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Author : M. C. Hu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Water Consumption and Costs for Various Steam Electric Power Plant Cooling Systems written by M. C. Hu and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : H. Gold
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Water Requirements for Steam-electric Power Generation and Synthetic Fuel Plants in the Western United States written by H. Gold and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas E. Croley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Optimum Combinations of Cooling Alternatives for Steam-electric Power Plants written by Thomas E. Croley and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anu K. Mittal
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437924395
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book Energy-Water Nexus written by Anu K. Mittal and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, thermoelectric power plants accounted for 39 percent of total U.S. freshwater withdrawals. Traditionally, power plants have withdrawn water from rivers and other water sources to cool the steam used to produce electricity, so that it may be reused to produce more electricity. Some of this water is consumed, and some is discharged back to a water source. In the context of growing demands for both water and electricity, this report discusses: (1) approaches to reduce freshwater use by power plants and their drawbacks; (2) states' consideration of water use when reviewing proposals to build power plants; and (3) the usefulness of federal water data to experts and state regulators. Includes recommendations. Charts and tables.
Author : Robert A. Paddock
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book A Review of the Effects of the Clean Water Act on Cooling System Selection by the Steam-electric Industry written by Robert A. Paddock and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Steam-electric Plant Air and Water Quality Control Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenneth Fred Najjar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (955 download)
Download or read book Environmental and Economic Comparison of Cooling System Designs for Steam-electric Power Plants written by Kenneth Fred Najjar and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selection of waste heat rejection systems for steam-electric power plants involves a trade-off among environmental, energy and water conservation, and economic factors. This study compares four general types of cooling systems on the basis of these factors. The cooling systems chosen for study are: once-through systems including surface canals and submerged multiport diffusers; shallow closed cycle cooling ponds; mechanical and natural draft evaporative cooling towers; and mechanical draft dry towers. The cooling system comparison involves, first, an optimization of each cooling system and then a comparison among optimal systems. Comparison is made for an 800 MWe fossil unit and a 1200 MWe nuclear unit located at a hypothetical midwestern river site. A set of models has been developed to optimize the components of each cooling system based on the local meteorological and hydrological conditions at the site in accordance with a fixed demand, scalable plant concept. This concept allows one to compare the costs of producing the same net power from each plant/cooling system. Base case economic parameters were used to evaluate the optimum system for each of the four general cooling systems followed by a sensitivity study for each parameter. Comparison of energy and water consumption follows from the results of the performance model, while comparison of environmental impacts is mostly qualitative. Some quantitative modelling was performed for the environmental effects of thermal discharges from once-through systems, fogging from wet cooling towers and water consumption from the ponds, wet towers and once-through. The results of the optimization models of each of the systems are compared on the basis of: performance - discrete distributions of environmental conditions and transient simulation; economics - using base case scenarios and sensitivity values to arrive at costs expressed in terms of production costs, annualized costs and present value costs; energy and water consumption; and environmental effects. The once-through systems were found to be the least expensive of the four systems, the most energy efficient, but potentially the most environmentally damaging. On the other extreme, dry cooling towers are the most environmentally sound while being the most expensive and least energy efficient. Finally, the results of the economic optimization are compared with results from previous comparative studies.
Author : Paul H. Cootner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317513878
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)
Download or read book Water Demand for Steam Electric Generation (Routledge Revivals) written by Paul H. Cootner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-11 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, first published in 1965, the authors identify the technological opportunities and costs of water recirculation and water quality adjustment in thermal plants, relating them to the possibilities for minimal expenditure and maximum efficiency in the use of water for servicing an entire region with thermal power. Water Demand for Steam Electric Generation will be of interest to students of environmental studies.
Author : United States. National Water Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Water Use and Management Aspects of Steam Electric Power Generation, by the Consulting Panal on Waste Heat written by United States. National Water Commission and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John S. Maulbetsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Evaluating Cost, Performance and Water Conserving Capability of Hybrid Cooling written by John S. Maulbetsch and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Abbey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book Water Supply and Demand in an Energy Supply Model written by David Abbey and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Inventory of advanced energy technologies and energy conservation research and development, 1976-1978 written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 2238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (751 download)
Download or read book Economic Implications of Open Versus Closed Cycle Cooling for New Steam Electric Power Plants: a National and Regional Survey written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Energy Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current and anticipated thermal pollution regulations will prevent many new steam electric power plants from operating with once-through cooling. Alternative cooling systems acceptable from an environmental view fail to operate with the same efficiencies, in terms of resources consumed per Kwh of electricity produced, offered by once-through cooling systems. As a consequence there are clear conflicts between meeting environmental objectives and meeting minimum cost and minimum resource consumption objectives. This report examines, at both the regional and national level, the costs of satisfying environmental objectives through the existing thermal pollution regulations. This study forecasts the costs of operating those megawatts of new generating capacity to be installed between the years 1975 and 2000 which will be required to install closed cycle cooling solely to comply with thermal regulations. A regionally disaggregated approach is used in the forecasts in order to preserve as much of the anticipated inter-regional variation in future capacity growth rates and economic trends as possible. The net costs of closed cycle cooling over once- through cooling are based on comparisons of the costs of owning and operating optimal closed and open-cycle cooling configurations in separate regions, using computer codes to simulate joint power plant/ cooling system operation. The expected future costs of current thermal pollution regulations are determined for the mutually exclusive - collectively exhaustive eighteen Water Resources Council Regions within the contiguous U.S., and are expressed in terms of additional dollar expenditures, water losses and energy consumption. These costs are then compared with the expected resource commitments associated with the normal operation of the steam electric power industry. It is found that while energy losses appear to be small, the dollar costs could threaten the profitability of those utility systems which have historically used once-through cooling extensively throughout their system. In addition the additional water demands of closed cycle cooling are likely to disrupt the water supplies in those coastal areas having few untapped freshwater supplies available.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book EPA-600/7 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book EPA-600/9 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Jacob Rutberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (815 download)
Download or read book Modeling Water Use at Thermoelectric Power Plants written by Michael Jacob Rutberg and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The withdrawal and consumption of water at thermoelectric power plants affects regional ecology and supply security of both water and electricity. The existing field data on US power plant water use, however, is of limited granularity and poor quality, hampering efforts to track industry trends and project future scenarios. Furthermore, there is a need for a common quantitative framework on which to evaluate the effects of various technologies on water use at power plants. To address these deficiencies, Part 1 of this thesis develops an analytical system-level generic model (SGEM) of water use at power plants. The S-GEM applies to fossil, nuclear, geothermal and solar thermal plants, using either steam or combined cycles, and outputs water withdrawal and consumption intensity, in liters per megawatt-hour. Two validations of the S-GEM are presented, one against data from the literature for a variety of generation types, the other against field data from coal plants in South Africa. Part 2 of the thesis then focuses on cooling systems, by far the largest consumers of water in most power plants. The water consumption of different cooling systems is placed on a common quantitative basis, enabling direct comparison of water consumption between cooling system types, and examination of the factors that affect water consumption within each cooling system type. The various cost, performance, and environmental impact tradeoffs associated with once-through, pond, wet tower, dry, and hybrid cooling technologies are qualitatively reviewed. Part 3 examines cooling of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, which presents particular problems: the plants generate high waste heat loads, are usually located in water-scarce areas, and are typically on the margin of economic viability. A case study is conducted to explore the use of indirect dry cooling with cold-side thermal energy storage, in which cooling water is chilled and stored at night, when ambient temperatures are lower and the plant is inactive, and then used the following day. This approach is shown to hold promise for reducing the capital, operational, and performance costs of dry cooling for CSP.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
