Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811968330
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Napoleon Enteria

Download or read book Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Napoleon Enteria and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles the latest research, development, and application of VRF systems with contributions from various experts who pioneered and contributed to the development of the VRF system. This book presents the fundamental issues related to the real application and behaviour of the VRF system based on the long-term monitoring of the installed system. With our experience of pandemic which COVID-19 is an airborne, the spread of the virus is very fast. With this, the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is a major player in the maintenance and control of indoor environment to minimize the spread of the virus. As the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) system is a versatile HVAC system in which it can operate at different conditions, the application of the VRF system is very important to control the indoor environmental conditions. Thus, the publication of this book is important with the present situation and the future possible situation which the control of indoor spaces is very important. With this, this book will serve as a reference for building designer, contractors, building regulators and students.

Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Performance and the Enhanced Control Algorithm on Oak Ridge National Laboratory S Flexible Research Platform

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Performance and the Enhanced Control Algorithm on Oak Ridge National Laboratory S Flexible Research Platform by :

Download or read book Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Performance and the Enhanced Control Algorithm on Oak Ridge National Laboratory S Flexible Research Platform written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A research project "Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems Performance and the Enhanced Control Algorithm on Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) Flexible Research Platform" was performed to (1) install and validate the performance of Samsung VRF systems compared with the baseline rooftop unit (RTU) variable-air-volume (VAV) system and (2) evaluate the enhanced control algorithm for the VRF system on the two-story flexible research platform (FRP) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Based on the VRF system designed by Samsung and ORNL, the system was installed from February 18 through April 15, 2014. The final commissioning and system optimization were completed on June 2, 2014, and the initial test for system operation was started the following day, June 3, 2014. In addition, the enhanced control algorithm was implemented and updated on June 18. After a series of additional commissioning actions, the energy performance data from the RTU and the VRF system were monitored from July 7, 2014, through February 28, 2015. Data monitoring and analysis were performed for the cooling season and heating season separately, and the calibrated simulation model was developed and used to estimate the energy performance of the RTU and VRF systems. This final report includes discussion of the design and installation of the VRF system, the data monitoring and analysis plan, the cooling season and heating season data analysis, and the building energy modeling study.

HVAC - Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems

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Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781505394047
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis HVAC - Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems by : A. Bhatia

Download or read book HVAC - Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems written by A. Bhatia and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-06 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VRF (Variable refrigerant flow) is an air-condition system configuration where there is one outdoor condensing unit and multiple indoor units. The term variable refrigerant flow (VRF) refers to the ability of the system to control the amount of refrigerant flowing to the multiple evaporators (indoor units), enabling the use of many evaporators of differing capacities and configurations connected to single condensing unit. The arrangement provides an individualized comfort control, and simultaneous heating and cooling in different zones. Currently widely applied in large buildings especially in Japan and Europe, these systems are just starting to be introduced in the U.S. The VRF technology/system was developed and designed by Daikin Industries, Japan who named and protected the term variable refrigerant volume (VRV) system so other manufacturers use the term VRF "variable refrigerant flow". In essence both are same. With a higher efficiency and increased controllability, the VRF system can help achieve a sustainable design. Unfortunately, the design of VRF systems is more complicated and requires additional work compared to designing a conventional direct expansion (DX) system. This 3 -hour quick book provides an overview of VRF system technology. Emphasis is placed on the control principles, terminology, basic components, advantages and design limitations. This course is aimed at the personnel who have some limited background in the air conditioning field and is suitable for mechanical, electrical, controls and HVAC engineers, architects, building designers, contractors, estimators, energy auditors and facility managers.The course includes a multiple-choice quiz consisting of fifteen (15) questions at the end. Learning ObjectiveAt the conclusion of this course, the reader will: * Understand the difference between multi-split air conditioning system and VRF systems;* Understand the operating principle of direct expansion split and VRF system;* Understand the concept of thermal zone;* Understand how VRF with heat recovery are different from ordinary heat pump systems;* Understand the operation of thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) and electronic expansion valve (EEV);* Understand the influence of building characteristics and load profile on selection of VRF system;* Learn the advantages and application of VRF systems;* Understand the design limitations and challenges in design of VRF systems.

Application and Design of Air-to-air Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis Application and Design of Air-to-air Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Paul Wicoff

Download or read book Application and Design of Air-to-air Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Paul Wicoff and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report addresses the operation, use, and design of air-to-air variable refrigerant flow systems, also known as VRF. Relatively new to the United States, these HVAC systems have potential to reduce energy consumption and utility costs in the correct applications. Although useful in many applications, the best building types for VRF are those requiring a large number of zones and with low ventilation air requirements. The report explains design and system selection considerations and accordingly presents two flowcharts to help designers implement this system. To show how the system compares to traditional technologies in terms of efficiency and cost, the report presents results from several studies comparing VRF to other systems. In addition, an energy modeling study is conducted to clarify the effect of climate on the system; this study established air-to-air VRF as having highest energy consumption in dry, southern climates, based on energy use and operating costs. With this report, HVAC designers can learn when air-to-air VRF is an acceptable method for providing heating and cooling in a building.

Comparison of Energy Efficiency Between Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems and Ground Source Heat Pump Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparison of Energy Efficiency Between Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems and Ground Source Heat Pump Systems by :

Download or read book Comparison of Energy Efficiency Between Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems and Ground Source Heat Pump Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the current movement toward net zero energy buildings, many technologies are promoted with emphasis on their superior energy efficiency. The variable refrigerant flow (VRF) and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are probably the most competitive technologies among these. However, there are few studies reporting the energy efficiency of VRF systems compared with GSHP systems. In this article, a preliminary comparison of energy efficiency between the air-source VRF and GSHP systems is presented. The computer simulation results show that GSHP system is more energy efficient than the air-source VRF system for conditioning a small office building in two selected US climates. In general, GSHP system is more energy efficient than the air-source VRV system, especially when the building has significant heating loads. For buildings with less heating loads, the GSHP system could still perform better than the air-source VRF system in terms of energy efficiency, but the resulting energy savings may be marginal.

Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems Performance in Ornl's Flexible Research Platform (FRP).

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems Performance in Ornl's Flexible Research Platform (FRP). by :

Download or read book Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Systems Performance in Ornl's Flexible Research Platform (FRP). written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

City Multi® Catalog

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Publisher : Mitsubishi Electric via PublishDrive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (661 download)

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Book Synopsis City Multi® Catalog by : Trane®/Mitsubishi Electric Catalogs

Download or read book City Multi® Catalog written by Trane®/Mitsubishi Electric Catalogs and published by Mitsubishi Electric via PublishDrive. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No other company is as committed to creating environmentally friendly and affordable technology that’s ideal for today’s home, no matter the size or shape. Get the CITY MULTI® catalog to learn more about our applied Variable Refrigerant Flow products and solutions.

Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps

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Author :
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0081006667
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps by : G F Hundy

Download or read book Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps written by G F Hundy and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps, Fifth Edition, provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practice of refrigeration. Clear and comprehensive, it is suitable for both trainee and professional HVAC engineers, with a straightforward approach that also helps inexperienced readers gain a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of the technology. With its concise style and broad scope, the book covers most of the equipment and applications professionals will encounter. The simplicity of the descriptions helps users understand, specify, commission, use, and maintain these systems. It is a must-have text for anyone who needs thorough, foundational information on refrigeration and air conditioning, but without textbook pedagogy. It includes detailed technicalities or product-specific information. New material to this edition includes the latest developments in refrigerants and lubricants, together with updated information on compressors, heat exchangers, liquid chillers, electronic expansion valves, controls, and cold storage. In addition, efficiency, environmental impact, split systems, retail refrigeration (supermarket systems and cold rooms), industrial systems, fans, air infiltration, and noise are also included. Full theoretical and practical treatment of current issues and trends in refrigeration and air conditioning technology Meets the needs of industry practitioners and system designers who need a rigorous, but accessible reference to the latest developments in refrigeration and AC that is supported by coverage at a level not found in typical course textbooks New edition features updated content on refrigerants, microchannel technology, noise, condensers, data centers, and electronic control

Compare Energy Use in Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps Field Demonstration and Computer Model

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (971 download)

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Book Synopsis Compare Energy Use in Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps Field Demonstration and Computer Model by :

Download or read book Compare Energy Use in Variable Refrigerant Flow Heat Pumps Field Demonstration and Computer Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) heat pumps are often regarded as energy efficient air-conditioning systems which offer electricity savings as well as reduction in peak electric demand while providing improved individual zone setpoint control. One of the key advantages of VRF systems is minimal duct losses which provide significant reduction in energy use and duct space. However, there is limited data available to show their actual performance in the field. Since VRF systems are increasingly gaining market share in the US, it is highly desirable to have more actual field performance data of these systems. An effort was made in this direction to monitor VRF system performance over an extended period of time in a US national lab test facility. Due to increasing demand by the energy modeling community, an empirical model to simulate VRF systems was implemented in the building simulation program EnergyPlus. This paper presents the comparison of energy consumption as measured in the national lab and as predicted by the program. For increased accuracy in the comparison, a customized weather file was created by using measured outdoor temperature and relative humidity at the test facility. Other inputs to the model included building construction, VRF system model based on lab measured performance, occupancy of the building, lighting/plug loads, and thermostat set-points etc. Infiltration model inputs were adjusted in the beginning to tune the computer model and then subsequent field measurements were compared to the simulation results. Differences between the computer model results and actual field measurements are discussed. The computer generated VRF performance closely resembled the field measurements.

Guide to variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781912034246
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (342 download)

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Book Synopsis Guide to variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning by : D. et al Arnold

Download or read book Guide to variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning written by D. et al Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides guidance relevant to those with a role in system design, installation and operation, covering how variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems work and how they can be designed so that they operate in a highly efficient way.

Dynamic Modeling and Controls of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Controls of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Liujia Dong

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Controls of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Liujia Dong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have significant impact on the energy consumption of residential and commercial buildings. The Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems, by distributing refrigerant instead of air flow, have emerged as an appealing class of HVAC system that features quieter operation, higher flexibility, and lower cost of installation and maintenance. However, such systems also present higher challenges for controls that can realize its achievable performance. This dissertation research proposes to investigate the dynamic simulation modeling and modelfree control strategies for energy efficient operation of VRF systems with single or multiple outdoor units (ODUs) under fluctuating and uncertain load and ambient conditions. Modelica based dynamic simulation models are developed for VRF systems of different configurations, which involve modeling of indoor units (IDUs), ODUs, and various control valves for thermal regulation. Motivated by a preliminary study on applying multi-variable extremum seeking control (ESC) for an air-source heat pump (ASHP) system, a model-free self-optimizing control strategy is investigated for efficient operation of a multi-functional VRF system under both heat pump modes and heat recovery modes. With the feedback of the total power only, the multi-variable ESC takes different combinations of manipulated inputs, including IDU superheat setpoints, compressor pressure setpoints, ODU fan speed, and ODU superheat setpoint. Input selection is carried out based on their respective impact on the total power. To realize automatic and smooth switching between different operation modes of multi-functional VRF system, the mode switching strategy is proposed. Whether to turn on or off an IDU is determined by the zone temperature and a preset hysteresis band about the temperature setpoint. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, a decision variable for determining the mode of ODU heat exchanger (HX) is proposed as the ODU-HX air-side temperature differential normalized by the dimensionless outdoor unit fan speed. For the smooth switching between two compressor pressure controllers, two bumpless transfer methods are applied. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and performance of bumpless transfer strategies. For the multi-ODU VRF systems, an integrated efficiency operation strategy is proposed to optimize the energy efficiency, which consists of three respects: i) for a given operating condition, a multi-variable ESC strategy is used to optimize the settings of manipulated inputs of operating ODUs, by use of a load-sharing valve array and feedback of the normalized total power; ii) a model-free ODU compressor staging strategy with ESC integrated control logic; and iii) a modelfree ODU heat exchanger mode switching strategy with ESC integrated control logic. For staging on additional ODU compressor, the saturated operation of compressor speed (i.e. saturated to the higher limit) is used as the indicating variable. With ESC-alike real-time optimization strategy in operation, the least efficient compressor would be driven, which will then be staged off. As for automatic mode switch of ODU heat exchangers during heat recovery operation, the saturation of IDU EEV opening is utilized as the indicating variable, and the ODU heat exchanger (or fan-coil unit) with least efficiency under ESC operation will switch its operational mode. Similar to many other HVAC systems, the ESC operation of VRF systems is subject to state and/or input constraints. In this dissertation research, the general problem of constrained ESC is studied. The penalty-functions based framework of constrained ESC is studied. The dither-demodulation design is modified for penalty-function based ESC with assumption of Wiener-Hammerstein system composition. An online penalty-weight adaptation scheme is proposed with online Hessian estimation, and its convergence analysis is conducted in the context of numerical optimization ESC (NOESC).

Variable Air Volume Systems

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Author :
Publisher : HVAC Books—Best on the Web
ISBN 13 : 9780880690218
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Variable Air Volume Systems by : Leo A. Meyer

Download or read book Variable Air Volume Systems written by Leo A. Meyer and published by HVAC Books—Best on the Web. This book was released on 1998 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Energy Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Dongsu Kim

Download or read book Energy Performance Evaluation and Economic Analysis of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Dongsu Kim and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates energy performance and economic analysis of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems in U.S. climate locations using widely-accepted whole building energy modeling software, EnergyPlus. VRF systems are known for their high energy performance and thus can improve energy efficiency in buildings. To evaluate the energy performance of a VRF system, energy simulation modeling and calibration of a VRF heat pump (HP) type system is performed using the EnergyPlus program based on measured data collected from an experimental facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). In the calibration procedures, the energy simulation model is calibrated, according to the ASHRAE Guideline 14-2014, under cooling and heating seasons. After a proper calibration of the simulation model, the VRF HP system is placed in U.S. climate locations to evaluate the performance variations in different weather conditions. An office prototype building model, developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), is used with the VRF HP system in this study. This study also considers net-zero energy building (NZEB) design of VRF systems with a distributed photovoltaic (PV) system. The NZEB concept has been considered as one of the remedies to reduce electric energy usages and achieve high energy efficiency in buildings. Both the VRF HP and VRF heat recovery (HR) system types are considered in the NZEB design, and a solar PV system is utilized to enable NZEB balances in U.S. climate locations by assuming that net-metering available within the electrical grid-level. In addition, this study conducts life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of NZEBs with VRF HP and HR systems. LCCA provides present values at a given study period, discounted payback period, and net-savings between VRF HP and HR systems in U.S. climate locations. Preliminary results indicate that the simulated VRF HP system can reasonably predict the energy performance of the actual VRF HP system and reduce between 15-45% for HVAC site energy uses when compared to a VAV system in U.S. climate locations. The VRF HR system can be used to lower building energy demand and thus achieve NZEB performance effectively in some hot and mild U.S. climate locations.

03315 Zoning, Ductless, and Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780135461914
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis 03315 Zoning, Ductless, and Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : NCCER

Download or read book 03315 Zoning, Ductless, and Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by NCCER and published by . This book was released on 2018-10 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design and Construction

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136411658
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Construction by : Rick Best

Download or read book Design and Construction written by Rick Best and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-06-01 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and construction of buildings is a lengthy and expensive process, and those who commission buildings are continually looking for ways to improve the efficiency of the process. In this book, the second in the Building in Value series, a broad range of topics related to the processes of design and construction are explored by an international group of experts. The overall aim of the book is to look at ways that clients can improve the value for money outcomes of their decisions to construct buildings. The book is aimed at students studying in many areas related to the construction industry including architecture, construction management, civil engineering and quantity surveying, and should also be of interest to many in the industry including project managers, property developers, building contractors and cost engineers.

Building in Value: Pre-Design Issues

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135139059
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Building in Value: Pre-Design Issues by : Rick Best

Download or read book Building in Value: Pre-Design Issues written by Rick Best and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Offers a practical approach to cost-effectiveness. *Provides an introduction to a set of widely applicable decision making tools. *Discusses startegic, financial and construction management techniques.

Climate Appropriate Innovations for Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Appropriate Innovations for Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems by : Omar Siddiqui

Download or read book Climate Appropriate Innovations for Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems written by Omar Siddiqui and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: