Typicality Reasoning in Probability, Physics, and Metaphysics

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031334485
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Typicality Reasoning in Probability, Physics, and Metaphysics by : Dustin Lazarovici

Download or read book Typicality Reasoning in Probability, Physics, and Metaphysics written by Dustin Lazarovici and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive investigation into the concept of typicality and its significance for physics and the philosophy of science. It identifies typicality as a fundamental way of reasoning, central to how natural laws explain and are tested against phenomena. The book discusses various applications of typicality to foundational questions in physics and beyond.These include: a unified interpretation of objective probabilities in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics a detailed discussion of Boltzmann's statistical mechanics, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics a novel account of the asymmetry of causation and the arrow of time Finally, the book turns to the question: "What are laws of nature"? It argues that typicality extends to a powerful way of reasoning in metaphysics that can and should inform our commitments about the fundamental ontology of the world. On this basis, it develops an argument against the Humean best system account, according to which laws of nature are merely an efficient summary of contingent regularities.

Statistics of Extremes

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Author :
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486154483
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistics of Extremes by : E. J. Gumbel

Download or read book Statistics of Extremes written by E. J. Gumbel and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic text covers order statistics and their exceedances; exact distribution of extremes; the 1st asymptotic distribution; uses of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd asymptotes; more. 1958 edition. Includes 44 tables and 97 graphs.

Theory of Probability

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119286298
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Theory of Probability by : Bruno de Finetti

Download or read book Theory of Probability written by Bruno de Finetti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First issued in translation as a two-volume work in 1975, this classic book provides the first complete development of the theory of probability from a subjectivist viewpoint. It proceeds from a detailed discussion of the philosophical mathematical aspects to a detailed mathematical treatment of probability and statistics. De Finetti’s theory of probability is one of the foundations of Bayesian theory. De Finetti stated that probability is nothing but a subjective analysis of the likelihood that something will happen and that that probability does not exist outside the mind. It is the rate at which a person is willing to bet on something happening. This view is directly opposed to the classicist/ frequentist view of the likelihood of a particular outcome of an event, which assumes that the same event could be identically repeated many times over, and the 'probability' of a particular outcome has to do with the fraction of the time that outcome results from the repeated trials.

Chance & Choice

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812560122
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance & Choice by : Kai Lai Chung

Download or read book Chance & Choice written by Kai Lai Chung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with a historical essay entitled “Will the Sun Rise Again?” and ends with a general address entitled “Mathematics and Applications”. The articles cover an interesting range of topics: combinatoric probabilities, classical limit theorems, Markov chains and processes, potential theory, Brownian motion, Schrödinger-Feynman problems, etc. They include many addresses presented at international conferences and special seminars, as well as memorials to and reminiscences of prominent contemporary mathematicians and reviews of their works. Rare old photos of many of them enliven the book.

Chance And Choice: Memorabilia

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814482013
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance And Choice: Memorabilia by : Kai Lai Chung

Download or read book Chance And Choice: Memorabilia written by Kai Lai Chung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-10-29 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with a historical essay entitled “Will the Sun Rise Again?” and ends with a general address entitled “Mathematics and Applications”. The articles cover an interesting range of topics: combinatoric probabilities, classical limit theorems, Markov chains and processes, potential theory, Brownian motion, Schrödinger-Feynman problems, etc. They include many addresses presented at international conferences and special seminars, as well as memorials to and reminiscences of prominent contemporary mathematicians and reviews of their works. Rare old photos of many of them enliven the book.

Risk, Ambiguity and Decision

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136711988
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk, Ambiguity and Decision by : Daniel Ellsberg

Download or read book Risk, Ambiguity and Decision written by Daniel Ellsberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ellsberg elaborates on "Risk, Ambiguity, and the Savage Axioms" and mounts a powerful challenge to the dominant theory of rational decision in this book.

Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319911430
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering by : Adriano Polpo

Download or read book Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering written by Adriano Polpo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings from the 37th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (MaxEnt 2017), held in São Carlos, Brazil, aim to expand the available research on Bayesian methods and promote their application in the scientific community. They gather research from scholars in many different fields who use inductive statistics methods and focus on the foundations of the Bayesian paradigm, their comparison to objectivistic or frequentist statistics counterparts, and their appropriate applications. Interest in the foundations of inductive statistics has been growing with the increasing availability of Bayesian methodological alternatives, and scientists now face much more difficult choices in finding the optimal methods to apply to their problems. By carefully examining and discussing the relevant foundations, the scientific community can avoid applying Bayesian methods on a merely ad hoc basis. For over 35 years, the MaxEnt workshops have explored the use of Bayesian and Maximum Entropy methods in scientific and engineering application contexts. The workshops welcome contributions on all aspects of probabilistic inference, including novel techniques and applications, and work that sheds new light on the foundations of inference. Areas of application in these workshops include astronomy and astrophysics, chemistry, communications theory, cosmology, climate studies, earth science, fluid mechanics, genetics, geophysics, machine learning, materials science, medical imaging, nanoscience, source separation, thermodynamics (equilibrium and non-equilibrium), particle physics, plasma physics, quantum mechanics, robotics, and the social sciences. Bayesian computational techniques such as Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling are also regular topics, as are approximate inferential methods. Foundational issues involving probability theory and information theory, as well as novel applications of inference to illuminate the foundations of physical theories, are also of keen interest.

Probability and Finance

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471461717
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Finance by : Glenn Shafer

Download or read book Probability and Finance written by Glenn Shafer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-25 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a foundation for probability based on game theory rather than measure theory. A strong philosophical approach with practical applications. Presents in-depth coverage of classical probability theory as well as new theory.

Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401576297
Total Pages : 706 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox by : M. Allais

Download or read book Expected Utility Hypotheses and the Allais Paradox written by M. Allais and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utility theory or, value theory in general, is certainly the cornerstone of decision theory, game theory, microecon~mics, and all social and political theories which deal with public decisions. Recently the American School of utility, founded by von N eumann Morgenstern, encountered a far-going criticism by the French School of utility represented by its founder Allais. The whole basis of the theory of decisions involving risk has been shaken and put into question. Consequently, basic research in the fundamentals of utility and value theory evolved into a crisis. Like any crisis in basic research, and this one was not an exception, it was very fruitful. One may simply say: Allais versus von Neumann-Morgenstern, or the French School of utility versus the American School, became one of the battlefields of scientific development which proved to be a most creative source of new advances and new developments in all those sciences which are based on evaluation of utilities.

Inductive Logic

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080931693
Total Pages : 801 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Inductive Logic by : Dov M. Gabbay

Download or read book Inductive Logic written by Dov M. Gabbay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inductive Logic is number ten in the 11-volume Handbook of the History of Logic. While there are many examples were a science split from philosophy and became autonomous (such as physics with Newton and biology with Darwin), and while there are, perhaps, topics that are of exclusively philosophical interest, inductive logic — as this handbook attests — is a research field where philosophers and scientists fruitfully and constructively interact. This handbook covers the rich history of scientific turning points in Inductive Logic, including probability theory and decision theory. Written by leading researchers in the field, both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for senior undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in the history of logic, the history of philosophy, and any discipline, such as mathematics, computer science, cognitive psychology, and artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration. - Chapter on the Port Royal contributions to probability theory and decision theory - Serves as a singular contribution to the intellectual history of the 20th century - Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights

Creating Modern Probability

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316583643
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Creating Modern Probability by : Jan von Plato

Download or read book Creating Modern Probability written by Jan von Plato and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-28 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the only book to chart the history and development of modern probability theory. It shows how in the first thirty years of this century probability theory became a mathematical science. The author also traces the development of probabilistic concepts and theories in statistical and quantum physics. There are chapters dealing with chance phenomena, as well as the main mathematical theories of today, together with their foundational and philosophical problems. Among the theorists whose work is treated at some length are Kolmogorov, von Mises and de Finetti. The principal audience for the book comprises philosophers and historians of science, mathematicians concerned with probability and statistics, and physicists. The book will also interest anyone fascinated by twentieth-century scientific developments because the birth of modern probability is closely tied to the change from a determinist to an indeterminist world-view.

The Origin of the Idea of Chance in Children (Psychology Revivals)

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317661982
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin of the Idea of Chance in Children (Psychology Revivals) by : Jean Piaget

Download or read book The Origin of the Idea of Chance in Children (Psychology Revivals) written by Jean Piaget and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although originally published in France in 1951 this English translation was not published until 1975. The book supplements the authors’ previous publications on the development of thought in the child and is the result of two preoccupations: how thought that is in the process of formation acts to assimilate those aspects of experience that cannot be assimilated deductively – for example, the randomly mixed; and the necessity of discovering how the mental processes work in the totality of spontaneous and experimental searchings that make up what is called the problem of ‘induction’. Induction is a sifting of our experiences to determine what depends on regularity, what on law, and what on chance. The authors examine the formation of the physical aspects of the notion of chance; they study groups of random subjects and of ‘special’ subjects; and they analyse the development of combining operations which contributes to determining the relationship between chance, probability, and the operating mechanisms of the mind.

John Maynard Keynes, Critical Assessment

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 9780415114158
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (141 download)

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Book Synopsis John Maynard Keynes, Critical Assessment by : John Cunningham Wood

Download or read book John Maynard Keynes, Critical Assessment written by John Cunningham Wood and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1994 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Logic of the Plausible and Some of its Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468407422
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of the Plausible and Some of its Applications by : Rene Leclerq

Download or read book The Logic of the Plausible and Some of its Applications written by Rene Leclerq and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: So simple and imperfect as it may appear this book has made use of knowledge on invention and discovery accumu lated during a lifetime. Those persons who would be tempted to emphasize only its imperfections should read the correspondence exchanged between Cantor and Dedekind at the end of the nineteenth century; they would then realize how difficult it was, even for an outstanding man, the creator of the set theory, to propose impeccable results in a completely new field. The field I have chosen here is plausibility. I have proposed an intuitive, some would say a naive, presentation as I want to reach as large an audience as possible and because I personally believe that it is easier to axiomatize a mathematical theory precisely than to dis cover it and enunciate its key theorems. Professor Polya said: "The truly creative mathematician is a good guesser first and a good prover afterward. " For centuries a formalized generalized logic was found necessary and many attempts have been made to build it. vi Preface Mine is based on plausibility which covers with precision a wider field than probability and makes the formalization of analogy and generalization possible. As Laplace said: "Even in the mathematical sciences, our principal instru ments to discover the truth are induction and analogy. "* The examples of application I have chosen are not des cribed in detail.

Keynes: Philosophy, Economics and Politics

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349070270
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Keynes: Philosophy, Economics and Politics by : R.M. O'Donnell

Download or read book Keynes: Philosophy, Economics and Politics written by R.M. O'Donnell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-06-12 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic study contending that the distinctive theory of rationality found at the heart of Keynes' philosophy moulded his economic theorist policy-making, scientific methodology and politics. It aims to resolve his departure from Neoclassical economics to his radical "General Theory".

Understanding Quantum Mechanics

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691221928
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Quantum Mechanics by : Roland Omnès

Download or read book Understanding Quantum Mechanics written by Roland Omnès and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here Roland Omnès offers a clear, up-to-date guide to the conceptual framework of quantum mechanics. In an area that has provoked much philosophical debate, Omnès has achieved high recognition for his Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Princeton 1994), a book for specialists. Now the author has transformed his own theory into a short and readable text that enables beginning students and experienced physicists, mathematicians, and philosophers to form a comprehensive picture of the field while learning about the most recent advances. This new book presents a more streamlined version of the Copenhagen interpretation, showing its logical consistency and completeness. The problem of measurement is a major area of inquiry, with the author surveying its history from Planck to Heisenberg before describing the consistent-histories interpretation. He draws upon the most recent research on the decoherence effect (related to the modern resolution of the famous Schrödinger's cat problem) and an exact formulation of the correspondence between quantum and particle physics (implying a derivation of classical determinism from quantum probabilism). Interpretation is organized with the help of a universal and sound language using so-called consistent histories. As a language and a method, it can now be shown to be free of ambiguity and it makes interpretation much clearer and closer to common sense.

Cognitive Developments in Economics

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134402198
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Developments in Economics by : Salvatore Rizzello

Download or read book Cognitive Developments in Economics written by Salvatore Rizzello and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes an interdisciplinary approach to the study of human problem solving, choice, decision-making and change, to explain economic transactions, and the nature and evolution of organisations and institutions.