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Download or read book Violent Cookoff Reactions in HMX-based Explosives in DDT Tubes written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Violent Reactions and DDT in Hot, Thermally Damaged HMX-Based PBXs written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional high explosives (e.g. PBX 9501, LX-07) have been observed to react violently following thermal insult: (1) Fast convective and compressive burns (HEVR); (2) Thermal explosions (HEVR); and (3) Deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). No models exist that sufficiently capture/predict these complex multiphase and multiscale behaviors. For now, research is focused on identifying vulnerabilities and factors that control this behavior.
Download or read book Thermal Cook-off of an HMX Based Explosive written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety issues related to thermal cook-off are important for handling and storing explosive devices. Violence of event as a function of confinement is important for prediction of collateral events. There are major issues, which require an understanding of the following events: (1) transit to detonation of a pressure wave from a cook-off event, (2) sensitivity of HMX based explosives changes with thermally induced phase transitions and (3) the potential danger of neighboring explosive devices being affected by a cook-off reaction. Results of cook-off events of known size, confinement and thermal history allows for development and/or calibrating computer models for calculating events that are difficult to measure experimentally.
Download or read book Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-based Explosives -- Effect of Composition, Confinement and Phase Transition Using the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment (STEX) to provide a database of reaction violence from thermal explosion of explosives of interest. A cylinder of explosive, 1, 2 or 4 inches in diameter, is confined in a steel cylinder with heavy end caps, and heated under controlled conditions until it explodes. Reaction violence is quantified by micropower radar measurement of the cylinder wall velocity, and by strain gauge data at reaction onset. Here we describe the test concept and design, show that the conditions are well understood, and present initial data with HMX-based explosives. The HMX results show that an explosive with high binder content yields less-violent reactions that an explosive with low binder content, and that the HMX phase at the time of explosion plays a key role in reaction violence.
Download or read book Thermal Explosion Violence of HMX-Based and RDX-Based Explosives - Effects of Composition, Confinement, and Solid Phase Using the Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Scaled Thermal Explosion Experiment (STEX) has been developed to quantify the violence of thermal explosion under well defined and carefully controlled initial and boundary conditions. Here we present results with HMX-based explosives (LX-04 and PBX-9501) and with Composition B. Samples are 2 inches (50 mm) in diameter and 8 inches (200 mm) in length, under confinement of 7,500-30,000 psi (50-200 MPa), with heating rates of 1-3 C/hr. We quantify reaction violence by measuring the wall velocity in the ensuing thermal explosion, and relate the measured velocity to that expected from a detonation. Results with HMX-based explosives (LX-04 and PBX-9501) have shown the importance of confinement and HMX solid phase, with reaction violence ranging from mild pressure bursts to near detonations. By contrast, Composition B has shown very violent reactions over a wide range of conditions.
Author : F. Garcia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book THERMAL COOK-OFF EXPERIMENTS OF THE HMX BASED HIGH EXPLOSIVE LX-04 TO CHARACTERIZE VIOLENCE WITH VARYING CONFINEMENT. written by F. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal cook-off experiments were carried out using LX-04 explosive (85% HMX and 15% Viton by weight) with different levels of confinement to characterize the effect of confinement on the reaction violence. These experiments involved heating a porous LX-04 sample in a stainless steel container with varying container end plate thickness and assembly bolt diameter to control overall confinement. As expected, detonation did not occur and reducing the overall confinement lowered the reaction violence. This is consistent with modeling results that predict that a lower confinement will act to lower the cook-off pressure and thus the overall burn rate which lowers the overall violence. These results suggest that controlling the overall system confinement can modify the relative safety in a given scenario.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Ensekigaisen ni yoru kakuyūgō purazuma no shindan, keisoku kenkyū hōkokusho written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book DDT of Hot, Thermally Damaged PBX 9501 in Heavy Confinement written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research presented examines DDT of cylinders of PBX 9501 damaged above 180 C in heavy confinement for 0-3 hours and end-ignited or ramped until self-ignition (cookoff) occurred. Progression of luminous reaction was observed by streak photography through a glass-filled slit running the length of the cylinder. Post-mortem analysis of the steel DDT tubes was also done for correlation with the optical records. Results indicate that repeatable, Type I DDT was observed to occur in hot, thermally damaged PBX 9501 with low levels of porosity. It was demonstrated that multiple parameters affect DDT behavior, most likely in a coupled fashion. These parameters are porosity, ignition temperature and thermal soak duration. Conditions leading up to cookoff were shown to sensitize the HE to DDT by increasing likelihood and decreasing run length. Over the range of porosities (0-37%) and ignition temperatures (180-235 C), run lengths and detonation velocities varied, respectively, from approximately 22-109 mm and 6.0-8.3 mm [mu]s−1. This work fills a valuable and realistic space in the understanding of high explosive violent reaction, including DDT, in abnormal thermal environments.
Author : United Nations
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789211303940
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods written by United Nations and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Manual of Tests and Criteria contains criteria, test methods and procedures to be used for classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of Parts 2 and 3 of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). As a consequence, it supplements also national or international regulations which are derived from the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods or the GHS. At its ninth session (7 December 2018), the Committee adopted a set of amendments to the sixth revised edition of the Manual as amended by Amendment 1. This seventh revised edition takes account of these amendments. In addition, noting that the work to facilitate the use of the Manual in the context of the GHS had been completed, the Committee considered that the reference to the "Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods" in the title of the Manual was no longer appropriate, and decided that from now on, the Manual should be entitled "Manual of Tests and Criteria".
Download or read book Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: Model ... written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jonas A. Zukas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461205891
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Explosive Effects and Applications written by Jonas A. Zukas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a broad-based text on the fundamentals of explosive behavior and the application of explosives in civil engineering, industrial processes, aerospace applications, and military uses.
Author : Ordnance Department
Publisher : Legare Street Press
ISBN 13 : 9781016219969
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Military Explosives written by Ordnance Department and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : Thomas M. Klapötke
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540722025
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)
Download or read book High Energy Density Materials written by Thomas M. Klapötke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dabir S. Viswanath
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402412018
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)
Download or read book Emerging Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Physicochemical, and Detonation Properties written by Dabir S. Viswanath and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes science and technology of a new generation of high-energy andinsensitive explosives. The objective is to provide professionals with comprehensiveinformation on the synthesis and the physicochemical and detonation properties ofthe explosives. Potential technologies applicable for treatment of contaminated wastestreams from manufacturing facilities and environmental matrices are also be included.This book provides the reader an insight into the depth and breadth of theoreticaland empirical models and experimental techniques currently being developed in thefield of energetic materials. It presents the latest research by DoD engineers andscientists, and some of DoD’s academic and industrial researcher partners. The topicsexplored and the simulations developed or modified for the purposes of energetics mayfind application in other closely related fields, such as the pharmaceutical industry.One of the key features of the book is the treatment of wastewaters generated duringmanufacturing of these energetic materials.
Author : Gilbert F. Kinney
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642866824
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Explosive Shocks in Air written by Gilbert F. Kinney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A purpose of science is to organize diversified factual knowledge into a coherent body of information, and to present this from the simplest possible viewpoint. This is a formidable task where our knowledge is incomplete, as it is with explosions. Here one runs the risk of oversimplification, naivete, and incom pleteness. Nevertheless a purpose of this work is to present as simply as possible a general description of the basic nature of explosions. This treatise should be of interest to all who are working with explosives such as used in construction or in demolition work, in mining operations, or in military applications. It should also be of interest to those concemed with disasters such as explosions or earthquakes, to those involved in civil defense precautions, and to those concemed with defense against terrorists. That is, this material should be of interest to all who wish to utilize, or to avoid, the effects of explosions as weil as to those whose interest is primarily scientific in nature.
Author : James R. Asay
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331933347X
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)
Download or read book Impactful Times written by James R. Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a history of shock compression science, including development of experimental, material modeling, and hydrodynamics code technologies over the past six decades at Sandia National Laboratories. The book is organized into a discussion of major accomplishments by decade with over 900 references, followed by a unique collection of 45 personal recollections detailing the trials, tribulations, and successes of building a world-class organization in the field. It explains some of the challenges researchers faced and the gratification they experienced when a discovery was made. Several visionary researchers made pioneering advances that integrated these three technologies into a cohesive capability to solve complex scientific and engineering problems. What approaches worked, which ones did not, and the applications of the research are described. Notable applications include the turret explosion aboard the USS Iowa and the Shoemaker-Levy comet impact on Jupiter. The personal anecdotes and recollections make for a fascinating account of building a world-renowned capability from meager beginnings. This book will be inspiring to the expert, the non expert, and the early-career scientist. Undergraduate and graduate students in science and engineering who are contemplating different fields of study should find it especially compelling.
Author : Kenneth K. Kuo
Publisher : Begell House Publishers
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1114 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Combustion of Energetic Materials written by Kenneth K. Kuo and published by Begell House Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book contains state-of-the-art information associated with energetic material combustion. There are twelve topical areas, including: Reaction Kinetics of Energetic Materials (Solid, Liquid, and Gel Propellants); Recycling of Energetic Materials; Combustion Performance of Hybrid and Solid Rocket Motors; Ignition and Combustion of Energetic Materials; Energetic Material Defects and Rocket Engine Flowfields; Metal Combustion; Pyrolysis and Combustion Processes of New Ingredients and Applications; Theoretical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion Processes of Energetic Materials; Combustion Diagnostic Techniques; Propellant and Rocket Motor Stability; Commercial Applications of Energetic Materials (Airbags, Gas Generators, etc.); and Thermal Insulation and Ablation Processes.
