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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Wages and Employment in the Transition to a Market Economy written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Simon Commander
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Wages and Employment in the Transition to a Market Economy written by Simon Commander and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the inherited ownership structure and the uncertainties associated with reform, market regimes in reforming socialist economies will continue to need centralized controls over wages in worker- controlled firms (the socialized sector). Unemployment and an expanding private sector alone are unlikely to provide a sufficient restraining mechanism for wages.
Author : Xinxin Ma
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811319871
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Economic Transition and Labor Market Reform in China written by Xinxin Ma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-30 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book empirically investigates the changes in labor market structure accompanying the labor market reform in China by focusing on the labor market segmentation problems from the 1980s to 2013. The book also aims to examine the effect of labor policy reforms on individual, household and enterprise behavior, including the causes and consequences of labor market reform in China, particularly the influences of labor policy reforms on labor market performance. Offering valuable insights into the changing structure of the Chinese economy, this book will be of interest to scholars, activists, and economists.
Author : Solomon W. Polachek
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787564614
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Transitions through the Labor Market written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains seven original and innovative articles which analyze labor market transitions, how individuals progress from school to work, choose a particular occupation, move up the job ladder, and finally withdraw from the workforce to retirement. Investigations are done by race and gender; and social implications are examined.
Author : Tito Boeri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Returns to Mobility in the Transition to a Market Economy written by Tito Boeri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter R. Moock
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Education and Earnings in a Transition Economy written by Peter R. Moock and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1998 One study shows that as Vietnam liberalizes its labor market, private rates of return to primary and higher education are already relatively high-and could be higher yet with greater cost recovery and lower costs (a more efficient system). The transition from a centrally planned to a market economy is likely to have a strong impact on the labor market, on relative earnings, and on returns to education. Major economic reforms in Vietnam since 1986 (the policy known as Doi Moi) have included a number of measures to liberalize the labor market. It is too soon to assess the full impact of these reforms, but Moock, Patrinos, and Venkataraman analyze the returns to education, on the basis of earnings in 1992-93 (collected in the first Vietnam Living Standards Survey). This represents one of the first countrywide analyses of the monetary benefits of schooling in Vietnam at a time when the labor market was in transition. On average, the estimated rates of returns are still relatively low, which is to be expected, since salary reforms were not introduced until 1993. Average private rates of return to primary education (13 percent) and university education (11 percent) are higher than those to secondary and vocational education (only 4 to 5 percent). Returns to higher education are slightly higher for women (12 percent) than for men (10 percent). Evidence from other transition economies suggests that returns are likely to increase as reforms in the labor market take full effect. The results support this hypothesis: Returns for younger Vietnamese workers (14 percent) are considerably higher than for older workers (only 4 percent). Implications for policymaking: * It is important to monitor future earnings and trends in the labor market, as updates of this analysis could provide more robust estimates of the transition's effects on earnings and returns to education. * At a time when the Vietnamese government is reassessing its pricing policy, the fact that private rates of return to higher education are relatively high suggests the potential for greater cost recovery. * Efforts to improve efficiency in secondary and higher education could increase the rate of return by lowering costs. This paper-a joint product of the East Asia and Pacific, Country Department I, Human Resources Operations Division, and Human Development Network, Education Team-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to analyze the economic benefits of schooling in transition economies. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Author : Milan Vodopivec
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Labor Market and the Transition of Socialist Economies written by Milan Vodopivec and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One challenge of the transition of socialist economies to multiparty democracy and a market economy will be to reallocate labor while minimizing the social costs of unemployment. Vodopivec identifies the key issues of labor reform and makes policy recommendations.
Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451854781
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book The Labor Market and Economic Adjustment written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role of the labor market in the transmission process of adjustment policies in developing countries. It begins by reviewing the recent evidence regarding the functioning of these markets. It then studies the implications of wage inertia, nominal contracts, labor market segmentation, and impediments to labor mobility for stabilization policies. The effect of labor market reforms on economic flexibility and the channels through which labor market imperfections alter the effects of structural adjustment measures are discussed next. The last part of the paper identifies a variety of issues that may require further investigation, such as the link between changes in relative wages and the distributional effects of adjustment policies.
Author : Jan J. Rutkowski
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition written by Jan J. Rutkowski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies. "--World Bank web site.
Author : Mr.Thierry Pujol
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451849966
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book The Role of Labor Market Rigidities During the Transition written by Mr.Thierry Pujol and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-07-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition to a market economy has been analyzed primarily from a stabilization prospective. To complement that approach, we focus on a pure relative price shock and subsequent price adjustments. A model of monopolistic competition with costly labor adjustment indicates that relative price shocks can induce overall output decline because rigid sectoral real wages do not adjust to offset sectoral price changes, and firms that benefit from the price shock engage in monopolistic behavior. In Poland, empirical evidence suggests that relative wage rigidity contributed to lower employment and output, but there is no strong evidence that competition was important.
Author : Regina T. Riphahn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642565603
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book Employment Policy in Transition written by Regina T. Riphahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historically unique experiment is about to enter its second decade - German unification. Early hopes for a rapid and smooth economic transformation soon turned out to be overly optimistic. Despite massive financial transfers, the political promise of a "blooming landscape" remains a vision. Actual developments have left deep scars on the labor market, and the effects will be felt for decades to come. Was this outcome to be expected, perhaps even inevitable? What went wrong, and what were the available options? Or is the current state of Eastern German labor market in fact better than is commonly assumed?
Author : Fabrizio Coricelli
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)
Download or read book Wage Policy During the Transition to a Market Economy written by Fabrizio Coricelli and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the workings of incomes policy, its rationale and its effects on wages and unemployment, in Poland during the initial stages of the transition to a market economy. It analyzes the role of incomes policy within the overall program of economic reforms started in Poland in January 1990. The paper evaluates in detail the design of wage policy and provides recommendations for an effective scheme. The Polish experience can provide important lessons to other countries, in Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union, which are carrying out programs of market-oriented reforms.
Author : Claire H. Hollweg
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464802645
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Sticky Feet written by Claire H. Hollweg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis in this report confirms the findings of previous studies that trade liberalization improves aggregate welfare and is in the long run associated with higher employment and wages. The analysis addresses a major gap in the literature, which has heretofore provided limited evidence about the trade-related adjustment costs faced by workers in developing countries and how they are affected by mobility costs. Labor market frictions reduce the potential gains from trade reform. For a tariff reduction in a given sector, the resulting change in relative prices raises real wages in some sectors and reduces them in the liberalized sector. The emerging wage gaps lead to labor reallocation. But workers typically incur costs to change jobs; the higher the mobility costs, the slower the transition to the new labor market steady state. Workers’ sticky feet result in foregone welfare gains from trade. This report presents an estimation strategy for capturing mobility costs when only net flows of workers between industries are observed, generating cross-country estimates for 47 developed and developing countries. The basic analytical approach is then refined to take advantage of micro-level data on worker transitions and wages when gross flows can be observed to derive mobility cost estimates that account for sector and formality status. These cost estimates are used to model the dynamic paths of labor reallocation between sectors and in and out of the labor force, the associated wage paths, and the resulting labor adjustment costs. The main findings of the report are that: labor mobility costs in developing countries are high; foregone trade gains due to frictions in labor mobility can also be substantial; workers bear the brunt of adjustment costs; mobility costs and labor market adjustments to trade-related shocks vary by industry, firm type, and worker type; entry costs are significantly higher for formal than for informal employment; trade reforms increase economy-wide wages and employment; and workers displaced by plant closings are likely to face relatively long adjustment periods. The findings provide insights that could be helpful to policymakers hoping to mitigate negative short-term consequences of trade liberalization and facilitate labor adjustment.
Author : Paul G. Hare
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415124348
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (243 download)
Download or read book The Transition to the Market Economy written by Paul G. Hare and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of articles examines the development of one of the most significant economic transformations ever undertaken covering a wide range of countries and economic sectors
Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book How Estonia's Economic Transition Affected Employment and Wages, 1989-95 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mr.Robert J. Flanagan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451977999
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Wage Structure in the Transition of the Czech Economy written by Mr.Robert J. Flanagan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-03-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the perspective of market economies, central planning produced distinct distortions in the wage structures of socialist countries. This paper examines the extent to which wage structures have adjusted to remove such distortions during the economic transition using micro-data from the Czech Republic. There is strong evidence that Czech wage structures are moving toward patterns in market economies, and the change is led by developments in the private sector and retarded by the sluggish response in state enterprises. At the same time, the establishment of collective bargaining does not appear to be introducing countervailing distortions into Czech wage structures.
Author : Bertram Silverman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315486873
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)
Download or read book Labor and Democracy in the Transition to a Market System written by Bertram Silverman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowhere is the tension attending simultaneous political democratization and economic liberalization more sharply felt than in the realm of labour relations. What is happening in Soviet trade unions today? How will the emerging independent unions respond to anticipated rises in unemployment? What kind of social regulation of the labour market will be appropriate in the future? These papers from a pathbreaking US-Soviet conference on labour issues reveal a considerable diversity of views on questions whose resolution will be essential to social peace in this period of transition. Among the noted contributors are Joseph Berliner, Sam Bowles, Richard Freeman, Leonid Gordon, V.L.Kosmarskii, Alla Nazimova, Michael Piore, Boris Rakitskii, Iurii Volkov, Ben Ward and Tatiana Zaslavskaia.
