Versailles And The Ruhr Seedbed Of World War Ii

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Versailles and the Ruhr: Seedbed of World War II

Author : Royal J. Schmidt
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9401510814
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Versailles and the Ruhr: Seedbed of World War II by : Royal J. Schmidt

Download or read book Versailles and the Ruhr: Seedbed of World War II written by Royal J. Schmidt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the atmosphere of the time, given the passions aroused in all democracies by years of war, it would have been impossible even for supermen to devise a peace of moderation and righteousness .•..• human error is a permanent and not a periodic factor in history. Harold Nicolson, writing in I933 of the Treaty of Versailles 1 Although the period of history from 1918 to 1925 has been the subject of considerable analysis and interpretation by historians, journalists, and students of international politics, there are certain aspects of this postwar era which are greatly in need of further study and evaluation. The occupation of the Ruhr area of Germany by French and Belgian troops in 1923 is one of these. While it is not the intention of the present writer to deal definitively or exhaustively with all possible sources, either for the era in general or for the Ruhr episode itself, he does seek to note and compare some influential French, British, German, and American attitudes.

German Disarmament After World War I

Author : Richard J. Shuster
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134246153
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis German Disarmament After World War I by : Richard J. Shuster

Download or read book German Disarmament After World War I written by Richard J. Shuster and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German Disarmament After World War I examines the Allied disarmament of Germany and the challenges that such an enormous task presented to international efforts in enforcing the Treaty of Versailles. In the twenty-first century, disarmament remains a critical issue for the International community. This new book focuses on three key areas and lessons of Allied disarmament operations from 1920-31: the role and experience of international arms inspectors working amidst an embittered German populace the ramifications of the divergent disarmament priorities of the leaders of the disarmament coalition the effectiveness of united Allied policies backed by sanctions. These major issues are examined within the overall context of the assessment of Allied disarmament operations in Germany. While some historians perceive German disarmament as a failure, this book argues that arms inspectors successfully destroyed Germany’s ability to pose a military threat to European security. This new study shows how the destructive legacy of war convinced the victorious nations, especially Britain and France, of the importance in minimizing German military strength. French post-war security concerns, however, were often faced with the unwillingness of Britain to enforce the totality of the military articles of the treaty. German obstruction also influenced Allied disarmament policies. German Disarmament After World War I examines the initial effectiveness of Allied disarmament efforts in Germany and explains how they ultimately disappeared through diverging conceptions of a post-war world. This book will be of great interest to all students of disarmament, the interwar period and of military history, modern European history and security studies.

The Treaty of Versailles

Author : Manfred F. Boemeke
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521621328
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis The Treaty of Versailles by : Manfred F. Boemeke

Download or read book The Treaty of Versailles written by Manfred F. Boemeke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-09-13 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text scrutinizes the motives, actions, and constraints that informed decision making by the various politicians who bore the principal responsibility for drafting the Treaty of Versailles.

Locarno Diplomacy

Author : Jon Jacobson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400869617
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Locarno Diplomacy by : Jon Jacobson

Download or read book Locarno Diplomacy written by Jon Jacobson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Locarno Conference of 1925 and the five treaties concluded there have been seen as the turning point of the interwar years, i.e., Germany's acceptance of the 1919 peace settlement and the beginning of a new era of peace. Studying the documentary evidence, much of it available only recently, Jon Jacobson explores the personalities and politics of Locarno and offers a historical interpretation and synthesis of a critical decade in European diplomacy. Originally published in 1972. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Crowe Memorandum

Author : Jeffrey Stephen Dunn
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1443851132
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis The Crowe Memorandum by : Jeffrey Stephen Dunn

Download or read book The Crowe Memorandum written by Jeffrey Stephen Dunn and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2013-07-29 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we approach the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of the First World War, students of history will revisit the causes, conduct and aftermath of the war. In each of these, Sir Eyre Crowe played a very significant role. Yet, outside academic and diplomatic circles, his name is little known. An “outsider” in the Foreign Office, he neither attended an English public school nor university. He was born and educated in Germany. Yet he rose because of his unique expertise to be the Permanent Under-Secretary from 1920 until his death in 1925, during which time he worked, not always amicably, with prime ministers and foreign secretaries such as Lloyd George, Curzon, Ramsay Macdonald and Austen Chamberlain. On his death, Stanley Baldwin called him “our ablest public servant.” Eyre Crowe was a participant in events that led to the 1914–1918 war, was one of the main organisers of the blockade of Germany, helped to end the Ruhr crisis of 1923–24, and played a major role in the acceptance of the Dawes Plan at the 1924 London Conference. Shortly before he died, he persuaded a sceptical Cabinet to accept a policy that culminated in the Locarno Pact. Yet, Crowe played a strange role at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. Britain’s most knowledgeable expert on Germany, he was marginalised by Lloyd George prior to the signing of the Versailles Treaty, but then played a leading part as Ambassador Plenipotentiary. Crowe’s Memorandum of 1907 had a profound influence upon Foreign Office perceptions of Germany for more than forty years. The “Crowe line” on Germany was opposed by Neville Chamberlain and the British Ambassador in Berlin, Neville Henderson, prior to the Second World War. Crowe had believed that Germany was a great nation, but that Britain had made too many concessions to its government when it needed to stand firm. Foreign Office diplomats were even seen waving copies of the memorandum (by then a published document) in the faces of journalists from the pro-appeasement Times newspaper. This book focuses mainly on the 1907 Memorandum and Crowe’s career after the war, but it provides many insights into the characters, talents and failings of a number of players in this extraordinary period of history.

The Versailles Settlement

Author : Alan Sharp
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350307203
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Versailles Settlement by : Alan Sharp

Download or read book The Versailles Settlement written by Alan Sharp and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this acclaimed textbook on peace-making after the First World War advances that the responsibility for the outbreak of a new, even more ruinous, war in 1939 cannot be ascribed entirely to the planet's most powerful men and their meeting in Paris in January 1919 to reassemble a shattered world. Giving a concise overview of the problems and pressures these key figures were facing, Alan Sharp provides a coherent introduction to a highly complex and multi-dimensional topic. This is an ideal resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking modules on the Versailles Settlement, European and International History, Modern History, Interwar Europe, The Great War, 20th Century Europe, German History, or Diplomatic History, on either history courses or international relations/politics courses.

Bibliography of European Economic and Social History

Author : Derek Howard Aldcroft
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780719034923
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Bibliography of European Economic and Social History by : Derek Howard Aldcroft

Download or read book Bibliography of European Economic and Social History written by Derek Howard Aldcroft and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This bibliographical guide contains 10,000 references to the economic and social history of 30 European countries during the period 1700-1939. More than 3000 periodicals have been consulted to obtain references, as well as books, edited collections and conference proceedings. The information is listed in categories such as industry, agriculture, finance, migration, labour conditions, urban communities and organizations. Full publication details are included, so that references may be located easily.

The Realism Reader

Author : Colin Elman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317937139
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis The Realism Reader by : Colin Elman

Download or read book The Realism Reader written by Colin Elman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Realism Reader provides broad coverage of a centrally important tradition in the study of foreign policy and international politics. After some years in the doldrums, political realism is again in contention as a leading tradition in the international relations sub-field. Divided into three main sections, the book covers seven different and distinctive approaches within the realist tradition: classical realism, balance of power theory, neorealism, defensive structural realism, offensive structural realism, rise and fall realism, and neoclassical realism. The middle section of the volume covers realism’s engagement with critiques levelled by liberalism, institutionalism, and constructivism and the English School. The final section of the book provides materials on realism’s engagement with some contemporary issues in international politics, with collections on United States (U.S.) hegemony, European cooperation, and whether future threats will arise from non-state actors or the rise of competing great powers. The book offers a logically coherent and manageable framework for organizing the realist canon, and provides exemplary literature in each of the traditions and dialogues which are included in the volume. Offering substantial commentary and analysis and including enhanced pedagogy to facilitate student learning, The Realism Reader will provide a 'one-stop-shop' for undergraduates and masters students taking a course in contemporary international relations theory, with a particular focus on realism.

Road to War: the Quest for a New World Order

Author : Dr. Clifton Wilcox
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1499065698
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Road to War: the Quest for a New World Order by : Dr. Clifton Wilcox

Download or read book Road to War: the Quest for a New World Order written by Dr. Clifton Wilcox and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every event has a beginning, middle, and end. The Road to War begins with the Treaty of Versailles. It is here where the seeds of instability in Europe are sown. While the 1930s bore witness to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the beginning of World War II, the 1920s were a unique and influential decade during which peace; order and stability were contested and constructed. World War I irrevocably altered the map of Europe and adversely affected each nation involved. The defeat of Germany left Europe in a state of chaos and the Allies, Britain and France, in the position of designing a lasting peace settlement. While the peacemakers were united in their desire to create a lasting peace, distrust and mutual suspicion began to take shape as they gathered in Versailles to decide the fate of Europe.

World War II in Europe

Author : David T. Zabecki
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113581242X
Total Pages : 1989 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis World War II in Europe by : David T. Zabecki

Download or read book World War II in Europe written by David T. Zabecki and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 1989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World War II defined the 20th century and shaped many events, from the decolonization of Africa to the rise and fall of the Berlin Wall. This encyclopedia offers a focused overview of this complex and volatile era, the circumstances that led up to war, the underlying causes, its unfolding and consequences. Organized for quick and precise access More than 1300 entries by 150 experts are arranged in six sections for easy reference and consultation. All the key ideas, events, actions, weapons, individuals, and organizations that played vital roles in the war are covered, from the Axis Pact to the Arab League, from the OSS to the Africa Korps, from the Chetniks to the Jedburghs, from the battle of Kursk to Operation Mincemeat, from Bill Donovan to Otto Skorzeny, from Gestapo to SMERSH, from Georgi Zhukov to Jean Leclerc, from the 88 gun to the Norden Bombsight. Covers important neglected subjects The Encyclopedia puts special emphasis on the often-neglected operations in Eastern Europe and Russia. A key section inspects and rates all the major weapons, with handy tables for easy comparison. And in recognition of the first large-scale participation of women in the war, the volume thoroughly documents their individual and unit contributions to the Allied effort. Finally, the encyclopedia discusses battlefield realties that explain, for example, why the airborne drops at Normandy succeeded and the ones at Arnheim failed. A bibliography, glossary, maps, photographs, and weapons and data tables enhance the coverage. Also includes 16 maps.

Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic

Author : David Felix
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421435527
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic by : David Felix

Download or read book Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic written by David Felix and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-12-01 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1971. Walther Rathenau and the Weimar Republic examines reparations in Germany following the First World War. Financial reparation was the most difficult and dangerous of the conditions imposed upon Germany by the Versailles Treaty. The amount of reparations - three times the country's annual income - was beyond Germany's capacity to pay. The United States, by insisting on the payment of Allied war debts, forced the Allies in turn to insist on reparations. Postwar polemics concentrated on German aggression and war crimes, but the real issue was the damage done to the world's economic mechanism. In the end all nations suffered, including the United States.

Theories of War and Peace

Author : Michael E. Brown
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262522526
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Theories of War and Peace by : Michael E. Brown

Download or read book Theories of War and Peace written by Michael E. Brown and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998-09-15 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New approaches to understanding war and peace in the changing international system. What causes war? How can wars be prevented? Scholars and policymakers have sought the answers to these questions for centuries. Although wars continue to occur, recent scholarship has made progress toward developing more sophisticated and perhaps more useful theories on the causes and prevention of war. This volume includes essays by leading scholars on contemporary approaches to understanding war and peace. The essays include expositions, analyses, and critiques of some of the more prominent and enduring explanations of war. Several authors discuss realist theories of war, which focus on the distribution of power and the potential for offensive war. Others examine the prominent hypothesis that the spread of democracy will usher in an era of peace. In light of the apparent increase in nationalism and ethnic conflict, several authors present hypotheses on how nationalism causes war and how such wars can be controlled. Contributors also engage in a vigorous debate on whether international institutions can promote peace. In a section on war and peace in the changing international system, several authors consider whether rising levels of international economic independence and environmental scarcity will influence the likelihood of war.

Perils of Anarchy

Author : Michael E. Brown
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262522021
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Perils of Anarchy by : Michael E. Brown

Download or read book Perils of Anarchy written by Michael E. Brown and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995-03-27 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current debates about the nature of international politics have centered on the clash between supporters and critics of realism. The Perils of Anarchy brings together a number of recent essays written in the realist tradition. It includes realist interpretations of the collapse of the Cold War order and of the emerging order that has replaced it, the sources of alignment and aggression, and the causes of peace. A final section provides a counterpoint by raising criticisms of and alternatives to the realist approach. Contributors Charles L. Glaser, Christopher Layne, Peter Liberman, Lisa L. Martin, John J. Mearsheimer, Paul Schroeder, Randall Schweller, Stephen M. Walt, Kenneth N. Waltz, William C. Wohlforth, Fareed Zakaria. An International Security Reader

The American Army in Germany, 1918–1923

Author : Dean A. Nowowiejski
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700632743
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The American Army in Germany, 1918–1923 by : Dean A. Nowowiejski

Download or read book The American Army in Germany, 1918–1923 written by Dean A. Nowowiejski and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Army in Germany, 1918–1923: Success against the Odds by Dean A. Nowowiejski fills a gap in American military and political history through thorough research and a compelling narrative of the Rhineland occupation. After the armistice ended the fighting on the Western Front in World War I, the US Third Army marched into the American occupation zone around the city of Koblenz, Germany, in December 1918. American forces remained there as part of an “inter-Allied” coalition until early 1923. Nowowiejski reintroduces us to a successful military diplomat, Major General Henry T. Allen, who faced two major challenges: build an efficient army and handle the complexity of working with the Allied powers of France, Britain, and Belgium in the Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission (IARHC). Allen’s ability to balance the interests of the French with those of the occupied Germans made him an indispensable participant in the High Commission. As the French sought revenge and added security against Germany, Allen moderated their actions with diplomatic skill. When the French sent forces into Germany in 1920 and 1921, Allen ensured that the US zone around Koblenz remained free of French interference. These achievements were without the support of the administration, and Congress had no desire to take part in European affairs. Allen also had to create a competent American army in the Rhineland so that the Allied powers and the Germans would respect American views and interests. He successfully took a large number of new recruits, who replaced World War I combat veterans, and molded them into a professional fighting force. As a result, the American Forces in Germany became an exemplar for the entire US Army and a symbol to the Allies and Germans of American power and resolve. This force competently accomplished the difficult task of postwar occupation according to the highest international standards. The US administration made the decision in 1922 to radically cut back the size of Allen’s army, and in 1923 to remove all US troops from Germany. The author analyzes this withdrawal as a “missed opportunity” for US leverage on diplomatic developments in Europe.

Debating the Democratic Peace

Author : Michael E. Brown
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262522137
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis Debating the Democratic Peace by : Michael E. Brown

Download or read book Debating the Democratic Peace written by Michael E. Brown and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996-05-10 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are democracies less likely to go to war than other kinds of states? This question is of tremendous importance in both academic and policy-making circles and one that has been debated by political scientists for years. The Clinton administration, in particular, has argued that the United States should endeavor to promote democracy around the world. This timely reader includes some of the most influential articles in the debate that have appeared in the journal International Security during the past two years, adding two seminal pieces published elsewhere to make a more balanced and complete collection, suitable for classroom use.

The Cuno Government and Reparations 1922–1923

Author : H.J. Rupieper
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940099284X
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cuno Government and Reparations 1922–1923 by : H.J. Rupieper

Download or read book The Cuno Government and Reparations 1922–1923 written by H.J. Rupieper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the First World War ended, the political and economic system of prewar Europe lay in ruins. Though Allied politicians tried at various post war conferences to create a new and stable European order they failed because of conflicting and competing national interests. The peace settle ments neither established security from renewed attacks by the defeated nations nor did they lay the groundwork for a reconstruction of Europe's devastated economic system, because the members of the Allied war coali tion could not agree on the goals to be pursued by the treaties or on the means to enforce their settlement. In this context, reparations played a most signi ficant role. The conflict between the European protagonists France, Great Britain and Germany reached its peak at the beginning of 1923 when Franco Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr district in a last attempt to implement strategies developed in 1919 for a control ofthe German economic potential until reparations had been paid and to show to the Anglo-Saxon powers that any modification of Allied policy toward Germany could not be attained against French objections or without a simultaneous adjustment of French war debts. By focusing on the reparation issue during the period of the Cuno Cabinet, this book attempts to contribute both to the literature on Cuno and to the interrelationship of political and economic problems after W orId War I.

Innocent Abroad

Author : Sally Marks
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 146964004X
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Innocent Abroad by : Sally Marks

Download or read book Innocent Abroad written by Sally Marks and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: German violation of Belgian neutrality escalated the 1914 hostilities into a world war, and disagreement about Belgium's future did much to block a compromise peace. In the postwar decade, Belgium's role as intermediary between France and Britain was pivotal, and its primary concerns reveal mush about postwar Europe's search for stability. Yet, at the Paris Peace Conference, Belgium emerged with little to show for its suffering. Originally published 1981. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.