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Volatile Organic Compound Emissions From Vegetation And Their Responses To Environmental And Meteorological Parameters Measured With Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry Techniques
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Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Vegetation and Their Responses to Environmental and Meteorological Parameters Measured with Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry Techniques by : Efstratios Bourtsoukidis
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Vegetation and Their Responses to Environmental and Meteorological Parameters Measured with Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry Techniques written by Efstratios Bourtsoukidis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Climate Change by : Federico Brilli
Download or read book Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Climate Change written by Federico Brilli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds and Climate Change highlights the relationship between climate change and biogenic VOC and the impact they have on each other. Topics include the synthesis and emission of VOC in plants, how they respond to environmental stresses, how sustainable agricultural practices plants can be used to directly impact climate change beyond carbon sequestration, a review of biogenic VOCs as air pollutants, and the impact of biogenic VOC on clouds. This groundbreaking work is essential for anyone in climate change, global warming and cooling, atmospheric chemistry, clouds, fate and transport of chemicals in the atmosphere, air pollution, sustainability or agriculture. Explains how volatile organic compound (VOC) production and emission in plants can ameliorate the consequences of climate change induced abiotic and biotic stresses Comprehensively addresses the complex interactions between global warming, atmospheric composition and plant ecology beyond carbon sequestration Reviews the use of biogenic VOC in sustainability
Book Synopsis Long-term Monitoring of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Western Australia by Proton Transfer Reaction-mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) by : Erika Zardin
Download or read book Long-term Monitoring of Trace Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air of Western Australia by Proton Transfer Reaction-mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) written by Erika Zardin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are a class of reactive trace species ubiquitous within the Earth's lower atmosphere, being emitted from anthropogenic and biogenic sources both locally and globally. VOC are involved in numerous documented atmospheric issues, including photochemical production of ozone and formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the troposphere. Measuring of VOC concentration and speciation under ambient conditions is pivotal for producing informed environmental and health guidelines, for defining emissions controls strategies, to assess ecosystems response, and ultimately to advance scientific understanding of the atmosphere. This thesis describes the monitoring of VOC concentrations in real time (on-line) and for long-term (several months across three years) in ambient air of two representative locations of Western Australia: the central business district of Perth the State capital city and the rural village of Yarloop, in the proximity of an isolated alumina refinery about 100 km south of Perth. The ambient levels (ppb) of tens of VOC where monitored by means of Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). This chemical ionization mass spectrometric technique allows for highly time-resolved VOC concentration measurements, however, with the disadvantage of providing chemical identity cues limited to the molecular weight of the compound. To partly address this shortcoming, parallel VOC measurements were performed by means of the US EPA toxic organic compound measurements protocols (US EPA TO). These off-line methods provide detailed chemical identity of a several VOC, although with limited temporal resolution. A suite of trace gases relevant to air quality and an array of meteorological parameters have been monitored along with PTR-MS in both the urban and the rural/industrial sites and the datasets merged. The vast multivariate dataset of air quality, meteorology and VOC data has been broadly interpreted within the scope of this work. The data analysis performed ranged from identification of PTR-MS "masses of interest" and attribution to atmospheric VOC, to calculation and summary of seasonal concentration statistics, reconstruction of dial concentration cycles, regression and multivariate statistical analyses with the parallel air quality and meteorological information...
Book Synopsis Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions by : Ülo Niinemets
Download or read book Biology, Controls and Models of Tree Volatile Organic Compound Emissions written by Ülo Niinemets and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-08 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-driven volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions play a major role in atmospheric chemistry, including ozone and photochemical smog formation in the troposphere, and they extend the atmospheric lifetime of the key greenhouse gas, methane. Furthermore, condensation of photo-oxidation products of BVOCs leads to formation of secondary organic aerosols with profound implications for the earth's solar radiation budget and climate. Trees represent the plant life form that most contributes to BVOC emissions, which gives global forests a unique role in regulating atmospheric chemistry. Written by leading experts in the field, the focus is on recent advancements in understanding the controls on plant-driven BVOC emissions, including efforts to quantitatively predict emissions using computer models, particularly on elicitation of emissions under biotic and abiotic stresses, molecular mechanisms of volatile synthesis and emission and the role of emissions in plant stress tolerance.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Ecosystem-scale Emission and Deposition Fluxes of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) and Their Oxidation Products Above Plant Canopies by : Jeong-Hoo Park
Download or read book Quantifying the Ecosystem-scale Emission and Deposition Fluxes of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) and Their Oxidation Products Above Plant Canopies written by Jeong-Hoo Park and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are one of the most important chemical classes in tropospheric chemistry associated with ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. Nevertheless, their emission and deposition rates remain unknown for many potentially important plant species due to lack of measurements. Moreover, the number of BVOC species reported for flux measurement by current techniques has been limited to a small fraction of the number of compounds actually emitted or deposited. Thus, large uncertainties still exist in estimating the ecosystem-scale fluxes of BVOCs and their oxidation products (OVOC). Two intensive field observation campaigns in different vegetation ecosystems took place in summer 2009 and 2010. The Biosphere Effects on AeRosols and Photochemistry EXperiment field campaign during summer 2009 (BEARPEX 2009, June 15 - July 31) was made in a Ponderosa pine plantation on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountain range in California. During summer 2010 (June 25 - July 26), another intensive BVOC concentration and flux measurement campaign was conducted as part of a one-year continuous field campaign (CITRUS 2010, October 2009 - November 2010) in an orange orchard in the Central Valley of California near Visalia. Through these two field campaigns, this dissertation presents the ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of a wide range of BVOC and OVOC by coupling state of the art VOC measurement techniques (proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry; PTR-MS, and proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometry; PTR-TOF-MS) with a well-established micrometeorological approach (eddy-covariance method; EC). Ambient concentrations of BVOC and OVOC were simultaneously measured for investigating fluxes and vertical gradients in both field sites along with the meteorological parameters. From BEARPEX 2009, I developed an approach of using the flux and gradient relationship from species which could be measured quickly enough to use the EC flux method (e.g. 5 Hz) to determine the eddy diffusivity (K), the apply that K to estimate the flux of species for which sufficiently fast measurements were not available to use the EC method. In the past, K had been inferred from heat, H2O and CO2 which don't have similar exchange characteristics as BVOC, thus I suggest using a universal K derived from multiple BVOC can more accurately be applied where PTR-MS measurements are conducted. In the CITRUS field campaign we simultaneously used PTR-MS for flux measurements of 3 species and vertical concentration gradient measurements of 27 species, and PTR-TOF-MS for flux and concentration measurements of a much fuller suite of VOCs above the plant canopy. Using the PTR-TOF-MS we demonstrate for the first time that there were significant emission for 27 VOC species for which concentration is commonly measured by PTR-MS, demonstrating not only the strong potential in use of PTR-TOF-MS in EC flux application but also possible underestimation in current knowledge about BVOC emission from land vegetation. For example, acetic acid was missed in flux measurements by the PTR-MS technique; however, acetic acid was here observed to be the third largest emission of any VOC species in the Orange orchard. I demonstrate for the first time how the application of PTR-TOF-MS can expand our observational capabilities and changes the scope of understanding of VOC exchanges at atmosphere-biosphere interface. Previous work has mostly focused on quantifying emission strength from vegetation for a limited number of BVOC species. However, the results from flux measurements performed during CITRUS 2010 show the existence of significant deposition flux of BVOC and their oxidation products in addition to their emissions. Additionally, active ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges of the vast majority of the VOCs observed (at least 494 species) were discovered by applying a new approach (time shifted absolute value covariance). Through this measurement and analysis, I proved the existence of ecosystem-scale exchanges of species showing vast majority of VOC have bi-directional flux - both upward and downward. This observation is unprecedented, and revealed that most VOC species have at least some active exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere. The observational evidence of active VOC exchanges in two independent ecosystems in this dissertation provides significant insights of interaction between the biosphere and atmosphere, coupling the VOC exchange and photochemistry within and above the plant canopy.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges by : Francesco Loreto
Download or read book Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges written by Francesco Loreto and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) play a critical role in biosphere–atmosphere interactions and are key constraints of the physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere, potentially influencing the climate and the quality of air, especially in the areas exposed to in situ release or long-range transport of anthropogenically polluted air masses. Under these conditions, reactive BVOC may contribute to ozone and particle production. The very large amount of BVOC emitted by vegetation, estimated today to more than 1000Tg C annually, is dominated by methanol and isoprenoids, released predominantly by forest species. Such a high rate of emission implies a large metabolic cost and hence likely indicates very important plant functional roles for these compounds. BVOC can be emitted by plants constitutively, or the emission may be induced in response to biotic and abiotic factors. Both constitutive and induced isoprenoids often act as defensive compounds and are crucial for plant protection in stressful environments. The importance of volatile isoprenoids as protecting molecules has been widely discussed. However, based on the use of genetically modified plants and novel technologies that allow detection of BVOC oxidation products, the idea is emerging that especially volatile isoprenoids act as antioxidants in planta, whereas they contribute to the oxidation potential of the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Emissions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Out of Harvard Forest, MA by : Andrew Vasta
Download or read book Monitoring Emissions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Out of Harvard Forest, MA written by Andrew Vasta and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Airborne and Ground Based Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry in Texas and Mexico City by : Edward Charles Fortner
Download or read book Airborne and Ground Based Measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry in Texas and Mexico City written by Edward Charles Fortner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) are reported from recent airborne and surface based field campaigns. The Southeast Texas Tetroon Study (SETTS) was a project within the TEXAQS 2005 field campaign, conducting airborne measurements that investigated the nocturnal Lagrangian transport of industrial plumes downwind of the Houston, Texas metropolitan area. On the evening of July 26-27, a polluted air mass with elevated mass 43, mass 45 and mass 57 VOCs along with elevated O3, CO, and NOx was tracked from the Houston metropolitan area to an area northwest of Shreveport, LA, a distance of over 200 miles. This campaign demonstrated that the PTRMS is capable of tracking a VOC plume over large distances and these measurements indicate that transport of VOCs, particularly light alkenes and their oxidation products, out of the Houston metropolitan area may need to be considered by areas downwind of the Houston area when they are determining how to attain their air quality goals. During the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006 VOCs were measured by PTR-MS instrumentation on a rooftop in the urban mixed residential and industrial area north northeast of downtown Mexico City. Diurnal profiles of weekday and weekend/holiday aromatic VOC concentrations clearly show the influence of vehicular traffic during the morning rush hour time period and during the afternoon hours although a separate late afternoon peak is not seen. Plumes of toluene elevated as much as 216 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) and ethyl acetate elevated as much as 183 ppbv above background levels were observed during the late night and early morning hours. These plumes indicate the probability of significant industrial sources of these two compounds in the region. The high levels of toluene measured by our PTR-MS exceed levels that would be predicted by examination of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) emission inventory and when these VOC measurements are integrated with measurements conducted throughout the MCMA a better understanding of both the overall spatial pattern of VOCs in the MCMA as well as its variability will be attained.
Book Synopsis Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers by : Peter H. McMurry
Download or read book Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers written by Peter H. McMurry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and comprehensive discussion of the current understanding by atmospheric scientists of airborne particulate matter (PM). Its goal is to provide policy makers who implement air-quality standards with this relevant and needed scientific information. The primary audience for this volume will be regulators, scientists, and members of industry, all of whom have a stake in effective PM management. It will also inform exposure and health scientists, who investigate causal hypotheses of health impacts, characterize exposure, and conduct epidemiological and toxicological studies.
Book Synopsis Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Tropical Savanna Vegetation and Biomass Burning by :
Download or read book Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Tropical Savanna Vegetation and Biomass Burning written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on characterizing the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from grasses and young trees, and the burning of biomass mainly from Africa and Indonesia. The measurements were performed with a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). The biogenic emissions of tropical savanna vegetation were studied in Calabozo (Venezuela). Two field campaigns were carried out, the first during the wet season (1999) and the second during the dry season (2000). Three grass species were studied: T. plumosus, H. rufa and A. canescens, and the tree species B. crassifolia, C. americana and C. vitifolium. The emission rates were determined with a dynamic plant enclosure system. In general, the emissions increased exponentially with increasing temperature and solar radiation. Therefore, the emission rates showed high variability. Consequently, the data were normalized to a standard temperature of 30°C, and standard emission rates thus determined allowed for interspecific and seasonal comparisons. The range of average daytime (10:00-16:00) emission rates of total VOCs measured from green (mature and young) grasses was between 510-960 ngC/g/h. Methanol was the primary emission (140-360 ngC/g/h), followed by acetaldehyde, butene and butanol and acetone with emission rates between 70-200 ngC/g/h. The emissions of propene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) were
Book Synopsis Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere by : Ralf Koppmann
Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere written by Ralf Koppmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Book Synopsis Novel Approaches to the Measurement of Complex Atmospheric VOC Mixtures Using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry by : Daniel John Blenkhorn
Download or read book Novel Approaches to the Measurement of Complex Atmospheric VOC Mixtures Using Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry written by Daniel John Blenkhorn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a soft chemical ionisation mass spectrometry technique frequently applied to measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) abundance. The overarching aim of this thesis is to improve the quantification of compounds that have proved difficult or even impossible to separate or to quantify, through advanced understanding of the detection and ionisation mechanisms and developments in the instrumental design and operation of PTR-MS for deconvolution of mixtures. A new method for the preparation and use of diffusion tube methods as gas standards is reported. Detailed investigation of the ion-molecule reactions with chloroalkanes, chloroalkenes and other atmospherically important molecules, such as isoprene / 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, benzene / ethylbenzene / o,m,p-xylene and methyl vinyl ketone / methacrolein were undertaken to determine the ion- molecule reaction mechanisms, allowing quantification of isomeric species through understanding of the reaction products and novel approaches to the switching of the reduced electric field strength (E/n). The modification of instrumental parameters of PTR-MS were investigated further for the quantification of semi volatile compounds (SVOCs) and more specifically, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Use of a radio frequency (RF) ion funnel and high temperature instrumentation allowed for sub nanogram limits of detection for many PAHs, including Benzo[a]pyrene.
Book Synopsis Emissions of Atmospheric Trace Compounds by : Claire Granier
Download or read book Emissions of Atmospheric Trace Compounds written by Claire Granier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grows out of a 2001 workshop on "Emission of Chemical Species and Aerosols into the Atmosphere." The contents deal with inventories of emissions related to anthropogenic emissions or biomass burning; emissions from vegetation and soils; emissions of mineral and sea-salt aerosols; and emissions of sulphur compounds from the oceans. Concluding chapters show how atmospheric observations have been used to improve our knowledge of emissions.
Book Synopsis Biomass Burning and Global Change: Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa by : Joel S. Levine
Download or read book Biomass Burning and Global Change: Remote sensing, modeling and inventory development, and biomass burning in Africa written by Joel S. Levine and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI by : Clemens Mensink
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI written by Clemens Mensink and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current developments in air pollution modeling are explored as a series of contributions from researchers at the forefront of their field. This newest contribution on air pollution modeling and its application is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; emission modeling and processing; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; atmospheric aerosols. Additionally, this work also examines the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. This work is a collection of selected papers presented at the 36th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application, held in Ottawa, Canada, May 14-18, 2018. The book is intended as reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Selected Organic Chemical Plants by : Canada. Environmental Protection Programs Directorate. Industrial Programs Branch
Download or read book Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Selected Organic Chemical Plants written by Canada. Environmental Protection Programs Directorate. Industrial Programs Branch and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Change Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of global change (IGBP) of the International Council of Scientific Unions.
