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Download or read book VE-Cadherin–Mediated Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Gene Expression written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : V. Apurva Shirodkar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Cell-enriched Genes in the Vascular Endothelium written by V. Apurva Shirodkar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gary Chi-Hung Chan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494395332
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of Cytokine-inducible Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelial Cells written by Gary Chi-Hung Chan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The vascular endothelium is an important target of cytokines. Previously, studies have focused on identifying the cis- and trans-factors involved in cytokine-inducible gene transcription in the vascular endothelium. However, chromatin and not simply naked DNA is the physiological substrate for the transcriptional machinery. Here, we investigated whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the transcriptional regulation of NOS2A and VCAM1, two cytokine-inducible genes regulated by similar trans-factors but with reciprocal expression profiles in activated endothelial cells. First, we present evidence that the hyporesponsiveness of the human NOS2A gene in endothelial cells is based, in part, on epigenetic silencing. Our data support a model in which hypermethylation of CpG dinucleotides, binding of MeCP2, and H3 lysine 9 methylation of the nucleosomes at the proximal promoter render NOS2A transcriptionally inert in endothelial cells. This contrasts with the absence of CpG and lysine 9 methylation in inducible cell types. Intriguingly, our results suggest that differential DNA methylation of the human and mouse iNOS promoters contributes to the marked difference in their inducibility. Our studies indicate that human NOS2A gene duplication and the accumulation of high-copy repetitive sequences at the NOS2A locus may be relevant to the divergence in iNOS epigenetic states between humans and rodents. Overall, our work defines a role for chromatin-based mechanisms in the control of iNOS induction. Next, we demonstrate that promoter DNA methylation and histone modifications play a role in the tissue-specific expression of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells. Intriguingly, our studies have shown that in a homogeneous population of HUVEC cells, genetically identically cells differ in their VCAM1 DNA methylation patterns, resulting in stochastic VCAM-1 induction in the absence of genetic heterogeneity. This is the first identification of an endogeneous metastable epiallele in the human genome. Another major finding is that dynamic nucleosome removal and reassembly at the VCAM1 core promoter are concurrent with RNA polymerase II recruitment and VCAM-1 mRNA induction. This is the first demonstration of a role for nucleosome removal upon promoter activation of an inducible gene in higher eukaryotes. Collectively, this thesis furthers our understanding of chromatin-based control of cytokineinducible gene expression in the vascular endothelium.
Author : Jagoda Hebda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Regulation of VE-cadherin Expression and Dynamic in Endothelial Permeability written by Jagoda Hebda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VE-cadherin is a major adhesion molecule composing endothelial adherens junctions (AJ), which ensure selectivity of the endothelial barrier. Stabilization of the VE-cadherin complex at the surface of endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Conversely, the disorganization or internalisation of VE-cadherin is a frequent consequence of VE-cadherin modifications (e.g phosphorylation), which promotes in turn vascular permeability. In general, vascular leakage can be observed in both physiological and pathological conditions. Indeed, VE-cadherin phosphorylation caused by pro-angiogenic and pro-permeability factors, among which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the prototype, occurs during physiological angiogenesis, as well as tumour-associated angiogenesis. Besides, pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) can also participate in the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and thereby promote vascular permeability. To best characterise VE-cadherin-mediated increase in vascular permeability under physiological VEGF challenge, we notably investigated the molecular interactions between serine (S665) phosphorylated VE-cadherin and the scaffolding molecule [beta]-arrestin. We also studied the distribution of VE-cadherin in brain endothelial cells under pathological conditions, as provided by the secretome of glioblastoma (GB) brain tumour cells. My work allows the identification of a 43 amino-acid sequence within the C-terminus tail of [beta]-arrestin1 (C-tail) that can directly bind to (S665) phosphorylated VE-cadherin and further triggers its internalisation upon VEGF stimulation. Moreover, we demonstrated the unexpected role of [beta]-arrestin1 C-tail in the down-regulation of the VE-cadherin promoter activity, which results in reduction of VE-cadherin RNA and protein levels, thus contributing to the endothelial barrier properties. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the effects of tumour-secreted factors on the hyper-permeability associated with the tumour microenvironment, we explored the composition and function of the GB secretome on brain endothelial cells. We found that abundant secretion of IL-8 by GB cells causes VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial junction disorganization. Moreover, IL-8 promotes both brain endothelial cell permeability and tubulogenesis. In conclusion, we established a new role for [beta]-arrestin1 in the control of VE-cadherin-based junctions in human endothelial cells. Likewise, we demonstrated that tumour cell-released IL-8 chemokine provokes VE-cadherin-dependent junction remodelling and thereby increases the permeability of human brain endothelial cells. Our results reinforce the central role of VE-cadherin in the modulation of the vascular barrier function in physiological and pathological conditions.
Author : Michelle Christine Sykes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (429 download)
Download or read book Regulation of Endothelial Gene Transcription by Shear Stress in a written by Michelle Christine Sykes and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially at branches and curves in arteries exposed to disturbed flow while sparing straight portions of arteries exposed to undisturbed flow. In vivo and in vitro studies have implicated NADPH oxidases in atherosclerosis and hypertension. Shear stress can induce reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells from a variety of sources, including NADPH oxidases. Here, we examined the hypothesis that unidirectional laminar shear (LS) and oscillatory shear (OS) would differentially regulate gene expression profiles in NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent manners, and that these genes would provide novel molecular targets in understanding endothelial cell biology and vascular disease. The p47phox subunit of the NADPH oxidase can be an important regulator of certain Nox isoforms, including Nox1 and Nox2 which may be responsible for shear-induced superoxide production. In order to isolate p47phox-dependent shear responses, we took advantage of the p47phox-/- transgenic mouse model which lacks a functional p47phox subunit. We developed a method to isolate murine aortic endothelial cells using an enzymatic digestion technique. These cells expressed characteristic endothelial markers, including VE-cadherin, PECAM1, and eNOS, and aligned in the direction of flow. We successfully isolated primary murine aortic endothelial cells from both wild-type C57BL/6 mice (MAE-WT) and p47phox-/- mice (MAE-p47). Furthermore, we established an immortalized cell line from each of these cell types, iMAE-WT and iMAE-p47.
Author : Jiucun Wang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889661849
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)
Download or read book Epigenetic Biomarker and Personalized Precision Medicine written by Jiucun Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author : Bertrand Kaeffer
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832510361
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Non-coding RNA in immunotherapies and immune regulation written by Bertrand Kaeffer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-02 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zhihua Wang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889744167
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases written by Zhihua Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paban K. Agrawala
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323856535
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Epigenetics and Metabolomics written by Paban K. Agrawala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Metabolomics, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic control of metabolic activity, and systems-based approaches for better understanding these mechanisms. Over a dozen chapter authors provide an overview of epigenetics in translational medicine and metabolomics techniques, followed by analyses of epigenetic and metabolomic linkage mechanisms likely to result in effective identification of disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies targeting the removal of the inappropriate epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic interventions in cancer, brain damage, and neuroendocrine disease, among other disorders, are discussed in-depth, with an emphasis on exploring next steps for clinical translation and personalized healthcare. Offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic regulation of metabolic activity and systems-based approaches to power new research Discusses epigenetic control of metabolic pathways and possible therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative, and neuroendocrine diseases, among others Provides guidance in epigenomics and metabolomic research methodology
Author : Vladimir A. Botchkarev
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319167693
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Development and Regeneration written by Vladimir A. Botchkarev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This indispensable volume highlights recent studies identifying epigenetic mechanisms as essential regulators of skin development, stem cell activity and regeneration. Chapters are contributed by leading experts and promote the skin as an accessible model system for studying mechanisms that control organ development and regeneration. The timely discussions contained throughout are of broad relevance to other areas of biology and medicine and can help inform the development of novel therapeutics for skin disorders as well as new approaches to skin regeneration that target the epigenome. Part of the highly successful Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine series, Epigenetic Regulation of Skin Development and Regeneration uncovers the fundamental significance of epigenetic mechanisms in skin development and regeneration, and emphasizes the development of new therapies for a number of skin disorders, such as pathological conditions of epidermal differentiation, pigmentation and carcinogenesis. At least six categories of researchers will find this book essential, including stem cell, developmental, hair follicle or molecular biologists, and gerontologists or clinical dermatologists.
Author : Vincenzo E. A. Russo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 716 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation written by Vincenzo E. A. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many inheritable changes in gene function are not explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Such epigenetic mechanisms are known to influence gene function in most complex organisms and include effects such as transposon function, chromosome imprinting, yeast mating type switching and telomeric silencing. In recent years, epigenetic effects have become a major focus of research activity. This monograph, edited by three well-known biologists from different specialties, is the first to review and synthesize what is known about these effects across all species, particularly from a molecular perspective, and will be of interest to everyone in the fields of molecular biology and genetics.
Author : Bin Ren
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889742520
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling in Endothelial Cell Biology and Vascular Heterogeneity written by Bin Ren and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard N. Feinberg
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Development of the Vascular System written by Richard N. Feinberg and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1991 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michel Félétou
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1615041230
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author : Trygve O. Tollefsbol
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441906398
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.
Author : Jens Kurreck
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 0854041168
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Therapeutic Oligonucleotides written by Jens Kurreck and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a compelling overall update on current status of RNA interference
Author : Elena Aikawa
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535111507
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Calcific Aortic Valve Disease written by Elena Aikawa and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to population aging, calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has become the most common heart valve disease in Western countries. No therapies exist to slow this disease progression, and surgical valve replacement is the only effective treatment. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease covers the contemporary understanding of basic valve biology and the mechanisms of CAVD, provides novel insights into the genetics, proteomics, and metabolomics of CAVD, depicts new strategies in heart valve tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and explores current treatment approaches. As we are on the verge of understanding the mechanisms of CAVD, we hope that this book will enable readers to comprehend our current knowledge and focus on the possibility of preventing disease progression in the future.
