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Visual Motor Performance Of Children With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Book Synopsis Visual-motor Performance of Children with High-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders℗ by : Christin Anna McDonald
Download or read book Visual-motor Performance of Children with High-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders℗ written by Christin Anna McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to extend the research on visual-motor measures and characteristics of high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs). This involved examining the measurement comparability of the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test-2nd Edition (BG-II; using the KOPPITZ-2 scoring system; Reynolds, 2007) and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration-6th Edition (VMI-VI; Beery & Beery, 2010) in both HFASD and typically-developing samples of children, and examining the suspected visual-motor issues of children with HFASDs by comparing their performance to that of typically-developing peers using these instruments. A total of 142 children participated in this study, including a sample of 90 children with HFASDs and a sample of 52 typically-developing children for within-group comparisons.^In addition, a sub-sample of 33 matched pairs was analyzed to examine potential visual-motor differences between groups, while controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, parent education, and verbal ability. Within-groups analyses resulted in three clear trends. First, regardless of sample status, individuals scored significantly lower on the VMI-VI composite than the KOPPITZ-2 composite. Second, individuals in both samples scored significantly lower on the VMI-VI Motor Coordination supplemental test than on the VMI-VI Visual Perception supplemental test. Finally, a significant moderate correlation between the KOPPITZ-2 and VMI-VI composite was found in both samples. These results were similar to those previously found by Volker et al. (2010) between the BG-II Copy section (using the Global Scoring system) and VMI-V composite. Furthermore, comparisons across groups using matched pairs yielded different patterns for visual and motor performance.^In general, nonsignificant mean differences were found between the matched sub-samples on tests with reduced motor demands (i.e., VMI-VI Visual Perception and BG-II Perception). In contrast, comparisons between the sub-samples on the majority of tests involving a greater motor influence (e. g., VMI-VI Motor Coordination, KOPPITZ-2, and BG-II Motor) resulted in significant differences and yielded moderate to large effect size estimates (i.e., d = -. 80, d = -1. 28, w = . 37, respectively). For all significant comparisons, the HFASD sub-sample performed significantly lower than the typically-developing sub-sample. Finally, exploratory results, study strengths and study limitations are discussed, as well as recommendations for future research.
Book Synopsis A Comprehensive Book on Autism Spectrum Disorders by : Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi
Download or read book A Comprehensive Book on Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Mohammad-Reza Mohammadi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the book is to serve for clinical, practical, basic and scholarly practices. In twentyfive chapters it covers the most important topics related to Autism Spectrum Disorders in the efficient way and aims to be useful for health professionals in training or clinicians seeking an update. Different people with autism can have very different symptoms. Autism is considered to be a "spectrum" disorder, a group of disorders with similar features. Some people may experience merely mild disturbances, while the others have very serious symptoms. This book is aimed to be used as a textbook for child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship training and will serve as a reference for practicing psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, general psychiatrists, pediatricians, child neurologists, nurses, social workers and family physicians. A free access to the full-text electronic version of the book via Intech reading platform at http://www.intechweb.org is a great bonus.
Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Video Modeling on Motor Performance for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Melissa Bittner
Download or read book Effectiveness of Video Modeling on Motor Performance for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Melissa Bittner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The newly adopted Every Student Succeeds Act (Lam, Mercer, Podolsky, & Darling-Hammond, 2016) requires that school districts use evidence-based practices for student outcomes. Evidence-based practices are based on supported research that are specific to different fields within education (e.g., physical education) and have also reported evidence of increased positive behaviors with specific groups of students (e.g., children with autism spectrum disorder [ASD]). The development of fundamental motor skills in children with ASD is dependent on teachers using evidence-based practices (e.g., picture task cards [PTC], video modeling). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of three types of motor performance instructional strategies (i.e., PTCs, ExerciseBuddy application [EB App], combination) on teaching motor performance to children with ASD. Six children (CA = 5 to 9 years) were purposively selected with ASD. A randomized alternating-treatment design with no baseline was conducted 3 days a week, for 15 min, for 4 consecutive weeks. To determine the raw score for each participant, the investigator and two research assistants evaluated the performance criteria of the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (Ulrich, 2018) and established an inter-rater reliability score of 88% (range = 73 to 97%). Based on visual analysis of the data, the average of overlapping data between protocol conditions across participants approached 100%. Within the limitations of this investigation, it was concluded that there was no functional relation between PTCs, EB App, or combination instructional protocols during motor performance for children with ASD.
Book Synopsis Patterns of Cognitive Functioning in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders by : Wai-On Ann So
Download or read book Patterns of Cognitive Functioning in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Wai-On Ann So and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Patterns of Cognitive Functioning in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Wai-on, Ann, So, 蘇惠安, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Previous research demonstrates an uneven pattern of cognitive abilities in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined whether this uneven pattern exists in preschool children. Participants include 24 children with high-functioning ASD and 28 typically developing (TD) children aged 4 to 6 with comparable average age and development level. No significant group difference in cognitive abilities was found between the ASD and TD group on the MANOVA. Patterns of cognitive functioning found include better performance on memory, weaker performance on language comprehension and expression, fine motor and speed of processing. Nonverbal and visual motor abilities were comparable between groups. Language expression was less impaired than language comprehension, and fine motor abilities were correlated with more cognitive abilities. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5394332 Subjects: Autism spectrum disorders in children
Book Synopsis Autism: The Movement Perspective by : Elizabeth B Torres
Download or read book Autism: The Movement Perspective written by Elizabeth B Torres and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is portrayed as cognitive and social disorders. Undoubtedly, impairments in communication and restricted-repetitive behaviors that now define the disorders have a profound impact on social interactions. But can we go beyond the descriptive, observational nature of this definition and objectively measure that amalgamate of motions and sensations that we call behavior? In this Research Topic we bring movement and its sensation to the forefront of autism research, diagnosis, and treatment. We gather researchers across disciplines with the unifying goal of recognizing movement and sensory disturbances as core symptoms of the disorder. We also hear confirmation from the perspective of autism self-advocates and parents. Those important sources of evidence along with the research presented in this topic demonstrate without a doubt that profound movement and sensory differences do exist in ASD and that they are quantifiable. The work presented in this Research Topic shows us that quantifiable differences in movements have a better chance than current observational techniques to help us uncover subtle solutions that the nervous system with autism has already spontaneously self-discovered and utilized in daily living. Where the naked eye would miss the unique subtleties that help each individual cope, instrumentation and fine kinematic analyses of motions help us uncover inherent capacities and predispositions of the person with autism. The work presented in this topic helps us better articulate through the voices of parents and self-advocates those sensory motor differences that current inventories could not possibly uncover. These differences are seldom perceived as they take place at timescales and frequencies that fall largely beneath our conscious awareness. To the person in the spectrum living with this disorder and to the caregiver creating accommodations to help the affected loved one, these subtleties are very familiar though. Indeed they are often used in clever ways to facilitate daily routines. We have waited much too long in science to listen to the very people that we are trying to define, understand and help. Being autism a social problem by definition, it is remarkable that not a single diagnosis inventory measures the dyadic social interaction that takes place between the examiner and the examinees. Indeed we have conceived the autistic person within a social context where we are incapable –by definition– of accepting those differences. The burden is rather placed on the affected person to whom much too often we refer to in the third person as “non-verbal, without intentionality, without empathy or emotions, without a theory of mind”, among other purely psychological guesses. It is then too easy and shockingly allowed to “reshape” that person, to mold that person to better conform to our social expectations and to extinguish “behaviors” that are socially unacceptable, even through the use of aversive punishing reinforcement techniques if need be. And yet none of those techniques have had a single shred of objective scientific evidence of their effectiveness. We have not objectively measured once, nor have we physiologically characterized once any of those perceived features that we so often use to observationally define what we may think the autistic phenotype may be. We have not properly quantified, beyond paper-and-pencil methods, the effectiveness of interventions in autism. Let us not forget when we do our science, that we are all part of the broad human spectrum.
Book Synopsis Peabody Developmental Motor Scales by : M. Rhonda Folio
Download or read book Peabody Developmental Motor Scales written by M. Rhonda Folio and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Child Psychology, Cognition, Perception, and Language by : William Damon
Download or read book Handbook of Child Psychology, Cognition, Perception, and Language written by William Damon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of the authoritative four-volume reference that spans the entire field of child development and has set the standard against which all other scholarly references are compared. Updated and revised to reflect the new developments in the field, the Handbook of Child Psychology, Sixth Edition contains new chapters on such topics as spirituality, social understanding, and non-verbal communication. Volume 2: Cognition, Perception, and Language, edited by Deanna Kuhn, Columbia University, and Robert S. Siegler, Carnegie Mellon University, covers mechanisms of cognitive and perceptual development in language acquisition. It includes new chapters devoted to neural bases of cognition, motor development, grammar and langauge rules, information processing, and problem solving skills.
Book Synopsis Effects of Visual Supports on the Performance of the Test of Gross Motor Development (Second Edition) by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by :
Download or read book Effects of Visual Supports on the Performance of the Test of Gross Motor Development (Second Edition) by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Ocular Motor and Fine Motor Control in Autism and Asperger's Disorder by : Beth Patricia Johnson
Download or read book An Investigation of Ocular Motor and Fine Motor Control in Autism and Asperger's Disorder written by Beth Patricia Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autistic disorder (henceforth referred to as autism) and Asperger's Disorder (AD) areneurodevelopmental disorders that share characteristic social deficits and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours and interests. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders - Fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR), AD is differentiated from autism on the basis of early language acquisition. However there has been considerable debate as to whether clinical separation of the two conditions is justified, particularly given the considerable overlap between those with autism who have normal intellectual ability (high functioning autism; HFA) and AD. It has been proposed that in the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, due to be released in 2013, that the two disorders be merged into a single autism spectrum disorder diagnostic category. Based on recent studies by Gibbs et al (2012), the proposed ASD diagnostic criteria will result in approximately 20-40% of children who currently meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for autism or Asperger's disorder not meeting diagnosis, despite having significant impairments. Therefore, ongoing research to more clearly define and understand the behavioural and neurobiological phenotypes of autism andAD will be important for creating an evidence base to contribute to future revisions of the DSM.Motor coordination difficulties are increasingly regarded as a commonly associated symptom of HFA and AD. Characterising and elucidating the mechanisms of motor coordination difficulties HFA and AD is essential to developing comprehensive definitions of these disorders, as well as tailoring of appropriate interventions. Furthermore, recent evidence has found subtle dissociation of the two groups based on a profile of motor function and neuroanatomical abnormalities. Behavioural and neuroimaging studies have implicated greater involvement of the cerebellum in the pathology of autism than in AD. Impairment of the cerebellar and fronto-striatal circuitry results in distinct changes to motor profiles. Therefore, such research has the potential to shed light on the neurobiological distinctiveness between autism and AD on the basis of a unique cerebellar-related motor profile. Accordingly, the central aims of this thesiswere:1. to use ocular motor performance and kinematic assessments of handwriting movements in order to further characterise motor abnormalities in HFA and AD 2. elucidate the contributions of the cerebellum and fronto-striatal circuitry in motor impairment in HFA and AD, and3. to determine whether any differences exist between the two groups.Experiment 1 comprehensively characterized the profile of visually guided saccades. It was revealed that those with HFA showed greater eye movement inaccuracy across both small and large movement amplitudes, which was not observed in AD. In Experiment 2, a saccade adaptation paradigm was used to further investigate motor learning, through the refinement of eye movement precision and the role of visual feedback. This experiment confirmed slower refinement of eye movement accuracy in response to visual error in HFA. Furthermore, both HFA and AD were slower to respond to visual feedback, which was more pronounced in HFA than AD. Together the findings from Experiment 1 and 2 are consistent with greater disruption of the cerebellum in HFA than AD. Saccade accuracy (Experiment 1) and saccade correction time (Experiment 2) were significantly correlated with manual dexterity as measured by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children - 2nd edition (MABC-2). Findings from Experiments 3 and 4, which kinematically examined the control of handwriting, found that both children with HFA and AD are heavily reliant on visual cues in modulating the size and consistency of their movements. Experiment 3 revealed that while both children with HFA and AD were successfully able to scaled the size and trajectory of their handwriting movements, HFA showed an additional increase in movement velocity. Although handwriting movements remained accurate despite the increase in movement velocity, movement velocity was negatively correlated with manual dexterity and total motor performance as assessed by the MABC-2. In Experiment 4, in which no visual guides were presented, both HFA and AD were unable to maintain the size and consistency of handwriting movements, and handwriting became macrographic (abnormally large). There were a greater number of perseverative errors and higher movement velocities in the HFA group compared to TD children.ADHD is another neurodevelopmental disorder that shares fronto-striatal abnormalities. However ADHD has a different clinical profile to HFA, characterised primarily by hyperactivity and inattention. Moreover, the motor profiles of the two disorders are also distinct: while HFA shows higher movement variability and difficulties shifting motor plans (as seen in greater numbers of perseverative errors), ADHD show impaired motoric inhibition and decreased cognitive control of motor behaviours. Both HFA and ADHD are known to have handwriting impairments, but standard treatment of handwriting difficulties currently uses a 'one size fits all' approach. Experiment 5, which used a naturalistic handwriting task, contrasted the profile of handwriting difficulties between HFA and ADHD. Experiment 5 revealed no difficulties with spelling and corrections in the HFA group, but rather with the spatial arrangement of letters and words within a sentence. By contrast ADHD showed increase spelling and correction errors, but no impairments in spatial arrangement. These findings help to further delineate the boundaries of the profile HFA and neurodevelopmental disorders. A summary of overall findings across both ocular motor and handwriting studies revealed that motor difficulties in both autism and AD may be underpinned by an overreliance on visual cues for controlling movement size, and impaired visual feedback mechanisms. Children with HFA were distinguishable from those with AD by greaterinaccuracy of eye movements during simple, visually guided eye movements, slower movement correction time following to visual feedback and protracted ocular motor learning. These findings fit within the overarching hypothesis that subtle motor abnormalities may dissociate HFA and AD. Moreover, they are consistent with the hypothesis that while both conditions share deficits suggestive of frontal-basal ganglia abnormalities, HFA is characterised by additional motor abnormalities suggestive of additional disruption to cerebellar circuitry.
Book Synopsis Seeing Through New Eyes by : Melvin Kaplan
Download or read book Seeing Through New Eyes written by Melvin Kaplan and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Kaplan identifies common ASD symptoms such as hand-flapping, poor eye contact and tantrums as typical responses to the confusion caused by vision disorder. He also explains the effects of difficulties that people with autism experience with "ambient vision," including a lack of spatial awareness and trouble with coordination.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Video Modeling on Test of Gross Motor Development-3 Performance Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder by : Layne Katherine Case
Download or read book The Effects of Video Modeling on Test of Gross Motor Development-3 Performance Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Layne Katherine Case and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported to have motor skill delays and deficits. However, there have been challenges to these findings on whether these deficits are due to lack of movement skills or inaccurate assessment methods. Due to relative strengths in processing visual stimuli as opposed to verbal stimuli within this population, instructional and assessment strategies that incorporate visual presentations are recommended. One visual support approach that has found to be successful among children with ASD is video modeling. Video modeling has been shown in the research to improve and maintain behaviors such as social and communicative skills, play skills, and self-help skills, but use is limited in physical activity and motor assessment settings. It is hypothesized that video modeling strategies may also improve motor performance by enhancing accuracy of motor skill assessments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of video modeling on the assessment of motor skills among children with ASD. The Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) was administered to measure motor skills of children in this study. Thirteen children with ASD (ages 11-16) and fifteen children without ASD (ages 3-11) participated in this study. Participants performed the TGMD-3 under two separate protocols (traditional condition and video modeling condition) in a counterbalanced order. The video modeling condition involved video demonstrations of the selected TGMD-3 skills made by the primary investigator and shown on an Apple iPad Air. The two testing conditions were completed on two distinct days within approximately 7 days of each other. Two repeated-measures one-way ANOVAs were used to examine the differences in gross motor scores between the testing conditions. Although gross motor scores of the video modeling condition among children with ASD increased by approximately 2 points, differences were not found to be statistically significant. Scores of children without ASD decreased by approximately 2 points following the video modeling condition, though differences were also not statistically significant. Two separate one-way repeated measures ANOVAs investigating the effectiveness of video modeling on total assessment duration revealed significant increases in assessment time using the video modeling condition, suggesting that the video modeling condition takes longer than the traditional condition. Lastly, two 2x3 (condition by preference) repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that both children with and without ASD perform better using the preferred condition (traditional versus video modeling) of the TGMD-3 though these differences were not significant. Future research is needed in order to further explore the effectiveness of video modeling strategies among children with ASD. Additionally, it is recommended that effective video modeling designs and procedures within motor assessment environments are provided in the literature.
Book Synopsis Understanding Autism by : Steven O. Moldin
Download or read book Understanding Autism written by Steven O. Moldin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-04-25 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking an all-inclusive look at the subject, Understanding Autism: From Basic Neuroscience to Treatment reviews state-of-the-art research on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of autism. The book addresses potential mechanisms that may underlie the development of autism and the neural systems that are likely to be affected by these molecular,
Book Synopsis Key Learning Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders by : Nicole DeWitt
Download or read book Key Learning Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Nicole DeWitt and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finding a way of simultaneously addressing the sensory, motor, emotional, communicative, cognitive and social needs of children on the autism spectrum can be a real challenge, and choosing from the vast array of options available is a daunting task. This book provides a blueprint for an educational intervention program that is evidence-based, comprehensive in scope and integrative in its approach. Grouping techniques into five categories for discussion, the book examines autism spectrum disorders within a developmental context, and shows that interventions with autistic individuals are not only possible, but can be really successful. Specific intervention strategies and program examples for developing competencies in areas such as joint attention, sensory integration, motor functioning, impulse control, memory, self-awareness, theory of mind and empathy, abstract thinking, problem-solving, social skills and community engagement, are presented. Techniques for dealing with specific behavior problems are also examined, including toileting delays, temper-tantrums, and eating and sleeping problems, amongst many others. This book will be essential reading for families, teachers, and other professionals working with children with autism.
Book Synopsis Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Ados-2 by : C Lord
Download or read book Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Ados-2 written by C Lord and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physical Activities for Improving Children's Learning and Behavior by : Billye Ann Cheatum
Download or read book Physical Activities for Improving Children's Learning and Behavior written by Billye Ann Cheatum and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2000 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains sensory motor development and provides activities and games for use in the classroom and at home.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Volume 1 by : Fred R. Volkmar
Download or read book Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Volume 1 written by Fred R. Volkmar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-21 with total page 1105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The newest edition of the most comprehensive handbook on autism and related disorders Since the original edition was first published more than a quarter of a century ago, The Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Volume 1: Diagnosis, Development, and Brain Mechanisms, has been the most influential reference work in the field of autism and related conditions. The new, updated Fourth Edition takes into account the changes in the disorders' definitions in the DSM-V and ICD-10 that may have profound implications for diagnosis and, by extension, access to services. Along with providing practical clinical advice--including the role of psychopharmacology in treatment—the handbook codifies the ever-expanding current body of research throughout both volumes , offering a wealth of information on the epidemiology of autism and the genetic, environmental, biochemical, social, and neuropathological aspects of the disorder. Volume 1 includes: Information on outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders A range of issues and interventions important from infancy, though adolescence and beyond for individuals with autism spectrum disorders Current information about play development, including skills, object play, and interventions Coverage of the state of genetic, biochemical, and neuropathological autism research Chapters on psychopharmacology and medical care in autism and related conditions The new edition includes the relevant updates to help readers stay abreast of the state of this rapidly evolving field and gives them a guide to separate the wheat from the chaff as information about autism proliferates.
Book Synopsis Graphonomics in Human Body Movement. Bridging Research and Practice from Motor Control to Handwriting Analysis and Recognition by : Antonio Parziale
Download or read book Graphonomics in Human Body Movement. Bridging Research and Practice from Motor Control to Handwriting Analysis and Recognition written by Antonio Parziale and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
