Violence And Abuse Issues

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Domestic Violence and Abuse

Author : Laura L. Finley
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440858845
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Domestic Violence and Abuse by : Laura L. Finley

Download or read book Domestic Violence and Abuse written by Laura L. Finley and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and timely resource for students, activists, educators, and advocates, Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Reference Handbook provides a rich and scholarly assessment of this important social issue while also including stories and profiles for a more personal understanding. Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Reference Handbook provides a thorough review of the most recent research about intimate partner violence. Additionally, a historical review provides readers with a sense of how views on domestic violence have changed over time and how different policies and practices have and have not been successful. Appropriate for readers at the high school level and above, the volume focuses on the scope, extent, and characteristics of domestic violence and offers several unique elements, including profiles of significant individuals, personal stories from advocates, activists and survivors, and a review of controversial issues. The volume also includes a chronology of key events, relevant data and documents, primary source data, and recommended resources.

Setting Up Community Health and Development Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings

Author : Ted Lankester
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198806655
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Setting Up Community Health and Development Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings by : Ted Lankester

Download or read book Setting Up Community Health and Development Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings written by Ted Lankester and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A majority of people living in rural areas and urban slums worldwide have minimal access to healthcare. Without information about what to give a child with stomach flu, how to relieve the pain of a broken bone, and how to work against increased substance abuse in a village, the whole community suffers. Children, adolescents, adults, and older people are all affected by the lack of what many of us view as basic healthcare, such as vaccination, pain killers, and contraceptives. To improve living conditions and life expectancy, the people in urban slums and rural areas need access to a trained health care worker, and a functioning clinic. Setting up Community Health and Development Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings illustrates how to start, develop, and maintain a health care programme in poor areas across the world. The focus is on the community, and how people can work together to improve health through sanitation, storage of food, fresh water, and more. Currently, there is a lack of 17 million trained health care workers worldwide. Bridging the gap between medical professionals and people in low income areas, the aim of this book is for a member of the community to receive training and become the health care worker in their village. They will then in turn spread information and set up groups working to improve health. The book also explains in detail how communities can work alongside experts to ensure that practices and processes work effectively to bring the greatest impact. Copiously illustrated and written in easy-to-read English, this practical guide is designed to be extremely user friendly. Ideal for academics, students, programme managers, and health care practitioners in low and middle income settings worldwide, it is an evidence based source full of examples from the field. Setting up Community Health and Development Programmes in Low and Middle Income Settings shows how a community can both identify and solve its own problems, and in that way own its future. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence.

Violence in Families

Author : Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309522692
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence in Families by : Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions

Download or read book Violence in Families written by Committee on the Assessment of Family Violence Interventions and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-02-27 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports of mistreated children, domestic violence, and abuse of elderly persons continue to strain the capacity of police, courts, social services agencies, and medical centers. At the same time, myriad treatment and prevention programs are providing services to victims and offenders. Although limited research knowledge exists regarding the effectiveness of these programs, such information is often scattered, inaccessible, and difficult to obtain. Violence in Families takes the first hard look at the successes and failures of family violence interventions. It offers recommendations to guide services, programs, policy, and research on victim support and assistance, treatments and penalties for offenders, and law enforcement. Included is an analysis of more than 100 evaluation studies on the outcomes of different kinds of programs and services. Violence in Families provides the most comprehensive review on the topic to date. It explores the scope and complexity of family violence, including identification of the multiple types of victims and offenders, who require different approaches to intervention. The book outlines new strategies that offer promising approaches for service providers and researchers and for improving the evaluation of prevention and treatment services. Violence in Families discusses issues that underlie all types of family violence, such as the tension between family support and the protection of children, risk factors that contribute to violent behavior in families, and the balance between family privacy and community interventions. The core of the book is a research-based review of interventions used in three institutional sectors--social services, health, and law enforcement settings--and how to measure their effectiveness in combating maltreatment of children, domestic violence, and abuse of the elderly. Among the questions explored by the committee: Does the child protective services system work? Does the threat of arrest deter batterers? The volume discusses the strength of the evidence and highlights emerging links among interventions in different institutional settings. Thorough, readable, and well organized, Violence in Families synthesizes what is known and outlines what needs to be discovered. This volume will be of great interest to policymakers, social services providers, health care professionals, police and court officials, victim advocates, researchers, and concerned individuals.

Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home

Author : Susan Sorenson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131776465X
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home by : Susan Sorenson

Download or read book Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home written by Susan Sorenson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence and abuse that occur behind closed doors are not just personal concerns or issues. Family violence is a major mental health, social service, health care, and criminal justice problem that society cannot continue to ignore. Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home gives you the facts of spouse/partner and child maltreatment, an analysis of the intervention and prevention techniques commonly used, and alternative approaches and theories for understanding and reducing instances of family abuse.The factors behind maltreatment are multiple and diverse. Because there are so many approaches to treating perpetrators and victims, choosing a treatment strategy can sometimes feel overwhelming. Use Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home to help you decide which treatment models will be most effective in particular situations. Don’t risk low success rates with your patients. This comprehensive guidebook can help you refine your treatment strategies, as you better your understanding of: mutual combat the ethical issues and legal mandates involved in reporting family maltreatment biological issues and aggression the causes of the physical maltreatment of children maltreatment of children with disabilities the debate surrounding “parent alienation syndrome” difficulties in diagnosing incest offenders the impact of child sexual maltreatment on the survivor’s sexuality and sexual functioning the repression, dissociation, and delayed recall of traumatic eventsViolence and Sexual Abuse at Home shows clinicians, researchers, advocates, and other professionals the importance of broadening their perspectives of all types of family maltreatment. Anyone working with people who abuse and/or with adults and children who are or have been abused should understand the developmental, social, psychological, cultural, and biological issues at play in violent home environments.

Violence and Abuse Issues

Author : Lee Ann Hoff
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134037848
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence and Abuse Issues by : Lee Ann Hoff

Download or read book Violence and Abuse Issues written by Lee Ann Hoff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-06-29 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health and social service providers are in pivotal positions to provide preventive and restorative services to those affected by violent and abusive behaviour. This comprehensive textbook presents theoretical background and practical strategies for doing so, providing a solid knowledge base for good practice in this area.

Intimate Partner Violence

Author : Sana Loue
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306465191
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Intimate Partner Violence by : Sana Loue

Download or read book Intimate Partner Violence written by Sana Loue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is clear that physical abuse is an integral component of some intimate relationships. This book addresses not the violence but our responses or lack of responses to that violation of personal integrity and the accompanying trauma. How partner violence is responded to, individually and collectively, may well determine whether the violence can be prevented or will cease once begun. This text is intended to serve as a basic resource for the student, clinician and researcher. It provides a summary of how we have responded to such violence in the past and presents potential future directions for research and prevention efforts.

Family Abuse and Violence

Author : JoAnn L. Miller
Publisher : Altamira Press
ISBN 13 : 9780759108011
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Abuse and Violence by : JoAnn L. Miller

Download or read book Family Abuse and Violence written by JoAnn L. Miller and published by Altamira Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of all areas of family violence. Includes special topics such as gay and lesbian abuse, ritualistic abuse, and victim's abuse. The only text to cover stalking of women and sexual violence in the workplace. Pedagogy includes learning objectives, in-chapter exercises, end-of-chapter problems, case studies, and vignettes. New current topics include unchausen Syndrome by Proxy, the au pair murder trial, parricide, and false memory syndrome.

Children Exposed to Domestic Violence

Author : Peter Jaffe
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317789490
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Children Exposed to Domestic Violence by : Peter Jaffe

Download or read book Children Exposed to Domestic Violence written by Peter Jaffe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover research from across the United States and around the world on children exposed to domestic violence! If you are a member of a helping, medical, or legal profession, Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Current Issues in Research, Intervention, Prevention, and Policy Development will help you explore research, assessments, interventions, and policy and prevention for children, victims of battering, batterers, and their families. This important book focuses on various aspects of spousal/partner abuse and child maltreatment. Comprehensive and thorough, Children Exposed to Domestic Violence focuses on three major sections: theoretical and research issues, intervention and prevention strategies, and policy development from an international perspective. Some of the important issues you will examine include: exploring the importance of partnerships between the domestic violence front-line workers and researchers at universities addressing the thorny issues of parenting in abused women assessing all areas of children's adjustment as well as their various relationships that may be problematic investigating the results of a quarter century research on men who batter by focusing on the crucial link between exposure to violence in childhood and adult marital behavior understanding the role of physiological and environmental factors as central to the role in domestic violence exploring the challenges faced by shelter staff in providing services to children who accompany their mother to find refuge examining new ideas for primary prevention programs in schools understanding policy and legislative implications of the growing body of literature on the impact of exposure to violence on children Children Exposed to Domestic Violence exemplifies the serious challenges faced by social workers, educators, policymakers, psychologists and others in helping professions working with children who have been exposed to domestic violence. You will gain insight into the vast amount of research that has taken place in the last ten years on this problem that will assist you with creating research ideas, interventions, prevention programs, and policies concerning children exposed to domestic violence.

No Visible Bruises

Author : Rachel Louise Snyder
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1635570999
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis No Visible Bruises by : Rachel Louise Snyder

Download or read book No Visible Bruises written by Rachel Louise Snyder and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE HILLMAN PRIZE FOR BOOK JOURNALISM, THE HELEN BERNSTEIN BOOK AWARD, AND THE LUKAS WORK-IN-PROGRESS AWARD * A NEW YORK TIMES TOP 10 BOOKS OF THE YEAR * NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FINALIST * LOS ANGELES TIMES BOOK PRIZE FINALIST * ABA SILVER GAVEL AWARD FINALIST * KIRKUS PRIZE FINALIST NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF 2019 BY: Esquire, Amazon, Kirkus, Library Journal, Publishers Weekly, BookPage, BookRiot, Economist, New York Times Staff Critics “A seminal and breathtaking account of why home is the most dangerous place to be a woman . . . A tour de force.” -Eve Ensler "Terrifying, courageous reportage from our internal war zone." -Andrew Solomon "Extraordinary." -New York Times ,“Editors' Choice” “Gut-wrenching, required reading.” -Esquire "Compulsively readable . . . It will save lives." -Washington Post “Essential, devastating reading.” -Cheryl Strayed, New York Times Book Review An award-winning journalist's intimate investigation of the true scope of domestic violence, revealing how the roots of America's most pressing social crises are buried in abuse that happens behind closed doors. We call it domestic violence. We call it private violence. Sometimes we call it intimate terrorism. But whatever we call it, we generally do not believe it has anything at all to do with us, despite the World Health Organization deeming it a “global epidemic.” In America, domestic violence accounts for 15 percent of all violent crime, and yet it remains locked in silence, even as its tendrils reach unseen into so many of our most pressing national issues, from our economy to our education system, from mass shootings to mass incarceration to #MeToo. We still have not taken the true measure of this problem. In No Visible Bruises, journalist Rachel Louise Snyder gives context for what we don't know we're seeing. She frames this urgent and immersive account of the scale of domestic violence in our country around key stories that explode the common myths-that if things were bad enough, victims would just leave; that a violent person cannot become nonviolent; that shelter is an adequate response; and most insidiously that violence inside the home is a private matter, sealed from the public sphere and disconnected from other forms of violence. Through the stories of victims, perpetrators, law enforcement, and reform movements from across the country, Snyder explores the real roots of private violence, its far-reaching consequences for society, and what it will take to truly address it.

Violence in the Home

Author : Karel Kurst-Swanger
Publisher : Psychology
ISBN 13 : 9780195151145
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Violence in the Home by : Karel Kurst-Swanger

Download or read book Violence in the Home written by Karel Kurst-Swanger and published by Psychology. This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence in the home is one of the most damaging and widespread of social problems. This book reviews the most current theoretical explanations of family violence and then links theory to practice.

Confronting Chronic Neglect

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309074312
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Chronic Neglect by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Confronting Chronic Neglect written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-05-04 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As many as 20 to 25 percent of American adultsâ€"or one in every four peopleâ€"have been victimized by, witnesses of, or perpetrators of family violence in their lifetimes. Family violence affects more people than cancer, yet it's an issue that receives far less attention. Surprisingly, many assume that health professionals are deliberately turning a blind eye to this traumatic social problem. The fact is, very little is being done to educate health professionals about family violence. Health professionals are often the first to encounter victims of abuse and neglect, and therefore they play a critical role in ensuring that victimsâ€"as well as perpetratorsâ€"get the help they need. Yet, despite their critical role, studies continue to describe a lack of education for health professionals about how to identify and treat family violence. And those that have been trained often say that, despite their education, they feel ill-equipped or lack support from by their employers to deal with a family violence victim, sometimes resulting in a failure to screen for abuse during a clinical encounter. Equally problematic, the few curricula in existence often lack systematic and rigorous evaluation. This makes it difficult to say whether or not the existing curricula even works. Confronting Chronic Neglect offers recommendations, such as creating education and research centers, that would help raise awareness of the problem on all levels. In addition, it recommends ways to involve health care professionals in taking some responsibility for responding to this difficult and devastating issue. Perhaps even more importantly, Confronting Chronic Neglect encourages society as a whole to share responsibility. Health professionals alone cannot solve this complex problem. Responding to victims of family violence and ultimately preventing its occurrence is a societal responsibility

Domestic Violence

Author : Randal W. Summers
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Domestic Violence by : Randal W. Summers

Download or read book Domestic Violence written by Randal W. Summers and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2002 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents overviews of domestic violence in thirteen countries around the world, including Australia, Jamaica, Japan, Russia, and the U.S., describing perceptions of domestic violence in each country as well as contributing factors and responses to the problem.

Victims as Offenders

Author : Susan Miller
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813537762
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Victims as Offenders by : Susan Miller

Download or read book Victims as Offenders written by Susan Miller and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arrests of women for assault increased more than 40 percent over the past decade, while male arrests for this offense have fallen by about one percent. Some studies report that for the first time ever the rate of reported intimate partner abuse among men and women is nearly equal. Susan L. Miller’s timely book explores the important questions raised by these startling statistics. Are women finally closing the gender gap on violence? Or does this phenomenon reflect a backlash shaped by men who batter? How do abusive men use the criminal justice system to increase control over their wives? Do police, courts, and treatment providers support aggressive arrest policies for women? Are these women “victims” or “offenders”? In answering these questions, Miller draws on extensive data from a study of police behavior in the field, interviews with criminal justice professionals and social service providers, and participant observation of female offender programs. She offers a critical analysis of the theoretical assumptions framing the study of violence and provides insight into the often contradictory implications of the mandatory and pro-arrest policies enacted in the 1980s and 1990s. Miller argues that these enforcement strategies, designed to protect women, have often victimized women in different ways. Without sensationalizing, Miller unveils a reality that looks very different from what current statistics on domestic violence imply.

The Physician's Guide to Domestic Violence

Author : Patricia R. Salber
Publisher : Volcano Press
ISBN 13 : 9781884244049
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis The Physician's Guide to Domestic Violence by : Patricia R. Salber

Download or read book The Physician's Guide to Domestic Violence written by Patricia R. Salber and published by Volcano Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the prevalence of battered women in the medical setting, many physicians fail to correctly identify and refer abused patients. The introductory chapter of this book discusses definitions of domestic violence, issues of power and control, the prevalence of the problem, the effect of domestic violence on the medical system, and reasons why physicians fail to identify abuse. The profile of domestic violence victims is discussed in terms of gender, ethnic and socioeconomic status, age, marital status, personality traits, sexual orientation, pregnancy, disabilities, immigration status, use of alcohol and drugs, family history, relationship variables, and abuse of children. Issues pertaining to abusers discussed here include substance abuse, critical risk factors, dominance of men over women, and secrecy and denial. Recognition of domestic violence can be improved through patient history and demeanor, companion's behavior, direct questioning, routine screening, and physical examination. When abuse is detected, the physician has many avenues for action: referrals to services and shelters, documentation, treatment, counseling, legal services, and follow-up care. Specific legal issues may include mandatory reporting, duty to warn, liability for reporting, and legal options for the patient. The book discusses how the medical community can prepare itself for an optimal response to domestic violence.

Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse

Author : Catherine Itzin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136904042
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse by : Catherine Itzin

Download or read book Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse written by Catherine Itzin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic violence, childhood sexual abuse, rape and sexual assault, and sexual exploitation through prostitution, pornography and trafficking can have many significant adverse impacts on a survivor’s health and wellbeing, in the short, medium and long-term. Taking a life-course approach, the book explores what is known about appropriate treatment responses to those who have experienced, and those who perpetrate, domestic and sexual violence and abuse. The book also examines key factors that are important in understanding how and why different groups experience heightened risks of domestic and sexual violence and abuse, namely: gender and sexuality; race and culture; disability; and abuse by professionals. Drawing together results from specially commissioned research, the views of experts by experience, experts by profession and the published research literature, the book argues that sufficient is already known to delineate an appropriate public health framework, encompassing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, to successfully tackle the important public health issue represented by domestic and sexual violence and abuse. Domestic and Sexual Violence and Abuse equips health and social care professionals and services to identify and respond to the needs of affected individuals with a view to the prevention and early intervention.

The Dark Side of Families

Author : David Finkelhor
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9780803919358
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dark Side of Families by : David Finkelhor

Download or read book The Dark Side of Families written by David Finkelhor and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1983-03 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of articles portrays the state of the art on family violence and abuse research, crystallizes the key interdisciplinary issues confronting family violence and abuse researchers, and suggests a research agenda for the coming years. Although the chapters cover a broad spectrum of issues and controversies in the areas of wife abuse, child abuse, the sexual abuse of children, and marital rape, a number of common themes and issues emerge. First, many chapters share the perspective that violence and abuse emerge from the nature of social arrangements. Second, even though many different forms of family violence and abuse are discussed, several chapters explore their commonalities and important etiological differences. A number of articles examine the common effects of victimization across various forms of family violence and abuse. A third common theme of the papers is an expansion of research efforts to groups other than victims of family violence and abuse, as there are chapters that examine the individual and social characteristics of male perpetrators of both wife abuse and child abuse as well as chapters that focus on the attitudes and behaviors of professional groups concerned with the treatment of victims of family violence and abuse. The volume shows great methodological diversity and attention to theoretical detail; the research presented reveals the possibility of a more comprehensive social science approach to the study of family violence and abuse. In work related to theory building, one chapter explains a number of findings in the child abuse and neglect literature using propositions derived from evolutionary biology; another paper distills propositions from several theoretical traditions. In conjunction with these efforts, several chapters report research designed to test competing propositions. Chapter references and research data are provided.

Preventing Violence Against Women and Children

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309211549
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Violence Against Women and Children by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Preventing Violence Against Women and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-12 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence against women and children is a serious public health concern, with costs at multiple levels of society. Although violence is a threat to everyone, women and children are particularly susceptible to victimization because they often have fewer rights or lack appropriate means of protection. In some societies certain types of violence are deemed socially or legally acceptable, thereby contributing further to the risk to women and children. In the past decade research has documented the growing magnitude of such violence, but gaps in the data still remain. Victims of violence of any type fear stigmatization or societal condemnation and thus often hesitate to report crimes. The issue is compounded by the fact that for women and children the perpetrators are often people they know and because some countries lack laws or regulations protecting victims. Some of the data that have been collected suggest that rates of violence against women range from 15 to 71 percent in some countries and that rates of violence against children top 80 percent. These data demonstrate that violence poses a high burden on global health and that violence against women and children is common and universal. Preventing Violence Against Women and Children focuses on these elements of the cycle as they relate to interrupting this transmission of violence. Intervention strategies include preventing violence before it starts as well as preventing recurrence, preventing adverse effects (such as trauma or the consequences of trauma), and preventing the spread of violence to the next generation or social level. Successful strategies consider the context of the violence, such as family, school, community, national, or regional settings, in order to determine the best programs.