Vertical Air Motion And Phase Partitioning In Convective Clouds

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Vertical Air Motion and Phase Partitioning in Convective Clouds

Author : Jing Yang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780438434424
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Vertical Air Motion and Phase Partitioning in Convective Clouds by : Jing Yang

Download or read book Vertical Air Motion and Phase Partitioning in Convective Clouds written by Jing Yang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Convective clouds are important to global energy balance and water cycle because they dynamically couple the planetary boundary layer to the free troposphere through vertical transport of heat, moisture, and mass. Vertical air motion and ice generation control the life cycle and precipitation efficiency in convective clouds, however, they are still not well understood. This study aims to improve our understandings of vertical air motion and phase partitioning in convective clouds using aircraft measurements and model simulations, and to evaluate and improve parameterizations of ice generation in numerical models. There are two main parts in this study, in the first part, the vertical velocity and air mass flux in isolated convective clouds are statistically analyzed using airborne measurements from three field campaigns: High-Plains Cumulus (HiCu) conducted over the mid-latitude High Plains, COnvective Precipitation Experiment (COPE) conducted in a mid-latitude coastal area, and Ice in Clouds Experiment-Tropical (ICE-T) conducted over a tropical ocean. The results show small-scale updrafts and downdrafts ( 500 m in diameter) are frequently observed in the three field campaigns, and they make important contributions to the total air mass flux. The probability density functions (PDFs) of vertical velocity and air mass flux are exponentially distributed, and the updrafts generally strengthen with height. Relatively strong updrafts ( 20 m s−1) were observed in COPE and ICE-T, and the observed downdrafts are stronger in HiCu and COPE than in ICE-T. In the second part, the particle size distributions (PSDs) and liquid-ice partitioning in tropical maritime convective clouds are studied using observations from ICE-T and numerical models. The airborne measurements show the liquid fraction between 0 C and -15 C decreases by a factor of about 3 in developing convective clouds, and a factor of 2 in mature clouds. In dissipating clouds, ice dominates in all temperature ranges. The airborne observations are used to evaluate the simulations using a parcel model and WRF with spectral bin microphysics (SBM). The results show there are two main differences between the modelled and observed results: 1) The modelled ice concentrations are significantly underestimated. Based on previous laboratory experiments and constraints from aircraft measurements, drop freezing-splinter (FS) and droplet collisional freezing (CF) mechanisms are parameterized and tested using a parcel model and WRF. With FS and CF implemented, the modelled PSDs and liquid-ice mass partitioning are more consistent with aircraft observations, suggesting FS and CF mechanisms are potentially important to the ice production in convective clouds. 2) The modelled ice PSDs in strong updrafts between -7 °C and -10 °C are much broader than the observation. To interpret this difference, the freezing times of supercooled drops are calculated. The results indicate drop freezing is not instantaneous, and it is longer for large drops than for small drops. This offers a feasible explanation for the temperature-dependent ice size evolution in strong updrafts.

Convective Clouds as Tracers of Air Motion

Author : Lester F. Hubert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Convective Clouds as Tracers of Air Motion by : Lester F. Hubert

Download or read book Convective Clouds as Tracers of Air Motion written by Lester F. Hubert and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Cloud-Resolving Modeling of Convective Processes

Author : Xiaofan Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319263609
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Cloud-Resolving Modeling of Convective Processes by : Xiaofan Li

Download or read book Cloud-Resolving Modeling of Convective Processes written by Xiaofan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an updated and revised second edition of the book presenting new developments in the field of cloud-resolving modeling. The first edition of the book introduces the framework of cloud-resolving model, methodologies for analysis of modeling outputs, and validation of simulations with observations. It details important scientific findings in the aspects of surface rainfall processes, precipitation efficiency, dynamic and thermodynamic processes associated with tropical convection, diurnal variations, radiative and cloud microphysical processes associated with development of cloud clusters, air-sea coupling on convective scales, climate equilibrium states, and remote sensing applications. In additional to the content from the first edition of the book, the second edition of the book contains the new scientific results in the development of convective-stratiform rainfall separation scheme, the analysis of structures of precipitation systems, the thermal effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall, precipitation predictability, and modeling depositional growth of ice crystal. The book will be beneficial both to graduate students and to researchers who do cloud, mesoscale and global modeling.

Convective Clouds as Tracers of Air Motion

Author : Lester F. Hubert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Convective Clouds as Tracers of Air Motion by : Lester F. Hubert

Download or read book Convective Clouds as Tracers of Air Motion written by Lester F. Hubert and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mixed-Phase Clouds

Author : Constantin Andronache
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012810550X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Mixed-Phase Clouds by : Constantin Andronache

Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling

Hurricanes and Climate Change

Author : James B. Elsner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387094105
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Hurricanes and Climate Change by : James B. Elsner

Download or read book Hurricanes and Climate Change written by James B. Elsner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies suggest that tropical cyclones are more powerful than in the past with the most dramatic increase in the North Atlantic. The increase is correlated with an increase in ocean temperature. A debate concerns the nature of these increases with some scientists attributing them to a natural climate fluctuation and others suggesting climate change related to anthropogenic increases in forcing from greenhouse gases. A Summit on Hurricanes and Climate Change was held during the spring of 2007 on the island of Crete that brought together leading academics and researchers on both sides of the scientific debate to discuss new research and express opinions about what will happen in the future with regard to hurricane activity. This proceedings volume highlights the state-of-the-science research into various aspects of the hurricane-climate connection. It is likely that the science presented here will lead to new research that will help answer crucial questions about our sustainable future.

Introduction to Dual Polarization Weather Radar

Author : V. Chandrasekar
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009234285
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Dual Polarization Weather Radar by : V. Chandrasekar

Download or read book Introduction to Dual Polarization Weather Radar written by V. Chandrasekar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-17 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary and easy-to-understand introduction to the subject, covering fundamental theory and practical applications, and using numerous operational examples. This balanced text will allow you to begin from what the radar observes and move deeper through electromagnetic scattering theory and cloud microphysics to understand and interpret data as it appears on the display. It uses illustrations and figures of real radar observations to convey concepts and theory of atmospheric processes typically observed with weather radar, as well presenting a working knowledge of the radar system itself. In addition to covering fundamentals of scattering and atmospheric physics, topics include system hardware, signal processing, and radar networks. This is the perfect tool for scientists and engineers working on weather radars or using radars and their data, as well as senior undergraduate and graduate students studying weather radars.

Physical Processes in Clouds and Cloud Modeling

Author : Alexander P. Khain
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521767431
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (217 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Processes in Clouds and Cloud Modeling by : Alexander P. Khain

Download or read book Physical Processes in Clouds and Cloud Modeling written by Alexander P. Khain and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive analysis of modern theories of cloud microphysical processes and their representation in numerical cloud models.

Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models

Author : Yangang Liu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119528992
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models by : Yangang Liu

Download or read book Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models written by Yangang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-27 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Aviation Weather for Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel

Author : United States. Federal Aviation Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Aviation Weather for Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel by : United States. Federal Aviation Administration

Download or read book Aviation Weather for Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel written by United States. Federal Aviation Administration and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proceedings

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings by :

Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Severe Convective Storms

Author : Charles Doswell
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1935704060
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Severe Convective Storms by : Charles Doswell

Download or read book Severe Convective Storms written by Charles Doswell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly illustrated book is a collection of 13 review papers focusing on convective storms and the weather they produce. It discusses severe convective storms, mesoscale processes, tornadoes and tornadic storms, severe local storms, flash flood forecast and the electrification of severe storms.

The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models

Author : Kerry Emanuel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1935704133
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models by : Kerry Emanuel

Download or read book The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models written by Kerry Emanuel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents descriptions of numerical models for testing cumulus in cloud fields. It is divided into six parts. Part I provides an overview of the problem, including descriptions of cumulus clouds and the effects of ensembles of cumulus clouds on mass, momentum, and vorticity distributions. A review of closure assumptions is also provided. A review of "classical" convection schemes in widespread use is provided in Part II. The special problems associated with the representation of convection in mesoscale models are discussed in Part III, along with descriptions of some of the commonly used mesoscale schemes. Part IV covers some of the problems associated with the representation of convection in climate models, while the parameterization of slantwise convection is the subject of Part V.

Programs-Projections

Author : National Hurricane Research Laboratory
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Programs-Projections by : National Hurricane Research Laboratory

Download or read book Programs-Projections written by National Hurricane Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Understanding Rapid Changes in Phase Partitioning Between Cloud Liquid and Ice in Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Rapid Changes in Phase Partitioning Between Cloud Liquid and Ice in Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds by :

Download or read book Understanding Rapid Changes in Phase Partitioning Between Cloud Liquid and Ice in Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding phase transitions in mixed-phase clouds is of great importance because the hydrometeor phase controls the lifetime and radiative effects of clouds. These cloud radiative effects have a crucial impact on the surface energy budget and thus on the evolution of the ice cover, in high altitudes. For a springtime low-level mixed-phase stratiform cloud case from Barrow, Alaska, a unique combination of instruments and retrieval methods is combined with multiple modeling perspectives to determine key processes that control cloud phase partitioning. The interplay of local cloud-scale versus large-scale processes is considered. Rapid changes in phase partitioning were found to be caused by several main factors. Some major influences were the large-scale advection of different air masses with different aerosol concentrations and humidity content, cloud-scale processes such as a change in the thermodynamical coupling state, and local-scale dynamics influencing the residence time of ice particles. Other factors such as radiative shielding by a cirrus and the influence of the solar cycle were found to only play a minor role for the specific case study (11-12 March 2013). Furthermore, for an even better understanding of cloud phase transitions, observations of key aerosol parameters such as profiles of cloud condensation nucleus and ice nucleus concentration are desirable.

Cloud Dynamics

Author : Robert A. Houze Jr.
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080502105
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Cloud Dynamics by : Robert A. Houze Jr.

Download or read book Cloud Dynamics written by Robert A. Houze Jr. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-06-28 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds play a critical role in the Earth's climate, general atmospheric circulation, and global water balance. Clouds are essential elements in mesoscale meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, air pollution, atmosphericradiation, and weather forecasting, and thus must be understood by any student or researcher in the atmospheric sciences.Cloud Dynamics provides a skillful and comprehensive examination of the nature of clouds--what they look like and why, how scientists observe them, and the basic dynamics and physics that underlie them. The book describes the mechanics governing each type of cloud that occurs in Earth's atmosphere, and the organization of various types of clouds in larger weather systems such as fronts, thunderstorms, and hurricanes.This book is aimed specifically at graduate students, advanced undergraduates, practicing researchers either already in atmospheric science or moving in from a related scientific field, and operational meteorologists. Some prior knowledge of atmospheric dynamics and physics is helpful, but a thorough overview of the necessary prerequisites is supplied. - Provides a complete treatment of clouds integrating the analysis of air motions with cloud structure, microphysics, and precipitation mechanics - Describes and explains the basic types of clouds and cloud systems that occur in the atmosphere-fog, stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, cirrus, thunderstorms, tornadoes, waterspouts, orographically induced clouds, mesoscale convection complexes, hurricanes, fronts, and extratropical cyclones - Presents a photographic guide, presented in the first chapter, linking the examination of each type of cloud with an image to enhance visual retention and understanding - Summarizes the fundamentals, both observational and theoretical, of atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, and radar meteorology, allowing each type of cloud to be examined in depth - Integrates the latest field observations, numerical model simulations, and theory - Supplies a theoretical treatment suitable for the advanced undergraduate or graduate level