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Author : Gabriel Pedersen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832524508
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Vaccine delivery and impact on kinetics of immune responses written by Gabriel Pedersen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hiroshi Kiyono
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080537057
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Mucosal Vaccines written by Hiroshi Kiyono and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, authoritative treatise covers all aspects of mucosal vaccines including their development, mechanisms of action, molecular/cellular aspects, and practical applications. The contributing authors and editors of this one-of-a-kind book are very well known in their respective fields. Mucosal Vaccines is organized in a unique format in which basic, clinical, and practical aspects of the mucosal immune system for vaccine development are described and discussed. This project is endorsed by the Society for Mucosal Immunology. Provides the latest views on mucosal vaccines Applies basic principles to the development of new vaccines Links basic, clinical, and practical aspects of mucosal vaccines to different infectious diseases Unique and user-friendly organization
Author : Myungsun Sunny Kang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Optimizing Vaccine Dosing Kinetics for Stronger Antibody Response written by Myungsun Sunny Kang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the barriers to rational vaccine design against evolving pathogens is our lack of mechanistic understanding of how innate and adaptive immune response systematically emerge and evolve. Immune response is comprised of dynamic events that require many components to cooperate collectively in a manner that spans a range of scales. These characteristics make it hard to predict mechanisms for immune response based solely on experimental observations. This thesis investigates various aspects of affinity maturation that are relevant to vaccination and therapeutic strategies but are not yet fully understood mechanistically, ranging from the evolution of the heterogeneity of the antibody population with respect to affinity to optimal design parameters for temporal dosing of vaccines. Our approach is to apply computational techniques to mathematically model the immune system, and being synergistic with complementary experiments. 1. As affinity maturation ensues, average affinity of antibodies increase with time while resulting affinity distribution becomes increasingly heterogeneous. To shed light on how the extent of this heterogeneity evolves with time during affinity maturation, we have taken advantage of previously published data of antibodies isolated from individual serum samples. Using the ratio of the strongest to the weakest binding subsets as a metric of heterogeneity (or affinity inequality), we find that after a single injection of small antigen doses, the ratio decreases progressively over time. This is consistent with Darwinian evolution in the strong selection limit. By contrast, neither the average affinity nor the heterogeneity evolves much with time for high doses of antigen, as competition between clones of the same affinity is minimal. 2. What are the aspects of affinity maturation being altered by various temporal patterns of antigen dosing? Certain extended-duration dosing profiles increase the strength of the humoral response, with exponentially-increasing(EI) dosage providing the greatest enhancement. While this is an exciting result, it is necessary to establish a mechanistic understanding of how immune response be enhanced to further engineer and optimize the temporal patterns. From our computational model, the effect is driven by enhanced capture of antigen in lymph nodes by evolving higher-affinity antibodies early in the GC response. We validate the prediction from independent experimental data, where EI dosage result in promoted capture and retention of the antigen in lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this work is the first to demonstrate a key mechanism for vaccine kinetics in the response of B cells to immunization, and may prove to be an effective method for increasing the efficacy of subunit vaccines. 3. Are there optimal dosing profiles that maximize total protection? That is, lead to the evolution of the most antibodies of high affinity? In extension of mechanistic studies in 2, we propose a stochastic simulation method that can be used as a tool for optimizing dosage protocols for vaccine delivery. Using this tool, we analyze experimental conditions for EI dosage induce suboptimal immune response and investigate two approaches for the optimization. Specifically, reducing the total dosage optimizes affinity of resulting antibodies, while total protection is optimal neither at constant or EI dosage but that corresponding to a "linear-like" dosing profile. Our approach can be extended to broader applications in vaccine design.
Author : Ning Wang
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789845386
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)
Download or read book Immunization written by Ning Wang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunization plays a key role in maintaining human health and each year, saves millions of lives from lethal pathogens and other fatal diseases in the most economical way, thanks to the advanced development of model vaccines. Subunit vaccines are regarded as a safer product than the whole microbe based-conventional vaccines and can be entrapped in various nanocarriers to form a vaccine adjuvant-delivery system (VADS) able to further boost their immunostimulatory activity. In this book, six groups of authors introduce immunization advances in VADSs designed for infection prophylaxis and cancer immunotherapy, problems and their resolution in both human and poultry immunization, and also, the mathematical model for assay of the basic immunization problem (BIP) understood from a finance point of view.
Author : Manmohan Singh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461453801
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Novel Immune Potentiators and Delivery Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines written by Manmohan Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-03 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of new-generation vaccines is now more challenging than ever, as identifying, purifying and evaluating vaccine antigens is a complex undertaking. Most importantly, once the relevant antigens have been identified, key focus then shifts to the development of suitable delivery systems and formulations to achieve maximum in vivo potency with minimum potential side effects. These novel formulations—many of which will be nanoparticulates—can deliver the antigens to the desired site, to the relevant antigen presenting cells, and prevent systemic exposure of the immune potentiators. The proposed book will outline all the critical steps that need to be considered for successful development of various types of nanoparticulate delivery systems for vaccine antigens. These contributions from leading experts in the area of vaccine formulation and delivery systems will tie in what is the most current status, including clinical evaluations with these novel vaccine technologies.
Author : Camilla Foged
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493914170
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)
Download or read book Subunit Vaccine Delivery written by Camilla Foged and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-22 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume compiles the concepts essential for the understanding of the pharmaceutical science and technology associated with the delivery of subunit vaccines. Twenty-one chapters are divided into four main parts: (I) Background; (2) Delivery Systems for Subunit Vaccines; (3) Delivery Routes, Devices and Dosage Forms; and (4) Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Control of Vaccines. Part one provide a basic background with respect to immunology and general vaccine classification. In part two, it presents representative types of vaccine delivery systems individually with focus on the physicochemical properties of the systems and their significance for the immune response they stimulate. These delivery systems include aluminum adjuvants, emulsions, liposomes, bilosomes, cubosomes/hexosomes, ISCOMs, virus-like particles, polymeric nano- and microparticles, gels, implants and cell-based delivery systems. Following these chapters, part three addresses the challenges associated with vaccine delivery via specific routes of administration—in particular subcutaneous, intramuscular, oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal and vaginal administration. Furthermore, the specific administration routes are discussed in combination with device technologies relevant for the respective routes as well as dosage forms appropriate for the device technology. Finally, the fourth part concerns pharmaceutical analysis and quality control of subunit vaccines.
Author : Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461491649
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience written by Ijeoma F. Uchegbu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscience or the science of the very small offers the pharmaceutical scientist a wealth of opportunities. By fabricating at the nanoscale, it is possible to exert unprecedented control on drug activity. This textbook will showcase a variety of nanosystems working from their design and construction to their application in the field of drug delivery. The book is intended for graduate students in drug delivery, physical and polymer chemistry, and applied pharmaceutical sciences courses that involve fundamental nanoscience. The purpose of the text is to present physicochemical and biomedical properties of synthetic polymers with an emphasis on their application in polymer therapeutics i.e., pharmaceutical nanosystems, drug delivery and biological performance. There are two main objectives of this text. The first is to provide advanced graduate students with knowledge of the principles of nanosystems and polymer science including synthesis, structure, and characterization of solution and solid state properties. The second is to describe the fundamentals of therapeutic applications of polymers in drug delivery, targeting, response modifiers as well as regulatory issues. The courses, often listed as Advanced Drug Delivery and Applied Pharmaceutics; Polymer Therapeutics; or Nanomedicine, are designed as an overview of the field specifically for graduate students in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Programs. However, the course content may also be of interest for graduate students in related biomedical research programs. These courses generally include a discussion of the major principles of polymer science and fundamental concepts of application of polymers as modern therapeutics. All courses are moving away from the above mentioned course names and going by ‘pharmaceutical nanoscience or nanosystems’. This area of research and technology development has attracted tremendous attention during the last two decades and it is expected that it will continue to grow in importance. However, the area is just emerging and courses are limited but they are offered.
Author : Virgil Schijns
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080457215
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines written by Virgil Schijns and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines provides an in-depth insight and overview of a number of most promising immunopotentiators in modern vaccines. In contrast to existing books on the subject it provides recent data on the critical mechanisms governing the activity of vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Knowledge of immunological pathways and scenarios of the cells and molecules involved is described and depicted in comprehensive illustrations. Contributions from leading international authorities in the field Well-illustrated, informative figures present the interactions between immunopotentiators and the host immune system Each chapter lists advantages and potential hurdles for achieving a practical application for the specific immunopentiator
Author : Daan J. A. Crommelin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415285018
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Daan J. A. Crommelin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-14 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of pharmaceutical biotechnology is evolving rapidly. A whole new arsenal of protein pharmaceuticals is being produced by recombinant techniques for cancer, viral infections, cardiovascular and hereditary disorders, and other diseases. In addition, scientists are confronted with new technologies such as polymerase chain reactions, combinatorial chemistry and gene therapy. This introductory textbook provides extensive coverage of both the basic science and the applications of biotechnology-produced pharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on their clinical use. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology serves as a complete one-stop source for undergraduate pharmacists, and it is valuable for researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry as well.
Author : G. L. Ada
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Vaccines, Vaccination, and the Immune Response written by G. L. Ada and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1997 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews current work on new vaccines and defines the key immunological principles that govern vaccine development. The opening section describes current vaccines and those in late-stage clinical trials, surveys national and international immunization programmes and highlights future needs and opportunities in vaccine development. A major portion of the text examines the innate and adaptive immune systems, the roles of different immune responses in combatting infection, the mechanisms by which infectious agents invade or subvert immune responses and the most effective ways of enhancing or selectively inducing different immune responses. The authors also discuss vaccine design, including peptide-based vaccines, rDNA technology, genetic (DNA) preparations and methods for producing vaccine perparations in plants. The final section explores the prospects of immunotherapy for tumours, autoimmune diseases and fertility control.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309169887
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Immunization Safety Review written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-02 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By two years of age, healthy infants in the United States can receive up to 20 vaccinations to protect against 11 diseases. Although most people know that vaccines effectively protect against serious infectious diseases, approximately one-quarter of parents in a recent survey believe that infants get more vaccines than are good for them, and that too many immunizations could overwhelm an infant's immune system. The Immunization Safety Review Committee reviewed the evidence regarding the hypothesis that multiple immunizations increase the risk for immune dysfunction. Specifically, the committee looked at evidence of potential biological mechanisms and at epidemiological evidence for or against causality related to risk for infections, the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes, and allergic disorders.
Author : Melanie Rose Neeland
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Characterising the Immune Response to Liposomal Adjuvant Formulations written by Melanie Rose Neeland and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the remarkable success of vaccination, there are a range of human and veterinary diseases that are in need of new vaccines. The rational design of vaccines against these diseases relies on increased understanding of the immunological mechanisms that contribute to vaccine immunity, the development of novel vaccine delivery systems and the characterisation of immune stimulants that are able to increase vaccine efficacy. Vaccine formulations incorporating stimulants that target innate immune receptors have been shown to significantly increase vaccine induced immunity. When incorporated into liposome-based delivery systems, the TLR ligands CpG and poly(I:C) are able to induce protective, long lasting cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. However, the cellular targets of these liposomal adjuvant formulations and the in vivo mechanisms of immune induction remain to be elucidated.The early immune response to vaccination is characterised by activation of cells present at the injection site and their subsequent migration to the local lymph node via the afferent lymphatics. The immunological signals received by innate cells at the peripheral injection site are conveyed to lymphocytes in the local lymph node, leading to the generation of an adaptive immune response where antigen specific lymphocytes emigrate via the efferent lymphatics to perform their tailored effector function. Examination of the afferent and efferent lymphatic compartments during the innate and adaptive phases of an immune response permits the quantification and characterisation of the in vivo biological mechanisms triggered following vaccination. By directly cannulating the ovine lymphatic vessels, the results of this thesis demonstrate that the addition of poly(I:C) or CpG to a liposomal vaccine formulation enhances the immediate inflammatory response at the site of injection, improves antigen uptake by innate cell populations and induces genetic signatures associated with interferon-mediated antiviral immune responses in afferent lymph. The liposomal adjuvant formulations also increased the production of antigen-specific antibodies in the circulation following vaccine challenge. The results additionally show that CpG and poly(I:C) target distinct pathways in afferent lymph to induce their immunological effects, where CpG uniquely increased dendritic-cell associated antigen transport and induced the maturation of monocytes and dendritic cells 72h after injection. CpG also induced the persistence of gene programs involved in cell migration, intracellular DNA sensing and cytotoxic immunity in afferent lymph at this time point. These immunological effects were not observed with liposomal poly(I:C) or liposomes alone. This further translated into an extended period of lymph node cell shut down, the induction of IFN[gamma] positive T cells in efferent lymph and enhanced production of antigen-specific antibodies after injection of liposomal CpG when compared to liposomal poly(I:C) and liposomes alone. The development of a preliminary mathematical model of DC trafficking and T cell activation in the local lymph node showed that all liposomal formulations induce a sufficient number of antigen positive DCs to scan the T cell receptor repertoire and that the adjuvanted formulations induce at least a four-fold excess of antigen positive DCs than required. This model was further utilised to simulate the effect of reducing antigen dose, revealing the optimal number of antigen positive DCs entering the lymph node for an effective immune response and the contribution of DC migration kinetics on vaccine efficacy. The work presented within this thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the real time in vivo kinetics of cell migration, antigen uptake and gene expression induced by the innate adjuvants poly(I:C) and CpG when incorporated into a liposome-based delivery system. The results demonstrate that liposomal vaccine formulations require the addition of adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity and that poly(I:C) and CpG target distinct pathways in the lymphatic system to induce their immunological effects. This work quantifies the immunological signals that connect the peripheral injection site with the local draining lymph node, revealing that the cellular and transcriptional immune response induced by adjuvants at the site of injection influences adaptive and memory immune outcomes. Collectively, this body of research enhances our understanding of the complex immune response to vaccination and quantifies the in vivo immune mechanisms induced following injection with liposomal adjuvant formulations in a vaccination setting comparable to that administered to humans.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309174988
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Vaccines for the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-21 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.
Author : Cristina Bruno
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (955 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Vaccine Adjuvants and Formulation in Modulating Immune Responses written by Cristina Bruno and published by . This book was released on 2015* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. E. W. Wolstenholme
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470717688
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Immunopotentiation written by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.
Author : Robert E. Rhoads
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493936236
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (362 download)
Download or read book Synthetic mRNA written by Robert E. Rhoads and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-05-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents detailed laboratory protocols for in vitro synthesis of mRNA with favorable properties, its introduction into cells by a variety of techniques, and the measurement of physiological and clinical consequences such as protein replacement and cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic techniques are described for structural features in mRNA that provide investigational tools such as fluorescence emission, click chemistry, photo-chemical crosslinking, and that produce mRNA with increased stability in the cell, increased translational efficiency, and reduced activation of the innate immune response. Protocols are described for clinical applications such as large-scale transfection of dendritic cells, production of GMP-grade mRNA, redirecting T cell specificity, and use of molecular adjuvants for RNA vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Synthetic mRNA: Production, Introduction into Cells, and Physiological Consequences is a valuable and cutting-edge resource for both laboratory investigators and clinicians interested in this powerful and rapidly evolving technology.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309220424
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.
