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Vehicular Safety And Operations Assessment Of Reserved Lanes Using Microscopic Simulation
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Book Synopsis Vehicular Safety and Operations Assessment of Reserved Lanes Using Microscopic Simulation by : Chao Li
Download or read book Vehicular Safety and Operations Assessment of Reserved Lanes Using Microscopic Simulation written by Chao Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluation of roadway safety via the analysis of vehicular conflicts using microscopic simulation shows increasing preference among transportation professionals, mostly due to significant advances in computational technology that allows for better efficiency when compared with other traffic safety modeling approaches. In addition, since modeling vehicular interactions via simulation is intrinsic to the methodology, one may assess various impacts of safety treatments without disrupting vehicle movements and before proceeding with real-world implementations. VISSIM, a microscopic traffic simulation model, is used in this thesis to reproduce vehicular interactions of an urban High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) arterial in Québec. The model is calibrated to reflect the observed real-world driving behavior. Vehicle conflicts are assessed using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) developed by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The experimental results indicate that the existing study area has a significant safety problem, mostly due to high interactions between buses and passenger cars. Alternative geometric and control designs are evaluated to ameliorate traffic safety. It is shown that the proposed alternative solutions can be used to either efficiently eliminate many vehicular traffic conflicts, or to significantly reduce public transit delay while ameliorating traffic safety. It is expected that this methodology can be successfully applied to other similar reserved lanes facilities.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Operations and Safety Issues at Reserved Lane Facilities Using Microscopic Video Data and Alternative Methods by : Paul Anderson-Trocme
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Operations and Safety Issues at Reserved Lane Facilities Using Microscopic Video Data and Alternative Methods written by Paul Anderson-Trocme and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This research investigates the operating performance and safety issues of reserved lanes in Quebec, Canada using microscopic data and different methods. Reserved lanes have been around for a few decades in North America, however their effectiveness and safety along congested facilities remains contested. This thesis proposes original methods for collecting microscopic data, analysing and evaluating the performance and safety of reserved lane highway and arterial facilities. The microscopic data (vehicle level data) is collected using video cameras and obtained with an open-source feature-based tracking software. As a first objective, this research work evaluates the accuracy of the automatically calculated speed data by comparing them to manually collected speeds from different camera orientations and concludes that the mean errors are comparable to the current collection technologies. The second part of the research applies the tracked vehicle data from an exclusive bus lane to a microsimulation scenario and calibrates the speeds along the corridor to estimate its effects on the overall performance and emissions. The third section analyses the performance and safety along highway and arterial facilities. The highway segment was evaluated before and after the implementation of an HOV lane by investigating the differences in volumes, speeds and travel times. The arterial segment with a reserved bus lane was evaluated based on lane change violation rates and surrogate safety indicators calculated using trajectory-based tools. Countermeasures for both facilities are discussed based on the results extracted using the alternative data collection process. Overall, the research highlights the video-based application's ability to generate microscopic traffic data and presents new methods that can be implemented along facilities to monitor, build microscopic models and evaluate reserved lanes based on different driver behavior indicators. " --
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Traffic Operations and Safety of Reserved-Lanes by : Huizhu Tao
Download or read book Evaluation of Traffic Operations and Safety of Reserved-Lanes written by Huizhu Tao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the safety and operations of reserved lane facilities, with multiple interactions between vehicles. Currently, there are a limited number of studies that investigated the effects of various geometric designs impact on traffic operations along reserved-lanes, especially the specific factors that control for frequent opportunities of merging/diverging and crossing maneuvers. In this study, a VISSIM simulation model has been developed to model vehicular interactions of reserved-lanes facilities, along an arterial with interrupted traffic setup and along an uninterrupted highway segment, both located in the Montreal metro area. The model was used to evaluate the safety and traffic operations along the selected corridors by comparing the status quo with some proposed alternative design and assuming the prevailing traffic conditions. The simulation model was calibrated with real-world vehicle headways and the generated vehicle trajectories were used in a Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM). An improvement of the SSAM model was achieved via a binary matrix calibration methodology, in order to identify the vehicle conflicts more accurately. This improvement helps traffic analysts to identify the potential traffic operations measures that could contribute to a reduction of vehicular conflicts. The results show that traffic operations along the corridor can be significantly improved if a different geometric alignment is used, one that would reduce the number of interaction opportunities. For example, it is shown that a 30-meter weaving section along the analysed arterial and a 50-meter merging section at the end of the highway bus-on-shoulder segment leads to improvements vehicles’ travel time as well as improvements in traffic safety.
Book Synopsis Identifying the Impact of Truck-lane Restriction Strategies on Traffic Flow and Safety Using Simulation by : Qun Liu
Download or read book Identifying the Impact of Truck-lane Restriction Strategies on Traffic Flow and Safety Using Simulation written by Qun Liu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuous growth of freight transportation over recent years has resulted in an increasing proportion of commercial vehicles on our nations' highways which has led to higher truck volumes and more severe truck-related crashes every year. Safety proponents have therefore been advocating for more restrictions to be placed on these commercial vehicles in order to reduce the interaction of these larger vehicles and passenger cars. A popular strategy is the use of different lane restrictions for trucks. However, the effectiveness of these restrictions for trucks differs from case to case due to unique factors of each site, including the type of restriction used, traffic conditions and the geometric characteristics at the site. This has motivated the author to conduct this study to evaluate the impact of these restrictions on traffic operations and safety on freeways with different traffic and geometric characteristics. For the safety evaluation, this research measures the impact of different truck lane restriction strategies (TLRS) using conflict as the measurement of effectiveness (MOE). Conflict has been proven to be highly related to traffic crushes on freeways (FHWA, 1990; Sayed and Zein, 1999; Kaub, 2000). The high frequency of conflicts has also made it possible to collect adequate data for statistical analysis. The MOEs used to evaluate the impact of different lane restrictions on operational performance were lane changes, average speed, speed distribution, and volume distribution. Due to the lack of existing highway locations with different lane restrictions considered in this study, the conflict data were collected using a traffic simulation tool - PARAMICS V3.0 (Quadstone Ltd., 2000), which can simulate the emergent interaction between vehicles but not random crashes on the road network. The effectiveness of different lane restrictions in terms of the above MOEs were evaluated for 14,400 different simulation scenarios by varying lane restriction strategies, traffic conditions (volume, truck percentage) and geometric characteristics (gradient, speed limit, interchange density). The simulation results showed that all the geometric and traffic characteristics had a significant impact on freeway safety and operation. In addition, truck percentage and volume were identified as key factors that had a significant impact on the selection of the optimal truck lane restriction strategy. The ANOVA analyses indicated that the degree of effect of truck lane restriction strategies on safety intensify with the increase in truck percentage and traffic volume. Optimal alternatives of truck lane restriction strategies under different truck percentages and volumes were identified with the objective of reducing traffic conflicts and enhancing LOS (level of service). Guidelines were then developed for the application of truck lane restrictions under alternative traffic and geometric conditions.
Book Synopsis Integrating Observational and Microscopic Simulation Models for Traffic Safety Analysis by : Usama Elrawy Shahdah
Download or read book Integrating Observational and Microscopic Simulation Models for Traffic Safety Analysis written by Usama Elrawy Shahdah and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In safety analysis, two questions typically need to be addressed: 1) how to identify unsafe sites for priority intervention? and 2) how to determine the effectiveness of treatments introduced at these and other sites? Two types of approaches have been considered in the literature to provide answers for these questions: (1) observational models based on historical crash data and (2) observed or simulated higher risk vehicle interactions or traffic conflicts. Observational crash-based models are good at predicting higher severity crashes, but they tend to ignore higher risk vehicle interactions that compromise safety, that have not resulted in crashes (e.g. near misses). Proponents of microscopic simulation argue that ignoring these higher risk interactions can severely understate the safety problem at a given site and lead to a misallocation of scarce treatment funds. Another problem with observational crash prediction models is the need for sufficient crash data reported over an extended period of time to provide reliable estimates of “potential” lack of safety. This requirement can be a challenge for certain types of treatment and different sites or locations. Furthermore, observational approaches are not causal in nature, and as such, they fail to provide a sound “behavioural” rationale for “why” certain treatments affect safety. On the other hand, traffic conflicts occur more frequently than crashes and can provide a stronger experimental basis for estimating safety effects on a short-term basis. This is especially important given the rare random nature of crashes for certain traffic conditions. Additionally, they provide a more rational basis for lack of safety than is normally available from crash occurrence data. Basically, through the application of calibrated behavioural simulation, traffic conflicts can be linked to specific driver actions and responses at a given site, more so than conventional reported crashes. As such, they permit a causal underpinning for possible treatment effects and this is important to decision-makers because it underscores why certain treatments act to enhance safety, rather than simply providing an estimate of the treatment effect itself. Notwithstanding the usefulness of conflict-based measures, observed crashes remain the primary verifiable measure for representing failures in the transportation systems. Unfortunately traffic conflicts have not been formally linked to observed crashes, and hence their values as indicators for treatment effect have not been fully explored. This presents a challenge on how best to use both conflicts and observed crashes to better understand where safety is most problematic, where intervention is needed, and how best to resolve specific safety problems? In this thesis, the position is taken that a complete understanding of safety problems at a given site can only emerge from a more inclusive analysis of both observed crashes and traffic conflicts. This is explored by developing two integrated models: (1) An integrated priority ranking model is presented that combines estimates from observational crash prediction with an analysis of simulated traffic conflicts; (2) An integrated treatment model is presented that uses simulated traffic conflicts that are linked statistically to observed crashes to provide estimates of crash modification factor (CMF). The suitability of these integrated models has been evaluated using data for a sample of signalized intersections from Toronto for the period 1999-2006. In the absence of a benchmark (or true) priority ranking outcome, a number of evaluation criteria were considered, and the integrated ranking model was found to yield better results than both conventional observational crash-based models (including empirical Bayesian, potential for safety improvement methods) and conflict-based models (including conflict frequency and rate for different risk thresholds). For treatment effects, the results suggest that CMFs can be estimated reliably from conflicts derived from microsimulation, where the simulation platform has been sufficiently calibrated. The link between crashes and conflicts provides additional inferences concerning treatment effects, in those cases where treatments were not previously implemented (i.e., no after history). Since there is an absence of crash history, the treatment effect is based exclusively on simulated conflicts. Moreover, the integrated model has the added advantage of providing site-specific CMFs instead of applying a constant CMF across all sites considered for a potential treatment.
Book Synopsis Safety, Operational, and Design Analyses of Managed Toll and Connected Vehicles' Lanes by : Moatz Saad
Download or read book Safety, Operational, and Design Analyses of Managed Toll and Connected Vehicles' Lanes written by Moatz Saad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managed lanes (MLs) have been implemented as a vital strategy for traffic management and traffic safety improvement. The majority of previous studies involving MLs have explored a limited scope of the impact of the MLs segments as a whole, without considering the safety and operational effects of the access design. Also, there are limited studies that investigated the effect of connected vehicles (CVs) on managed lanes. Hence, this study has two main objectives: (1) the first objective is achieved by determining the optimal managed lanes access design, including accessibility level and weaving distance for an at-grade access design. (2) the second objective is to study the effects of applying CVs and CV lanes on the MLs network. Several scenarios were tested using microscopic traffic simulation to determine the optimal access design while taking into consideration accessibility levels and weaving lengths. Both safety (e.g., standard deviation of speed, time-to-collision, and conflict rate) and operational (e.g., level of service, average speed, average delay) performance measures were included in the analyses. For the first objective, the results suggested that one accessibility level is the optimal option for the 9-mile network. A weaving length between 1,000 feet to 1,400 feet per lane change was suggested based on the safety analysis. From the operational perspective, a weaving length between 1,000 feet and 2,000 feet per lane change was recommended. The findings also suggested that MPR% between 10% and 30% was recommended when the CVs are only allowed in MLs. When increasing the number of MLs, the MPR% could be improved to reach 70%. Lastly, the findings proposed that MPR% of 100% could be achieved by allowing the CVs to use all the lanes in the network.
Book Synopsis Roundabouts by : Lee August Rodegerdts
Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
Book Synopsis Operational Analysis of High-occupancy Vehicle Lanes Using Microsimulation by : Basheer Mohammed
Download or read book Operational Analysis of High-occupancy Vehicle Lanes Using Microsimulation written by Basheer Mohammed and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have evolved as an important transportation supply management strategy for reducing peak-period traffic congestion in many urban areas. In HOV lane planning initiatives, accurate estimation of the travel time differentials between HOV Lanes and the adjacent general-purpose (GP) lanes is crucial in projecting the potential mode shift from solo driving to high-occupancy vehicles. Microsimulation-based operational analysis of traffic provides a promising approach to compute these travel time differentials more efficiently. In addition, microsimulation-based analysis provides the opportunity to evaluate the impacts of HOV lane implementation at a more disaggregate, section-by-section, basis in a corridor. In this research project, an HOV lane treatment plan for Highway 401 in Toronto was developed using the above approach based on a comparative operational analysis of three improvement scenarios. The research results showed the usefulness of microsimulation for evaluating HOV lane improvement options for large freeways on a section-by-section basis.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Requirements and Options in the Field of Advanced Road Transport Telematics in Europe by :
Download or read book Investigation of Requirements and Options in the Field of Advanced Road Transport Telematics in Europe written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation by : Jaume Barceló
Download or read book Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation written by Jaume Barceló and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing power of computer technologies, the evolution of software en- neering and the advent of the intelligent transport systems has prompted traf c simulation to become one of the most used approaches for traf c analysis in s- port of the design and evaluation of traf c systems. The ability of traf c simulation to emulate the time variability of traf c phenomena makes it a unique tool for capturing the complexity of traf c systems. In recent years, traf c simulation – and namely microscopic traf c simulation – has moved from the academic to the professional world. A wide variety of traf- c simulation software is currently available on the market and it is utilized by thousands of users, consultants, researchers and public agencies. Microscopic traf c simulation based on the emulation of traf c ows from the dynamics of individual vehicles is becoming one the most attractive approaches. However, traf c simulation still lacks a uni ed treatment. Dozens of papers on theory and applications are published in scienti c journals every year. A search of simulation-related papers and workshops through the proceedings of the last annual TRB meetings would support this assertion, as would a review of the minutes from speci cally dedicated meetings such as the International Symposiums on Traf c Simulation (Yokohama, 2002; Lausanne, 2006; Brisbane, 2008) or the International Workshops on Traf c Modeling and Simulation (Tucson, 2001; Barcelona, 2003; Sedona, 2005; Graz 2008). Yet, the only comprehensive treatment of the subject to be found so far is in the user’s manuals of various software products.
Book Synopsis Observational Before-after Studies in Road Safety: Estimating the Effect of Highway and Traffic Engineering Measures on Road Safety by : Ezra Hauer
Download or read book Observational Before-after Studies in Road Safety: Estimating the Effect of Highway and Traffic Engineering Measures on Road Safety written by Ezra Hauer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automated Highway Systems by : Petros Ioannou
Download or read book Automated Highway Systems written by Petros Ioannou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts address some of the main issues and uncertainties associated with the design and deployment of Automated Highway Systems (AHS). They discuss new AHS concepts, technology, and benefits, as well as institutional, environmental, and social issues - concerns that will affect dramatically the operation of the current highway system from both the vehicle and infrastructure points of view.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-08 with total page 1506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safe Mobility written by Dominique Lord and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book increases the level of knowledge on road safety contexts, issues and challenges; shares what can currently be done to address the variety of issues; and points to what needs to be done to make further gains in road safety.
Book Synopsis Vehicular Networking by : Christoph Sommer
Download or read book Vehicular Networking written by Christoph Sommer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about the basics and the future of vehicular networking research with this essential guide to in- and inter-vehicle communication.
Book Synopsis Calculation of Roundabouts by : Raffaele Mauro
Download or read book Calculation of Roundabouts written by Raffaele Mauro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roundabouts have become one of the most significant traffic control measures because they are generally statistically safer and more efficient than traditional at grade intersections. This book is dedicated to the evaluation of the operating conditions of roundabouts. In five parts, it thoroughly illustrates the calculation of the capacity, including reliability, and waiting phenomena parameters, such as the times spent in the system and queue lengths. Fully worked examples are included throughout the chapters, with detailed explanations.
Author :World Health Organization. Violence and Injury Prevention Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 :9241564563 Total Pages :316 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (415 download)
Book Synopsis Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013 by : World Health Organization. Violence and Injury Prevention
Download or read book Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013 written by World Health Organization. Violence and Injury Prevention and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides legislation data last updated in 2011 and fatality data updated for 2010.
