide an example application which can help guide future calibrations. To achieve these goals, an empirical ground-motion model (GMM) is developed for smoothed Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS), and the residuals from this model are used to develop a model for the [rho][subscript epsilon] of the FAS. The FAS is used because it is a more direct representation of the frequency content of the ground motions than response spectra and is better understood by seismologists. Using simple ground-motion simulations based on the point-source stochastic method, the importance of the [rho][subscript epsilon] of FAS in capturing the variability of structural response is demonstrated. Results show that without the adequate [rho][subscript epsilon] of FAS in the simulations, variability in the structural response may be under-estimated. This leads to structural fragilities which are too steep (under-estimated dispersion parameter [beta]) and to non-conservative estimates of seismic risk. To commence the validation process, [rho][subscript epsilon] of the smoothed FAS of several established ground-motion simulation methods are compared with the [rho][subscript epsilon] observed in data. None of the six finite-fault simulation methods tested adequately capture the [rho][subscript epsilon] over the entire frequency range evaluated, although several of the methods show promise, especially at low frequencies. The validation is performed for the FAS because this information provides the developers of the simulation methods better feedback in terms of how they can modify their methods that is not clear when using response spectra comparisons. Finally, the calibration of [rho][subscript epsilon] for one simulation method, EXSIM (Aktinson and Assatourians, 2014) is demonstrated and tested. Recommendations are provided for future [rho][subscript epsilon] calibration efforts.
Book Synopsis Hydro-Environmental Analysis by : James L. Martin
Download or read book Hydro-Environmental Analysis written by James L. Martin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 5742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments. The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods. The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters. Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering. It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe by : Kyriazis D. Pitilakis
Download or read book Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering in Europe written by Kyriazis D. Pitilakis and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of invited lectures including the 5th Nicholas Ambraseys distinguished lecture, four keynote lectures and twenty-two thematic lectures presented at the 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in June 2018. The lectures are put into chapters written by the most prominent internationally recognized academics, scientists, engineers and researchers in Europe. They address a comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art and cutting-edge topics in earthquake engineering, engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. The book is of interest to civil engineers, engineering seismologists, seismic risk managers, policymakers and consulting companies covering a wide spectrum of fields from geotechnical and structural earthquake engineering, to engineering seismology and seismic risk assessment and management. Scientists, professional engineers, researchers, civil protection policymakers and students interested in the seismic design of civil engineering structures and infrastructures, hazard and risk assessment, seismic mitigation policies and strategies, will find in this book not only the most recent advances in the state-of-the-art, but also new ideas on future earthquake engineering and resilient design of structures.
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
