Viral Zoonoses

Download Viral Zoonoses full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Viral Zoonoses ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Animal-Origin Viral Zoonoses

Author : Yashpal Singh Malik
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811526516
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Animal-Origin Viral Zoonoses by : Yashpal Singh Malik

Download or read book Animal-Origin Viral Zoonoses written by Yashpal Singh Malik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second volume in the series Livestock Diseases and Management, and reviews the importance and implications of animal origin viral zoonoses. It also highlights the specific etiology and epidemiology of these viral infections and discusses their various biological and mechanical transmission mechanisms. Further, the book reviews various measures for controlling viral zoonoses and examines novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. Discussing recent studies on the pathogenesis and host immune response to these infections, it underscores the importance of using vaccines against these viral diseases to reduce the risk of them being transmitted to humans.Lastly, it describes in detail the challenges posed by these viral infections and our readiness to face them.

The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309169739
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-09 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic diseases represent one of the leading causes of illness and death from infectious disease. Defined by the World Health Organization, zoonoses are "those diseases and infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediate." Worldwide, zoonotic diseases have a negative impact on commerce, travel, and economies. In most developing countries, zoonotic diseases are among those diseases that contribute significantly to an already overly burdened public health system. In industrialized nations, zoonotic diseases are of particular concern for at-risk groups such as the elderly, children, childbearing women, and immunocompromised individuals. The Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases: Understanding the Impact on Animal and Human Health, covers a range of topics, which include: an evaluation of the relative importance of zoonotic diseases against the overall backdrop of emerging infections; research findings related to the current state of our understanding of zoonotic diseases; surveillance and response strategies to detect, prevent, and mitigate the impact of zoonotic diseases on human health; and information about ongoing programs and actions being taken to identify the most important needs in this vital area.

Zoonoses

Author : Rolf Bauerfeind
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1555819257
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (558 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Zoonoses by : Rolf Bauerfeind

Download or read book Zoonoses written by Rolf Bauerfeind and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonoses are a persistent threat to the global human health Today, more than 200 diseases occurring in humans and animals are known to be mutually transmitted. Classical infectious diseases, such as rabies, plague, and yellow fever, have not been eradicated despite major efforts. New zoonotic diseases are on the increase due global conditions such as overpopulation, wars, and food scarcity, which facilitate human contact with rodents, stray animals, and their parasites. In addition, humans are unwittingly becoming accidental hosts and new links in an infectious chain by engaging in activities such as survival training, which involves camping in open areas and consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked food. Zoonotic infections cause a variety of symptoms that often do not provide clear evidence of a known disease. Zoonoses, Fourth Edition, describes most occurring worldwide zoonosis and facilitates the identification, diagnosis and treatment of zoonotic infections. Written by a team of doctors, medical microbiologists and veterinarians, this completely, revised edition covers all aspects of the epidemiology and prevention of zoonotic diseases through clear descriptions of various illnesses. Specifically, this fourth edition covers zoonosis caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites infections caused by animal bites infections and intoxications by animal foods Iatrogenic transmission of zoonotic pathogens Zoonoses is an indispensable reference for clinicians and laboratorians.

Microbial Zoonoses and Sapronoses

Author : Zdenek Hubálek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048196574
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Microbial Zoonoses and Sapronoses by : Zdenek Hubálek

Download or read book Microbial Zoonoses and Sapronoses written by Zdenek Hubálek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of art in the field of microbial zoonoses and sapronoses. It could be used as a textbook or manual in microbiology and medical zoology for students of human and veterinary medicine, including Ph.D. students, and for biomedicine scientists and medical practitioners and specialists as well. Surprisingly, severe zoonoses and sapronoses still appear that are either entirely new (e.g., SARS), newly recognized (Lyme borreliosis), resurging (West Nile fever in Europe), increasing in incidence (campylobacterosis), spatially expanding (West Nile fever in the Americas), with a changing range of hosts and/or vectors, with changing clinical manifestations or acquiring antibiotic resistance. The collective term for those diseases is (re)emerging infections, and most of them represent zoonoses and sapronoses (the rest are anthroponoses). The number of known zoonotic and sapronotic pathogens of humans is continually growing − over 800 today. In the introductory part, short characteristics are given of infectious and epidemic process, including the role of environmental factors, possibilities of their epidemiological surveillance, and control. Much emphasis is laid on ecological aspects of these diseases (haematophagous vectors and their life history; vertebrate hosts of zoonoses; habitats of the agents and their geographic distribution; natural focality of diseases). Particular zoonoses and sapronoses are then characterized in the following brief paragraphs: source of human infection; animal disease; transmission mode; human disease; epidemiology; diagnostics; therapy; geographic distribution.

Handbook of Zoonoses E-Book

Author : Joann Colville
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323070922
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Zoonoses E-Book by : Joann Colville

Download or read book Handbook of Zoonoses E-Book written by Joann Colville and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2007-07-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential, authoritative handbook provides clear, accurate coverage of zoonoses — diseases that can spread from animals to humans. The consistent format helps you quickly locate key information, such as how each disease affects the host, how it is spread, how it is treated, and necessary safety precautions. It also discusses the importance of educating animal owners about the public health implications of zoonoses and how to prevent them from spreading. Clear, concise coverage helps you respond quickly when presented with diseases that could potentially spread between patients, clients, and staff in the veterinary clinic. Each disease entry begins with a chart of its potential morbidity (the rate of incidence of a disease) and mortality (death rate), giving you at-a-glance access to the chance of contracting the disease and the severity of the disease if contracted. Clinically relevant coverage includes information on the etiology (bacterial, viral, parasitic, etc.), most common nonhuman hosts, transmission modes, course of the disease, clinical signs in animals and humans, diagnostic tests, prevention, and general advice. Essential information on preventing the spread of disease helps you educate clients about how to protect themselves and their animals from zoonoses. Coverage of diseases such as mad cow disease, West Nile virus, rabies, and anthrax, prepares you to answer client questions about diseases that are in the public eye.

Marburg and Ebola Viruses

Author : Hans-Dieter Klenk
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642641930
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (419 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Marburg and Ebola Viruses by : Hans-Dieter Klenk

Download or read book Marburg and Ebola Viruses written by Hans-Dieter Klenk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marburg and Ebola virus, the two species within the family Filoviridae, are among the most pathogenic agents causing fulminant hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. The chronology of filovirus epidemics and epizootics proves that these viruses are prototypes of emerging/re-emerging pathogens. Since the discovery of Marburg virus in 1967 until the recent Ebola virus outbreaks in Central and West Africa filoviruses have not only raised the interest of scientists, but have also been a matter of high public concern. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology our knowledge on the genome structure and the replication strategies of these agents has significantly increased. This volumes gives an overview on many aspects of filovirus research and summarizes recent advances in the field. The topics addressed include the molecular biology of filoviruses, pathogenesis, epidemiology, immune response, as well as clinical aspects and diagnostic measures.

Companion Animal Zoonoses

Author : J. Scott Weese
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0813819644
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (138 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Companion Animal Zoonoses by : J. Scott Weese

Download or read book Companion Animal Zoonoses written by J. Scott Weese and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Companion Animal Zoonoses is a comprehensive resource on diseases transmissible between animals and humans. Presenting detailed prevention and control strategies for zoonotic diseases, the book is an in-depth guide to practical information on the spread of disease between pet animals and humans. This relevant work provides up-to-date information on emerging issues, disease incidence and risk, and management measures. Covering the complete range of companion animal zoonoses, each topic begins with information on etiology, geographic distribution, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. The discussion then moves into clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management, alongside prevention information for both animals and humans. Companion Animal Zoonoses is an essential reference for practicing veterinarians, public health veterinarians, and veterinary students. It will also appeal to physicians who wish to better understand zoonotic diseases.

Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin

Author : Oskar-Rüger Kaaden
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709165342
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin by : Oskar-Rüger Kaaden

Download or read book Viral Zoonoses and Food of Animal Origin written by Oskar-Rüger Kaaden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the central theme of this book is the transmission of disease agents through the food chain, we will examine influenza viruses from this perspective. Influenza A viruses are found in humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, and also in wild aquatic and domestic birds [23]. How are they spread? Between mammals, influenza is an airborne infection, but between birds, influenza can be either an airborne or waterborne infection. Influenza viruses of aquatic birds periodically transmit to domestic birds sometimes with catastrophic effects; this transmis sion can be either airborne or waterborne. Less frequently, avian influenza viruses transmit to mammals and three to four times in the past century this transmission has initiated a pandemic of influenza in humans. The method of spread of avian influenza viruses to mammals remains unresolved, but could be either airborne or waterborne. In this report we will consider recent examples of interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses and the possible prevention of emergence of the next human pandemic which is considered imminent. The reservoirs of influenza A viruses The available evidence indicates that aquatic birds are the reservoirs of all 15 subtypes of influenza A viruses. We will first consider the replication of influenza A in aquatic birds. In wild ducks, influenza viruses replicate preferentially in the cells lining the intestinal tract, cause no disease signs, and 8 7 are excreted in high concentrations in the feces (up to 10 .

Emerging Viral Diseases

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309314003
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Emerging Viral Diseases by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Emerging Viral Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread. Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.

Handbook of Zoonoses, Section B

Author : George W. Beran
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351441795
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Handbook of Zoonoses, Section B by : George W. Beran

Download or read book Handbook of Zoonoses, Section B written by George W. Beran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume handbook presents the most authoritative and comprehensive reference work on major zoonoses of the world. The Handbook of Zoonoses covers most diseases communicable to humans, as well as those diseases common to both animals and humans. It identifies animal diseases that are host specific and reviews the effects of various human diseases on animals. Discussions address diseases that remain important public and animal health problems and the techniques that can control and prevent them. The chapters are written by internationally recognized scientists in their respective areas of disease, who work or have worked extensively in the most affected areas of the world. The emphasis for each zoonosis is on the epidemiology of the disease, the clinical syndromes and carrier states in infected animals and humans, and the most current methods for diagnosis and approaches to control. For infectious agents or biologic toxins, which may be transmitted by foods of animal origin, a strong focus is placed on food safety measures. The etiologic and therapeutic aspects of each disease important to epidemiology and control are identified.

Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Viral Encephalitides

Author : Charles H. Calisher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709105722
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Viral Encephalitides by : Charles H. Calisher

Download or read book Emergence and Control of Zoonotic Viral Encephalitides written by Charles H. Calisher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this period of obvious natural emergence of viral and other diseases, it is unclear as to what diseases are emerging, why they are emerging, and what, if anything, can be done to prevent or diminish their impact. This book, a compendium of presentations made at an international meeting of experts, provides summaries of areas of concern and details as to how disease agents such as Nipah and Hendra viruses in Australasia and West Nile virus in the Americas might have suddenly appeared. Either by alterations in natural habitats and diversity or by chance, pathogens emerge from time to time. This book addresses various aspects of such emergences, such as pathogenetic mechanisms of viruses, diagnosis of viral infections, viral host-management strategies, viral genetics, vaccine development and application. It is especially valuable for laboratory virologists, disease ecologists, physicians, and those who want to understand the complexities of viral characteristics.

Zoonoses

Author : H. Krauss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Zoonoses by : H. Krauss

Download or read book Zoonoses written by H. Krauss and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by veterinarians, medical microbiologists, and physicians with broad experience in the field of infectious diseases. * Covers all aspects of epidemiology, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis, as well as therapy and prophylaxis of zoonotic diseases. * Examines the most advanced diagnostic techniques, including PCR and ELISA, for the detection of sporadic infections even with rare organisms.* Serves a valuable reference for professionals in medicine, veterinary medicine, public health, and diagnostic laboratories and is especially helpful for those who are not experts in the field.

Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book

Author : Edward T Ryan
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323625509
Total Pages : 1264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book by : Edward T Ryan

Download or read book Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book written by Edward T Ryan and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New emerging diseases, new diagnostic modalities for resource-poor settings, new vaccine schedules ... all significant, recent developments in the fast-changing field of tropical medicine. Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10th Edition, keeps you up to date with everything from infectious diseases and environmental issues through poisoning and toxicology, animal injuries, and nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies that result from traveling to tropical or subtropical regions. This comprehensive resource provides authoritative clinical guidance, useful statistics, and chapters covering organs, skills, and services, as well as traditional pathogen-based content. You’ll get a full understanding of how to recognize and treat these unique health issues, no matter how widespread or difficult to control. Includes important updates on malaria, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and HIV, as well as coverage of Ebola, Zika virus, Chikungunya, and other emerging pathogens. Provides new vaccine schedules and information on implementation. Features five all-new chapters: Neglected Tropical Diseases: Public Health Control Programs and Mass Drug Administration; Health System and Health Care Delivery; Zika; Medical Entomology; and Vector Control – as well as 250 new images throughout. Presents the common characteristics and methods of transmission for each tropical disease, as well as the applicable diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease prevention techniques. Contains skills-based chapters such as dentistry, neonatal pediatrics and ICMI, and surgery in the tropics, and service-based chapters such as transfusion in resource-poor settings, microbiology, and imaging. Discusses maladies such as delusional parasitosis that are often seen in returning travelers, including those making international adoptions, transplant patients, medical tourists, and more.

Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens

Author : Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128149671
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens by : Moulay Mustapha Ennaji

Download or read book Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens written by Moulay Mustapha Ennaji and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Applied Virology Approaches Related to Human, Animal and Environmental Pathogens, Volume Two presents new research information on viruses and their impact on the scientific community. It provides a reference book on certain viruses in humans, animals and vegetal, along with a comprehensive discussion on interspecies interactions. The book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. The book's end goal is to create awareness that the appearance of newly transmissible pathogens is a global risk that requires shared/adoptable policies for prevention and control. Covers most emerging viral disease in humans, animals and plants Provides the most advanced tools and techniques in molecular virology and the modeling of viruses Creates awareness that the appearance of new transmissible pathogens is a global risk Highlights the need to adopt shared policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases

Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic

Author : David Quammen
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393066800
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic by : David Quammen

Download or read book Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic written by David Quammen and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2012-10 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A masterpiece of science reporting that tracks the animal origins of emerginghuman diseases.

Research Priorities for Zoonoses and Marginalized Infections

Author : TDR Disease Reference Group on Zoonoses and Marginalized Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Publisher : WHO Technical Report
ISBN 13 : 9789241209717
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Research Priorities for Zoonoses and Marginalized Infections by : TDR Disease Reference Group on Zoonoses and Marginalized Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Download or read book Research Priorities for Zoonoses and Marginalized Infections written by TDR Disease Reference Group on Zoonoses and Marginalized Infectious Diseases of Poverty and published by WHO Technical Report. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a review and analysis of the research landscape for zoonoses and marginalized infections which affect poor populations, and a list of research priorities to support disease control. The work is the output of the disease reference group on zoonoses and marginalized infectious diseases (DRG6), which is part of an independent think tank of international experts, established and funded by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), to identify key research priorities through the review of research evidence and input from stakeholder consultations. The report covers a diverse range of diseases including zoonotic helminth protozoa, viral and bacterial infections considered to be neglected and associated with poverty. Disease-specific research issues were elaborated under individual disease sections and many common priorities were readily identified among the disease such as need for new and/or improved drugs and regimens, diagnostics and, where appropriate, vaccines. The disease specific priorities are described as micro priorities compared with the macro level priorities which will drive such policies as the need for improved surveillance; the need for inter-sectoral interaction between health, livestock, agriculture, natural resources and wildlife in tackling the zoonotic diseases; and the need for a true assessment of the burden of the zoonoses. This is one of ten disease and thematic reference group reports that have come out of the TDR Think Tank, all of which have contributed to the development of the Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty.

Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

Author : Andreas Sing
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031271645
Total Pages : 1713 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals by : Andreas Sing

Download or read book Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals written by Andreas Sing and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 1713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second fully revised and extended edition of “Zoonoses - Infections Affecting Humans and Animals” covers the most important pathogens impacting both human and animal public health and debates current developments in this interdisciplinary field from a One Health perspective. Following a "setting" approach, the individual chapters each review zoonoses occurring in a specific group of animals, such as production animals, pets or wildlife, or in a defined ecosystem. A focus is put on zoonoses emerging along the food chain and on antibiotic resistance as an increasing challenge in infectious disease management. Special interest chapters debate non-resolved and currently hotly debated zoonoses, foremost COVID-19, influenza, Crohn/paratuberculosis and chronic botulism, also taking into account the economic and ecological aspects of zoonotic disease outbreaks. This second edition includes brand-new chapters on emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, chlamydia and helminths, it reviews historic zoonoses, provides additional insights into pathogens of reptiles and highlights significant neglected tropical diseases. This reference work is a must-read for researchers, health professionals and students in Microbiology and Veterinary Medicine. The book’s ambition to spread knowledge on zoonoses and on strategies on how to tackle them complies with the United Nations Sustainable Goals, in particular Goal 3 – Good Health and Well-Being.