Advancing the Science of Climate Change

Download Advancing the Science of Climate Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145880
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advancing the Science of Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change

Download Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128203943
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change by : Binota Thokchom

Download or read book Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change written by Binota Thokchom and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Conservation in the Era of Global Climate Change reviews key issues surrounding climate change and water resources. The book brings together experts from a variety of fields and perspectives, providing a comprehensive view on how climate change impacts water resources, how water pollution impacts climate change, and how to assess potential hazards and success stories on managing and addressing current issues in the field. Topics also include assessing policy impacts, innovative water reuse strategies, and information on impacts on fisheries and agriculture including food scarcity. This book is an excellent tool for researchers and professionals in Climate Change, Climate Services and Water Resources, and those trying to combat the impacts and issues related to Global and Planetary Change. Covers a wide range of theoretical and practical issues related to how climate change impacts water resources and adaptation, with extended influence on agriculture, food and water security, policymaking, etc. Reviews mathematical tools and simulations models on predicting potential hazards from climate change in such a way they can be useful to readers from a variety of levels of mathematical expertise Examines the potential impacts on agriculture and drinking water quality Includes case studies of successful management of water and pollutants that contribute to climate change

Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change

Download Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780415619776
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change by : Alberto Garrido

Download or read book Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change written by Alberto Garrido and published by . This book was released on 2010-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a raft of leading experts on water resources, this book explores the major issues facing this major subdivision of international studies. Employing a cross disciplinary perspective from economics, management, politics, law and international relations, water resources are examined from every angle.

Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta

Download Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309256224
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta by : National Research Council

Download or read book Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively modified over the last century and a half, California's San Francisco Bay Delta Estuary remains biologically diverse and functions as a central element in California's water supply system. Uncertainties about the future, actions taken under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) and companion California statues, and lawsuits have led to conflict concerning the timing and amount of water that can be diverted from the Delta for agriculture, municipal, and industrial purposes and concerning how much water is needed to protect the Delta ecosystem and its component species. Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta focuses on scientific questions, assumptions, and conclusions underlying water-management alternatives and reviews the initial public draft of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan in terms of adequacy of its use of science and adaptive management. In addition, this report identifies the factors that may be contributing to the decline of federally listed species, recommend future water-supple and delivery options that reflect proper consideration of climate change and compatibility with objectives of maintaining a sustainable Bay-Delta ecosystem, advises what degree of restoration of the Delta system is likely to be attainable, and provides metrics that can be used by resource managers to measure progress toward restoration goals.

Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change

Download Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135968888
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change by : Alberto Garrido

Download or read book Managing Water Resources in a Time of Global Change written by Alberto Garrido and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global change possesses serious challenges for water managers and scientists. In mountain areas, where water supplies for half of the world population originate, climate and hydrologic models are still subject to considerable uncertainty. And yet, critical decisions have to be taken to ensure adequate and safe water supplies to billions of people, millions of farmers and industries, without further deteriorating rivers and water bodies. While global warming is known to cause glaciers’ retreat and reduced snow packs around the world, it is not clear that mountain discharge will be lower. What is widely recognised is that water management must be adapted to accommodate significant regime changes. However, this inevitably involves managing transboundary rivers, adding further complexity to putting principles in practice. This book takes global warming and the importance of mountain areas in world water resources as the starting point. First, it provides detailed reviews of the processes going on in several rivers systems and world regions in Europe (Rhône and Ebro), North America (Canadian Rockies, Western US and Mexico), the Middle East (Jordan), Africa (Tunisia, Kenya and South Africa). These contexts provide case studies and examples that show the difficulties and potential for adaptation to global change. Land-use, economics, numerous modeling approaches are some of the cross-cutting issues covered in the chapters. The volume also includes the views of water practitioners, with two chapters authored by members of the US-Canada International Joint Commission, an industrialist from Western Canada and an environmental leader in Spain. By combining a rich set of contexts and approaches, the volume succeeds in offering a view of the global challenges faced by water agencies, international donors and researchers around the world. A case is made in some chapters to seek adaptive strategies rather than trying to reduce or control resources variability. This requires factoring in land-use, social and economic aspects, especially in developing countries. Another conclusion is that complex problems can and must be posed and negotiated with the help of models, mapping techniques and science-based facts. However complex these may be, there are ways to translate them to easily interpretable and visualisations of alternative scenarios and courses of action. This book provides numerous examples of the potential of such approaches to draft environmental programmes solve transboundary disputes and reduce the economic consequences of droughts and climate instability.

Global Challenges in Water Governance

Download Global Challenges in Water Governance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319615033
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Challenges in Water Governance by : Jeremy J. Schmidt

Download or read book Global Challenges in Water Governance written by Jeremy J. Schmidt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a historically situated explanation of the rise of global water governance and the contemporary challenges that global water governance seeks to address. It is particularly concerned with connecting what are often technical issues in water management with the social and political structures that affect how technical and scientific advice affects decisions. Schmidt and Matthews are careful to avoid the pitfalls of setting up opposing binaries, such as ‘nature versus culture’ or ‘private versus public’, thereby allowing readers to understand how contests over water governance have been shaped over time and why they will continue to be so. Co-written by an academic and a practitioner, Global Challenges in Water Governance combines the dual concerns for both analytical clarity and practical applicability in a way that is particularly valuable both for educators, researchers, decision-makers, and newcomers to the complexities of water use decisions.

The Water Problem

Download The Water Problem PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0815727844
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Water Problem by : Patricia Mulroy

Download or read book The Water Problem written by Patricia Mulroy and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change: a strategic opportunity for water managers? / Kathy Jacobs and Paul Fleming -- The delta : resolving California's water conundrum / Pat Mulroy -- The San Diego strategy : a sea change in western water / Maureen A. Stapleton -- The Colorado River story / Jim Lochhead and Pat Mulroy -- Why examine Nebraska's water governance framework? / Ann Bleed -- Harnessing hydrogeological analysis to improve groundwater management across the American West / Burke W. Griggs and James J. Butler Jr -- Southeast Florida : ground zero for sea level rise / Doug Yoder -- Finding the balance : developing resilient, sustainable water and wastewater systems in New York City / Alan Cohn, Angela Licata, and Emily Lloyd

Water Science, Policy and Management

Download Water Science, Policy and Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119520606
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Water Science, Policy and Management by : Simon James Dadson

Download or read book Water Science, Policy and Management written by Simon James Dadson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth look at science, policy and management in the water sector across the globe Sustainable water management is an increasingly complex challenge and policy priority facing global society. This book examines how governments, municipalities, corporations, and individuals find sustainable water management pathways across competing priorities of water for ecosystems, food, energy, economic growth and human consumption. It looks at the current politics and economics behind the management of our freshwater ecosystems and infrastructure and offers insightful essays that help stimulate more intense and informed debate about the subject and its need for local and international cooperation. This book celebrates the 15-year anniversary of Oxford University’s MSc course in Water Science, Policy and Management. Edited and written by some of the leading minds in the field, writing alongside alumni from the course, Water Science, Policy and Management: A Global Challenge offers in-depth chapters in three parts: Science; Policy; and Management. Topics cover: hydroclimatic extremes and climate change; the past, present, and future of groundwater resources; water quality modelling, monitoring, and management; and challenges for freshwater ecosystems. The book presents critical views on the monitoring and modelling of hydrological processes; the rural water policy in Africa and Asia; the political economy of wastewater in Europe; drought policy management and water allocation. It also examines the financing of water infrastructure; the value of wastewater; water resource planning; sustainable urban water supply and the human right to water. Features perspectives from some of the world’s leading experts on water policy and management Identifies and addresses current and future water sector challenges Charts water policy trends across a rapidly evolving set of challenges in a variety of global areas Covers the reallocation of water; policy process of risk management; the future of the world’s water under global environmental change; and more Water Science, Policy and Management: A Global Challenge is an essential book for policy makers and government agencies involved in water management, and for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying water science, governance, and policy.

Climate Change and Water Resources Management

Download Climate Change and Water Resources Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437920497
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Climate Change and Water Resources Management by : Levi D. Brekke

Download or read book Climate Change and Water Resources Management written by Levi D. Brekke and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many challenges, including climate change, face the Nation¿s water managers. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has provided estimates of how climate may change, but more understanding of the processes driving the changes, the sequences of the changes, and the manifestation of these global changes at different scales could be beneficial. Since the changes will likely affect fundamental drivers of the hydrological cycle, climate change may have a large impact on water resources and water resources managers. The purpose of this interagency report is to explore strategies to improve water management by tracking, anticipating, and responding to climate change. Charts and tables.

Water Management and Climate Change

Download Water Management and Climate Change PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317611276
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Water Management and Climate Change by : Cecilia Tortajada

Download or read book Water Management and Climate Change written by Cecilia Tortajada and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To plan successfully and manage the increased uncertainties posed by likely future climate change, knowledge needs to advance much more for the water profession beyond what it is now available. Meeting these challenges does not depend exclusively on advances in climatological-hydrologic models. Policies for adaptation and strategies for mitigation measures have to be formulated on the basis of what are likely to be the potential impacts. These will have to be regularly fine-tuned and implemented according to changing needs and as more reliable knowledge and data become available. Even more challenging will be the politics of policy making and implementation, which will require a quantum leap from current policy-making and implementation processes. One can even say that, in addition to the development of more reliable models, the politics of climate change and water management remains one of the greatest uncertainties for the water profession. This book addresses water management practices and how these should and could be modified to cope with climatic and other related uncertainties over the next two to three decades; the types of strategies and good practices that may be available or have to be developed to cope with the current and expected uncertainties in relation to climate change; and the types of knowledge, information and technological developments needed to incorporate possible future climate change impacts within the framework of water resources management. Decision making in the water sector under changing climate and related uncertainties, and societal water security under altering and fluctuating climate are also discussed. Several case studies are included from several basins, cities, regions and countries in both developed and non-developing countries. This book was published as a special issue of the International Journal of Water Resources Development.

OECD Studies on Water Climate Change, Water and Agriculture Towards Resilient Systems

Download OECD Studies on Water Climate Change, Water and Agriculture Towards Resilient Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264209131
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OECD Studies on Water Climate Change, Water and Agriculture Towards Resilient Systems by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Studies on Water Climate Change, Water and Agriculture Towards Resilient Systems written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews the main linkages between climate change, water and agriculture as a means to identifying and discussing adaptation strategies for better use and conservation of water resources.

Water in a Changing World

Download Water in a Changing World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 1844078396
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Water in a Changing World by : World Water Assessment Programme (United Nations)

Download or read book Water in a Changing World written by World Water Assessment Programme (United Nations) and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations World Water Development Report, published every three years, is a comprehensive review providing an authoritative picture of the state of the world's freshwater resources. It offers best practices as well as in-depth theoretical analyses to help stimulate ideas and actions for better stewardship in the water sector. It is the only report of its kind, resulting from the collaboration and contributions of the 26 UN agencies, commissions, program, funds, secretariats and conventions that have a significant role in addressing global water concerns.The news media are full of talk of crises - in climate change, energy and food and troubled financial markets. These crises are linked to each other and to water resources management. Unresolved, they may lead to increasing political insecurity and conflict.Water is required to meet our fundamental needs and rising living standards and to sustain our planets fragile ecosystems. Pressures on the resource come from a growing and mobile population, social and cultural change, economic development and technological change. Adding complexity and risk is climate change, with impacts on the resource as well as on the sources of pressure on water.The challenges, though substantial, are not insurmountable. The Report shows how some countries have responded. Progress in providing drinking water is heartening, with the Millennium Development Goal target on track in most regions. But other areas remain unaddressed, and after decades of inaction, the problems in water systems are enormous and will worsen if left unattended.Leaders in the water sector can inform decisions outside their domain and manage water resources to achieve agreed socioeconomic objectives and environmental integrity. Leaders in government, the private sector and civil society determine these objectives and allocate human and financial resources to meet them. Recognizing this responsibility, they must act now!Two volume set: 336 + 96 pages (case studies). Includes CD-ROM.Published jointly with UNESCO Publishing.

Transboundary Water Management and the Climate Change Debate

Download Transboundary Water Management and the Climate Change Debate PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136228357
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transboundary Water Management and the Climate Change Debate by : Anton Earle

Download or read book Transboundary Water Management and the Climate Change Debate written by Anton Earle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has an impact on the ability of transboundary water management institutions to deliver on their respective mandates. The starting point for this book is that actors within transboundary water management institutions develop responses to the climate change debate, as distinct from the physical phenomenon of climate change. Actors respond to this debate broadly in three distinct ways – adapt, resist (as in avoiding the issue) and subvert (as in using the debate to fulfil their own agenda). The book charts approaches which have been taken over the past two decades to promote more effective water management institutions, covering issues of conflict, cooperation, power and law. A new framework for a better understanding of the interaction between transboundary water management institutional resilience and global change is developed through analysis of the way these institutions respond to the climate change debate. This framework is applied to six river case studies from Africa, Asia and the Middle East (Ganges-Brahmaputra, Jordan, Mekong, Niger, Nile, Orange-Senqu) from which learning conclusions and policy recommendations are developed.

Adaptation to Climate Change through Water Resources Management

Download Adaptation to Climate Change through Water Resources Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113620038X
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Adaptation to Climate Change through Water Resources Management by : Dominic Stucker

Download or read book Adaptation to Climate Change through Water Resources Management written by Dominic Stucker and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impacts of human-induced climate change are largely mediated by water, such as alterations in precipitation and glacial melt patterns, variations in river flow, increased occurrence of droughts and floods, and sea level rise in densely populated coastal areas. Such phenomena impact both urban and rural communities in developed, emerging, and developing countries. Taking a systems approach, this book analyzes evidence from 26 countries and identifies common barriers and bridges for local adaptation to climate change through water resources management. It includes a global set of case studies from places experiencing increased environmental and social pressure due to population growth, development and migration, including in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America. All chapters consider the crosscutting themes of adaptive capacity, equity, and sustainability. These point to resilient water allocation policies and practices that are capable of protecting social and environmental interests, whilst ensuring the efficient use of an often-scarce resource.

Future Challenges of Providing High-Quality Water - Volume II

Download Future Challenges of Providing High-Quality Water - Volume II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848262302
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Future Challenges of Providing High-Quality Water - Volume II by : Jo-Ansie van Wyk

Download or read book Future Challenges of Providing High-Quality Water - Volume II written by Jo-Ansie van Wyk and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2009-08-10 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Challenges of Providing High-Quality Water theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Future Challenges of Providing High-Quality Water, explores the globalization of issues and challenges pertaining to the provision of high quality water in future, against the background of global climate change. This work in two volumes is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs.

Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World

Download Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535138936
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World by : Matjaž Glavan

Download or read book Water Challenges of an Urbanizing World written by Matjaž Glavan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global water crisis is a challenge to the security, political stability and environmental sustainability of developing nations and with climate, economically and politically, induces migrations also for the developed ones. Currently, the urban population is 54% with prospects that by the end of 2050 and 2100 66% and 80%, respectively, of the world's population will live in urban environment. Untreated water abstracted from polluted resources and destructed ecosystems as well as discharge of untreated waste water is the cause of health problems and death for millions around the globe. Competition for water is wide among agriculture, industry, power companies and recreational tourism as well as nature habitats. Climate changes are a major threat to the water resources. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in integrated assessment of water resource management in the urbanizing world, which is a foundation to develop society with secure water availability, food market stability and ecosystem preservation.

Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa

Download Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030612252
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa by : Salif Diop

Download or read book Climate Change and Water Resources in Africa written by Salif Diop and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is on the key water-related vulnerabilities to climate change in Africa, particularly in its most vulnerable areas, exploring potential management responses to such vulnerabilities. The African countries are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, with important impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, water availability, water resource management and sea level variations. Already, under various anthropogenic pressures, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing over the past decades, with decreasing water quality, falling groundwater levels, and variability in rainfall, both in terms of timing and intensity. Climate change will further accelerate the rate of change, affecting the ability of people and societies to respond in a timely manner. It is clear that there is no quick fix to the pressures imposed on water resources by climate change. Increasing the resilience of ecosystems and communities to extreme events such as flooding and drought, and integrating climate change risks and opportunities into development decision-making is indeed a key challenge, as much a technical climate-change one, as a political and developmental challenge. The book, in this regard, intends to contribute to the debate around climate change in relation to water resources management in Africa, and in particular inform policy decisions and actions that will improve governments’ and communities’ ability to manage the challenges of climate change and variability in relation to the aquatic ecosystems that they depend on. The knowledge collected in this book will benefit policy makers, researchers, as well as other stakeholders.