Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest

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Author :
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027246564
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest by : Ilaria Fiorentini

Download or read book Vagueness, Ambiguity, and All the Rest written by Ilaria Fiorentini and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2024-10-15 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to address a gap in the existing literature on the relationship between vagueness and ambiguity, as well as on their differences and similarities, both in synchrony and diachrony, and taking into consideration their relation to language use. The book is divided into two parts, which address specific and broader research questions from different perspectives. The former part examines the differences between ambiguity and vagueness from a bird-eye perspective, with a particular focus on their respective functions and roles in language change. It also presents innovative linguistic resources and tools for the study of these phenomena. The second part contains case studies on vagueness and ambiguity in language change and use. It considers different strategies and languages, including English, French, German, Italian, Medieval Latin, and Old Italian. The readership for this volume is broad, encompassing scholars in a range of disciplines, including pragmatics, spoken discourse, conversation analysis, discourse genres (political, commercial, notarial discourse), corpus studies, language change, pragmaticalization, and language typology.

Strategic Indeterminacy in the Law

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190923709
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Indeterminacy in the Law by : David Lanius

Download or read book Strategic Indeterminacy in the Law written by David Lanius and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though indeterminacy in legal texts is pervasive, there is a widespread misunderstanding about what indeterminacy is, particularly as it pertains to law. Legal texts present unique challenges insofar as they address a heterogeneous audience, are applied in a variety of unforeseeable circumstances and must, at the same time, lay down clear and unambiguous standards. Sometimes they fail to do so, however, either by accident or by intention. While many have claimed that indeterminacy facilitates flexibility and can be strategically used, few have recognized that there are more forms of indeterminacy than vagueness and ambiguity. A comprehensive account of legal indeterminacy is thus called for. David Lanius here answers that call and in so doing, addresses three central questions about the role of indeterminacy in the law. First, what are the sources of indeterminacy in law? Second, what effects do the different forms of indeterminacy have? Third, how can and should these forms be intentionally used? Based on a thorough examination of the advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of indeterminacy in the wording of laws, contracts, and verdicts, Lanius argues for the claim that semantic vagueness is less relevant than commonly supposed in the debate, while other forms of indeterminacy (in particular, polysemy and standard-relativity) are mistakenly underrated or even ignored. This misconception is due to a systematic confusion between semantic vagueness and these other forms of indeterminacy. Once it is resolved, the value and functions of linguistic indeterminacy in the law can be clearly shown.

Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Systems

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Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789810224219
Total Pages : 848 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (242 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Systems by : Lotfi Asker Zadeh

Download or read book Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Systems written by Lotfi Asker Zadeh and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of selected papers written by the founder of fuzzy set theory, Lotfi A Zadeh. Since Zadeh is not only the founder of this field, but has also been the principal contributor to its development over the last 30 years, the papers contain virtually all the major ideas in fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy systems in their historical context. Many of the ideas presented in the papers are still open to further development. The book is thus an important resource for anyone interested in the areas of fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy systems, as well as their applications. Moreover, the book is also intended to play a useful role in higher education, as a rich source of supplementary reading in relevant courses and seminars.The book contains a bibliography of all papers published by Zadeh in the period 1949-1995. It also contains an introduction that traces the development of Zadeh's ideas pertaining to fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy systems via his papers. The ideas range from his 1965 seminal idea of the concept of a fuzzy set to ideas reflecting his current interest in computing with words ? a computing in which linguistic expressions are used in place of numbers.Places in the papers, where each idea is presented can easily be found by the reader via the Subject Index.

Words and Other Wonders

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110219123
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Words and Other Wonders by : Dirk Geeraerts

Download or read book Words and Other Wonders written by Dirk Geeraerts and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Linguistics has given a major impetus to the study of semantics and the lexicon. The present volume brings together seventeen previously published papers that testify to the fruitfulness of Cognitive Linguistics for the study of lexical and semantic topics. Spanning the period from the late 1980s to recent years, the collection features a number of papers that may be considered classics within the field of cognitive linguistic lexicology. The papers are grouped in thematic sections. The first section deals with prototypicality as a theoretical and practical model of semantic description. The second section discusses polysemy and criteria for distinguishing between meanings. The third section tackles questions of meaning description beyond the level of words, on the level of idioms and constructions. The following section casts the net even wider, dealing with the cultural aspects of meaning. Moving away from the theoretical and descriptive perspective towards applied concerns, the fifth section looks at lexicography from the point of view of Cognitive Linguistics. The final section has a metatheoretical orientation: it discusses the history and methodology of lexical semantics. Each paper is preceded by a newly written introduction that situates the text against the period in which it was first published, but that also points to further developments, in the author's own research or in Cognitive Linguistics at large. The variety of topics dealt with make this book an excellent introduction to the broad field of lexicological and lexical semantic research.

Computing with Words in Information/Intelligent Systems 1

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Publisher : Physica
ISBN 13 : 3790818739
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Computing with Words in Information/Intelligent Systems 1 by : Lotfi A. Zadeh

Download or read book Computing with Words in Information/Intelligent Systems 1 written by Lotfi A. Zadeh and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These two volumes consIstmg of Foundations and Applications provide the current status of theoretical and empirical developments in "computing with words". In philosophy, the twentieth century is said to be the century of language. This is mainly due to Wittgenstein who said: "The meaning of a word is its use in the language game". "The concept game is a concept with blurred edges". In the first phrase, "the language game" implies the everyday human activity with language, and in the latter, "game" simply implies an ordinary word. Thus, Wittgenstein precisely stated that a word is fuzzy in real life. Unfortunately this idea about a word was not accepted in the conventional science. We had to wait for Zadeh's fuzzy sets theory. Remembering Wittgenstein's statement, we should consider, on the one hand, the concept of "computing with words" from a philosophical point of view. It deeply relates to the everyday use of a word in which the meaning of a word is fuzzy in its nature.

Human and Machine Perception 3

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461513618
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Human and Machine Perception 3 by : Virginio Cantoni

Download or read book Human and Machine Perception 3 written by Virginio Cantoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following are the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Human and Machine Perception held in Palermo, Italy, on June 20 -23, 2000, under the auspices of three Institutions: the Cybernetic and Biophysics Group (GNCB) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) and the two Inter-Department Centers of Cognitive Sciences of Palermo and Pavia University respectively. A broad spectrum of topics are covered in this series, ranging from computer perception to psychology and physiology of perception. The theme of this workshop on Human and Machine Perception was focused on Thinking, Deciding, and Acting. As in the past editions the final goal has been the analysis and the comparison of biological and artificial solutions. The focus of the lectures has been on presenting the state-of-the-art and outlining open questions. In particular, they sought to stress links, suggesting possible synergies between the different cultural areas. The panel discussion has been conceived as a forum for an open debate, briefly introduced by each panelist, and mainly aimed at deeper investigation of the different approaches to perception and strictly related topics. The panelists were asked to prepare a few statements on hot-points as a guide for discussion. These statements were delivered to the participants together with the final program, for a more qualified discussion.

Intelligent Systems and Soft Computing

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540449175
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Intelligent Systems and Soft Computing by : Behnam Azvine

Download or read book Intelligent Systems and Soft Computing written by Behnam Azvine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-12-30 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence has, traditionally focused on solving human-centered problems like natural language processing or common-sense reasoning. On the other hand, for a while now soft computing has been applied successfully in areas like pattern recognition, clustering, or automatic control. The papers in this book explore the possibility of bringing these two areas together. This book is unique in the way it concentrates on building intelligent software systems by combining methods from diverse disciplines, such as fuzzy set theory, neuroscience, agent technology, knowledge discovery, and symbolic artificial intelligence. The first part of the book focuses on foundational aspects and future directions; the second part provides the reader with an overview of recently developed software tools for building flexible intelligent systems; the final section studies developed applications in various fields.

The Dynamics of Judicial Proof

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Publisher : Physica
ISBN 13 : 3790817929
Total Pages : 491 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Judicial Proof by : Marilyn MacCrimmon

Download or read book The Dynamics of Judicial Proof written by Marilyn MacCrimmon and published by Physica. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fact finding in judicial proceedings is a dynamic process. This collection of papers considers whether computational methods or other formal logical methods developed in disciplines such as artificial intelligence, decision theory, and probability theory can facilitate the study and management of dynamic evidentiary and inferential processes in litigation. The papers gathered here have several epicenters, including (i) the dynamics of judicial proof, (ii) the relationship between artificial intelligence or formal analysis and "common sense," (iii) the logic of factual inference, including (a) the relationship between causality and inference and (b) the relationship between language and factual inference, (iv) the logic of discovery, including the role of abduction and serendipity in the process of investigation and proof of factual matters, and (v) the relationship between decision and inference.

Fuzzy Control

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3790818410
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuzzy Control by : Rainer Hampel

Download or read book Fuzzy Control written by Rainer Hampel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-02 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present edited volume is of special importance, and for various reasons. First of all, it is one of the most comprehensive and multifaceted coverage of broadly per ceived fuzzy control in the literature. The editors have succeeded to collect papers from leading scholars and researchers on various subjects related to the topic of the volume. What is relevant and original is that - as opposed to so many volumes on fuzzy control published by virtually all major publishing houses that are strongly technically oriented and covering a narrow spectrum of issues relevant to fuzzy con trol itself - the editors have adopted a more general and far sighted approach. Basically, the perspective assumed in the volume is that though fuzzy control has reached such a level of maturity and implementability that it has become a part of in dustrial practice, science and academic research still have a relevant role to play in this area. One should however take into account that by their very nature, the role of science and academic research is very peculiar and going beyond straightforward ap plications, ad hoc solutions, "quick and dirty" tools and techniques, etc. that are usu ally effective and efficient for solving practical problems. This does not mean that as pects of practical implementations should not be accounted for by scholars and re searchers.

Logic, Thought and Action

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140203167X
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic, Thought and Action by : Daniel Vanderveken

Download or read book Logic, Thought and Action written by Daniel Vanderveken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-23 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume in the series Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science brings a pragmatic perspective to the discussion of the unity of science. Contemporary philosophy and cognitive science increasingly acknowledge the systematic interrelation of language, thought and action. The principal function of language is to enable speakers to communicate their intentions to others, to respond flexibly in a social context and to act cooperatively in the world. This book will contribute to our understanding of this dynamic process by clearly presenting and discussing the most important hypotheses, issues and theories in philosophical and logical study of language, thought and action. Among the fundamental issues discussed are the rationality and freedom of agents, theoretical and practical reasoning, individual and collective attitudes and actions, the nature of cooperation and communication, the construction and conditions of adequacy of scientific theories, propositional contents and their truth conditions, illocutionary force, time, aspect and presupposition in meaning, speech acts within dialogue, the dialogical approach to logic and the structure of dialogues and other language games, as well as formal methods needed in logic or artificial intelligence to account for choice, paradoxes, uncertainty and imprecision. This volume contains major contributions by leading logicians, analytic philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. It will be of interest to graduate students and researchers from philosophy, logic, linguistics, cognitive science and artificial intelligence. There is no comparable survey in the existing literature.

Topics on Vagueness

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Topics on Vagueness by : Bertil Rolf

Download or read book Topics on Vagueness written by Bertil Rolf and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Text Understanding in LILOG

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Text Understanding in LILOG by : Otthein Herzog

Download or read book Text Understanding in LILOG written by Otthein Herzog and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The IBM project LILOG presented in this volume represents a fundamental stepbeyond computer science as hitherto understood. It was a successful project in every respect and has shed light on conjectured basic interrelations between knowledge processing and language definition. Knowledge processing is strongly coupled to the natural language used, and for applied knowledge processing an information base is neededwhich defines the semantic contents and interrelations of the language. The LILOG project was an implementation of an information basein the German language. A set of tools was also developed to work with the system, including structured man-machine interfaces using natural language, inference algorithms, and a complete subsystem to acquire and store the required knowledge. The LILOG project started in 1985 and a functional system was demonstrated in 1991. The project involved approximately 200 of the scientists working in Germany in the fields of computational linguistics, natural language understanding systems, and artificial intelligence. The project proves that a cooperative project between universities and industry can produce useful results both in pure research and in implemented methods and tools."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.

Agreement and Anaphora

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Agreement and Anaphora by : Peter Bosch

Download or read book Agreement and Anaphora written by Peter Bosch and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Papers in Textlinguistics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Papers in Textlinguistics by :

Download or read book Papers in Textlinguistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fuzzy Sets and Applications

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Publisher : Wiley-Interscience
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuzzy Sets and Applications by : Lotfi Asker Zadeh

Download or read book Fuzzy Sets and Applications written by Lotfi Asker Zadeh and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987-05-08 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the most significant papers written by L. A. Zadeh, who in 1965 introduced the concept of a fuzzy set. Fuzzy set theory has become the foundation for the development of the fields of artificial intelligence and expert systems, especially in the applications of knowledge-based systems. As such, Zadeh's work has influenced researchers around the world. Zadeh has cooperated with editors in choosing the papers presented here, and the editors have provided an introduction for each paper. Topics covered include probability measures of fuzzy events, similarity relations and fuzzy orderings, a fuzzy-algorithmic approach to the definition of complex or imprecise concepts, and much more.

Vague Language Explored

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230627420
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Vague Language Explored by : J. Cutting

Download or read book Vague Language Explored written by J. Cutting and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vague language ('bags of time', 'doing stuff', 'and all that') is an aspect of communicative competence of considerable social importance. This book examines its function. It spans genre analysis, critical discourse analysis, psycholinguistics and cross-cultural sociolinguistics, and suggests applications in TEFL and directions for future research.

Artificial Intelligence and Man-Machine Systems

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence and Man-Machine Systems by : Heinz Winter

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and Man-Machine Systems written by Heinz Winter and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: