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Water In Diesel Emulsions As A Route To Lower Transport Emissions
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Book Synopsis Water-in-Diesel Emulsions as a Route to Lower Transport Emissions by : Joao Carlos Fernandes Serodio
Download or read book Water-in-Diesel Emulsions as a Route to Lower Transport Emissions written by Joao Carlos Fernandes Serodio and published by . This book was released on 2022-12-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines have higher combustion efficiency, high efficiency, durability, and reliability together with their low-operating cost and emit lower carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and unburned hydrocarbons compared to gasoline engines; however, diesel engines are a major source of NOx and particulate matter emissions. The purpose of water-in-fuel emulsion is to enhance combustion efficiency, which improves fuel consumption rates and reduces exhaust gas emissions. Combustion efficiency is obtained by micro-explosion phenomenon, where the sub-droplet of water in the fuel spray droplet will expand and puff, breaking down the fuel spray droplet into smaller particles. The smaller the fuel spray droplet sizes are the easier the fuel will burn, improving fuel consumption rates which will reduce the reliance of hydrocarbons fuels, and reducing exhaust gas emissions, which will contribute to the reduction of greenhouse effect, without any me-chanical or electronic changes to the engine.
Author :Mahmoud R. Noor El-Din Publisher :LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN 13 :9783848426881 Total Pages :104 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (268 download)
Book Synopsis Water-in-Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions by : Mahmoud R. Noor El-Din
Download or read book Water-in-Diesel Fuel Nanoemulsions written by Mahmoud R. Noor El-Din and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few years, the price of the fuel is the main factor affects the consumption and the economy. Even when crude oil prices are stable, the fuels prices normally fluctuate. Additionally, diesel engines are considered a major source of air pollution in cities and urban areas because of their black smoke, nitrogen oxides, particulate matters, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide emissions. Many researchers try to solve these problems using newly alternative fuels. Water-in-diesel fuel nanoemulsions are considered one of these newly alternative fuels in use. Fuel emulsification with water has been considered an effective technique for reducing emissions and enhancing fuel combustion efficiency for diesel engines. In this work, water-in-diesel fuel nanoemulsions with mean droplet size (49.55-190.1 nm) were prepared by mixed nonionic surfactants. The interfacial tension, thermodynamic properties, nanoemulsions stability, physical and rheological properties were investigated. This work is useful to factories and companies that concerned with increasing their economy by reducing coasts of their transportation, increasing of engines efficiency and reducing emissions.
Book Synopsis Water Diesel Emulsion by : Marizan Nor Basirun
Download or read book Water Diesel Emulsion written by Marizan Nor Basirun and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Detroit Diesel 6-71 Engine Burning a 10-percent Water-in-fuel Emulsion by : Robert A. Walter
Download or read book The Emissions and Fuel Economy of a Detroit Diesel 6-71 Engine Burning a 10-percent Water-in-fuel Emulsion written by Robert A. Walter and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial efforts with water/fuel emulsions in diesel engines were directed toward the control of NOx. More recent studies emphasized the use of emulsions to improve fuel economy. It is believed that in a diesel engine combustion process, emulsified fuel droplets would undergo micro-explosions that would decrease the heterogeneity of the injector spray pattern and thus increase the efficiency and fuel economy. Although all data in the literature indicate that emulsions do lower the levels of NOx and smoke, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) generally increase, depending on the amount of water in the emulsion, and the engine type, speed, and load. Reported fuel economy either decreases or increases, again, dependent on the water content, engine type and design, and engine speed and load. Other possible effects, such as increased fuel injector corrosion, water dilution of the lubricating oil, and the possibility of increased combustion chamber deposits have not been studied. The task reported here is a preliminary investigation of water/fuel emulsions in a GM6-71 engine. Surface active agents (surfactants), were used to produce the emulsions for this task. The purposes of this preliminary effort were to resolve the conflicting results in the literature, assess potential problem areas, and aid in formulating future efforts.
Author :United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. Assessment and Standards Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (14 download)
Book Synopsis Impacts of Lubrizol's PuriNOx Water/diesel Emulsion on Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-duty Engines by : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. Assessment and Standards Division
Download or read book Impacts of Lubrizol's PuriNOx Water/diesel Emulsion on Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-duty Engines written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Transportation and Air Quality. Assessment and Standards Division and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Diesel-Water Emulsion Combustion on Diesel Engine NOx Emissions by : Alan Canfield
Download or read book Effects of Diesel-Water Emulsion Combustion on Diesel Engine NOx Emissions written by Alan Canfield and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the effects of combusting a mixture of diesel fuel, water, and surfactant on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from a compression ignition diesel engine. Extensive previous research in the literature has attributed the observed reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions to a suppression of flame temperature due to quenching effects from the water, thereby reducing thermal NOx formation. The report highlights the relevant theory, operation, and design parameters of diesel internal combustion engines. Experimental procedures conducted using a Detroit Diesel 4-cylinder diesel engine are discussed. Results from testing diesel fuel with varying ratios of water balanced with a surfactant to stabilize the emulsion are presented and discussed. The data shows significant NOx emission reduction with up to 45 percent water, by volume, in the fuel. These results are correlated with thermodynamic first law and equilibrium combustion products analyses to estimate the adiabatic flame temperature of the standard fuel and fuel-water emulsion cases. Results indicate that thermal NOx is indeed reduced by quenching and flame temperature suppression, confirming reports in the literature. Recommendations are given for further studies, including improving the fuel-water emulsion and considerations for long-term testing.
Book Synopsis Influence of Steam Injection and Water-in-oil Emulsions on Diesel Fuel Combustion Performance by : Meagan Sung
Download or read book Influence of Steam Injection and Water-in-oil Emulsions on Diesel Fuel Combustion Performance written by Meagan Sung and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water injection can be an effective strategy for reducing NO[subscript x] because water's high specific heat allows it to absorb heat and lower system temperatures. Introducing water as an emulsion can potentially be more effective at reducing emissions than steam injection due to physical properties (such as microexplosions) that can improve atomization and increase mixing. Unfortunately, the immiscibility of emulsions makes them difficult to work with so they must be mixed properly. In this effort, a method for adequately mixing surfactant-free emulsions was established and verified using high speed cinematography. As the water to fuel mass ratio (W/F) increased, emulsion atomization tests showed little change in droplet size and spray angle, but a shorter overall breakup point. Dual-wavelength planar laser induced fluorescence (D-PLIF) patternation showed an increase in water near the center of the spray. Steam injection flames saw little change in reaction stability, but emulsion flames experienced significant losses in stability that limited reaction operability at higher W/F. Emulsions were more effective at reducing NO[subscript x] than steam injection, likely because of liquid water's latent heat of vaporization and the strategic injection of water into the flame core. OH* chemiluminescence showed a decrease in heat release for both methods, though the decrease was greater for emulsions. Both methods saw decreases in flame length for W/F 0.10 and increases in length for W/F 0.15. Lastly, flame imaging showed a shift towards a redder appearance with the addition or more water, as well as a reduction in flame flares.
Book Synopsis Effects of Diesel-Water Emulsion Combustion on Diesel Engine NOx Emissions by :
Download or read book Effects of Diesel-Water Emulsion Combustion on Diesel Engine NOx Emissions written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the effects of combusting a mixture of diesel fuel, water, and surfactant on the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from a compression ignition diesel engine. Extensive previous research in the literature has attributed the observed reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions to a suppression of flame temperature due to quenching effects from the water, thereby reducing thermal NOx formation. The report highlights the relevant theory, operation, and design parameters of diesel internal combustion engines. Experimental procedures conducted using a Detroit Diesel 4-cylinder diesel engine are discussed. Results from testing diesel fuel with varying ratios of water balanced with a surfactant to stabilize the emulsion are presented and discussed. The data shows significant NOx emission reduction with up to 45 percent water, by volume, in the fuel. These results are correlated with thermodynamic first law and equilibrium combustion products analyses to estimate the adiabatic flame temperature of the standard fuel and fuel-water emulsion cases. Results indicate that thermal NOx is indeed reduced by quenching and flame temperature suppression, confirming reports in the literature. Recommendations are given for further studies, including improving the fuel-water emulsion and considerations for long-term testing.
Book Synopsis Effects of Waste Vegetable Oil/water Emulsions on the Emissions and Efficiency of a Listeroid Diesel Engine by : Thomas Joseph Reding
Download or read book Effects of Waste Vegetable Oil/water Emulsions on the Emissions and Efficiency of a Listeroid Diesel Engine written by Thomas Joseph Reding and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents the experimentally determined effects of filtered, heated, waste vegetable oil (WVO) and water emulsions on gaseous emissions, opacity, and fuel efficiency of Listeroid diesel engine -- (p. iii).
Book Synopsis Effect of Reformulated Fuels on Pollutant Emissions from Vehicles by : Giorgio Martini
Download or read book Effect of Reformulated Fuels on Pollutant Emissions from Vehicles written by Giorgio Martini and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emulsified Diesel Emission Testing, Performance Evaluation and Operational Assessment by :
Download or read book Emulsified Diesel Emission Testing, Performance Evaluation and Operational Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Combustion and Emissions by : Society of Automotive Engineers
Download or read book Diesel Combustion and Emissions written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Emissions from a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine Operated on a Stabilized Water-diesel Fuel Emulsion by : Amjad Khan
Download or read book Characterization of Emissions from a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine Operated on a Stabilized Water-diesel Fuel Emulsion written by Amjad Khan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines by : J. Sadhik Basha
Download or read book Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines written by J. Sadhik Basha and published by Engineering Science Reference. This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides research on technical and environmental enhancements to the emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engines. While highlighting topics such as biodiesel emulsions, nanoparticle additives, and mathematical modeling, this book explores the potential additives that have been incorporated into the performance of diesel engines in order to positively affect the environment"--
Book Synopsis Effect of Glycerine and Water Emulsion of Diesel-biodiesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions with EGR. by : Manpreet Singh Sidhu
Download or read book Effect of Glycerine and Water Emulsion of Diesel-biodiesel Blends on Engine Performance and Emissions with EGR. written by Manpreet Singh Sidhu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally rising temperatures and its impact on our ecosystem and earth's natural processes have raised an environmental concern worldwide. The pollution caused due to the burning of fossil fuels has resulted in climate change, thus, compelling the researchers to look for eco-friendly fuels. Biodiesel derived from biomass have emerged recently as a possible fuel due to their role in decreasing CO emissions. However, the excessive production of biodiesel has raised a disposal concern for its by-product glycerine and higher NOx emissions produced through its use has initiated the need to look for other alternative fuels. In the present study, a systematic comparison was performed with multiple blends of diesel-biodiesel and their glycerine emulsions to compare it with water emulsion and investigate the performance and emissions of the related fuels along with the EGR system. All fuel blends and their emulsions were tested on a light-duty and heavy-duty engine. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) was formulated using suitable surfactants to attain the desired stability for various emulsion fuels. Emulsion stability, mean particle droplet size, fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions were observed. It was concluded that brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake-thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with the increase in biodiesel and water-glycerine concentration. For emissions, the rise in CO and HC were noted but reductions in exhaust gas temperature, smoke and NOx were observed with emulsion fuels without EGR. Also, there was a significant decrease in smoke (approximately 80%) with increased concentration of glycerine at 3000 rpm, at high load. With the use of EGR, an increase in BSFC and decrease in BTE was observed. Additionally, EGR was seen to increase smoke, CO and HC emissions but lowers NOx and exhaust gas temperatures. The reduction of NOx in B100 was 20.41% and 16.39% when compared to water emulsion and glycerine emulsion at 10% concentration without EGR, and this reduction continued to 44.07% and 43.25% at maximum EGR % at 3000 rpm and high load respectively.
Book Synopsis An Emulsion of Diesel Oil and Water to Fuel Urban Public Transportation. Demonstration Project by : Commission of the European Communities
Download or read book An Emulsion of Diesel Oil and Water to Fuel Urban Public Transportation. Demonstration Project written by Commission of the European Communities and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Retrofits by : U. S. Environmental Agency
Download or read book Diesel Retrofits written by U. S. Environmental Agency and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology is available to reduce diesel vehicle and engine emissions in a cost-effective way. The ability to use diesel emission reductions for state implementation plan (SIP) and conformity purposes gives states and localities additional incentive to implement diesel retrofit projects. Diesel retrofit technologies reduce pollution from the existing diesel engine fleet by up to 90% for particulate matter (PM), up to 75% for nitrogen oxides (NOx), and up to 90% for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Many diesel retrofit projects are being successfully implemented around the country. Clean diesel projects already initiated are expected to result in approximately 20,000 tons of particulate matter reduced over the life of the projects, with estimated public health benefits of about $5 billion. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on quantifying and using emission reductions from on-road and nonroad diesel vehicles, engines, and equipment that have been retrofitted with emission reduction technology. This guidance document describes how to quantify and use reductions of NOx, VOCs, PM2.5, PM10, and carbon monoxide (CO) in ozone, PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and CO nonattainment and maintenance areas. You can use the emission reductions resulting from implementing a retrofit project in a SIP to help achieve reasonable further progress (RFP), attainment of the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS or "standard"), or maintenance of the NAAQS; and in transportation conformity and general conformity determinations. This guidance document is updated to reflect the new quantification procedures to use EPA's latest on-road emissions model, the MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) model. For nonroad emissions, the nonroad portion of the National MOBILE Inventory Model (NMIM) is the preferred way to estimate benefits of retrofit programs. State and local agencies developing SIPs and conformity analyses for California should consult with EPA Region 9 for information on the current version of EMFAC approved for use in California and for information on how to quantify emission reductions from retrofit projects.
