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Utilisation Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches For Kraft Paper Production
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Book Synopsis Utilisation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Kraft Paper Production by : P. Guritno
Download or read book Utilisation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Kraft Paper Production written by P. Guritno and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are available throughout the year at a large amount and are still not well utilised. In this experiment a blending of EFB and Pinus merkusii was used as a raw material for kraft paper production on a laboratory scale. A 10, 20,30, or 40 % Pinus merkusii was substituted with EFB. The blended materials were then pulped by the sulfate process with an active alkali of 17%. The results showed that with up to 30% substitution, the handsheet physical and mechanical properties did not show any significant differences from those of handsheets from 100% Pinus merkusii. [Authors' abstract].
Book Synopsis Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper by : Pratima Bajpai
Download or read book Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper written by Pratima Bajpai and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementing Cleaner Production in the pulp and paper industry The large—and still growing—pulp and paper industry is a capital- and resource-intensive industry that contributes to many environmental problems, including global warming, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, nutrification, and solid wastes. This important reference for professionals in the pulp and paper industry details how to improve manufacturing processes that not only cut down on the emission of pollutants but also increase productivity and decrease costs. Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper guides professionals in the pulp and paper industry to implement the internationally recognized process of Cleaner Production (CP). It provides updated information on CP measures in: Raw material storage and preparation Pulping processes (Kraft, Sulphite, and Mechanical) Bleaching, recovery, and papermaking Emission treatment and recycled fiber processing In addition, the book includes a discussion on recent cleaner technologies and their implementation status and benefits in the pulp and paper industry. Covering every aspect of pulping and papermaking essential to the subject of reducing pollution, this is a must-have for paper and bioprocess engineers, environmental engineers, and corporations in the forest products industry.
Download or read book JIRCAS Working Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Download or read book Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural biomass is abundant worldwide and it can be considered as alternative source of renewable and sustainable materials which can be used as potential materials for different applications. Despite this enormous production of agricultural biomass, only a small fraction of the total biomass is utilized for different applications. Industry must be prepared to take advantage of the situation and utilize the available biomass in the best possible manner. Agricultural biomass such as natural fibres has been successfully investigated as a great potential to be used as a renewable and sustainable materials for the production of composite materials. Natural fibres offer excellent specific properties and have potential as outstanding reinforcing fillers in the matrix and can be used as an alternative material for biocomposites, hybrid composites, pulp, and paper industries. Natural fibre based polymer composites made of jute, oil palm, flex, hemp, kenaf have a low market cost, attractive with respect to global sustainability and find increasing commercial use in different applications. Agricultural biomass based composites find applications in a number of fields viz., automotive industry and construction industry. Future research on agricultural biomass-natural fibre based composites should not only be limited to its automotive applications but can be explored for its application in aircraft components, construction industry, rural housing and biomedical applications. In this book we will cover the chemical, physical, thermal, electrical, and biodegradability properties of agricultural biomass based composite materials and its different potential applications. The main goal of this volume is to familiarize researchers, scientists and engineers with the unique research opportunities and potentials of agricultural biomass based materials. Up-to-date information on alternative biomass utilization Academic and industry leaders discuss unique properties of biomass based composite materials Direct application of agricultural biomass materials as sustainable and renewable alternatives
Download or read book Elaeis guineensis written by Hesam Kamyab and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-03-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil biomass is constantly produced in large quantities throughout the world as a waste product of the vast palm oil plantations. Biomass from the palm oil industry has been converted into value-added products to a limited extent via thermochemical, chemical, physical, and biochemical conversion routes. However, a significant amount of biomass, such as OPF and OPT, is still left in plantations. A pragmatic approach to converting them to value-added products will not only result in a cleaner environment but also generate significant revenue for the government. It is also suggested that more attention be paid to bioproducts in order to present them in an appealing form to end-users, thereby encouraging good patronage.
Book Synopsis Biomass Utilization in Tropical Asia by : Tomoko Sugimoto
Download or read book Biomass Utilization in Tropical Asia written by Tomoko Sugimoto and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book JIRCAS 国際農業研究情報 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Chemical Compositions and Beating Time on the Production of Cellulosic Packaging Materials (PULP) Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by : Nor Adiella Mohd Kamarudin
Download or read book The Effect of Chemical Compositions and Beating Time on the Production of Cellulosic Packaging Materials (PULP) Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) written by Nor Adiella Mohd Kamarudin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In palm oil mill processing, the waste product from palm oil mill was identified consists of oil palm trunks (OPT), oil palm fronds (OPD), empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm pressed fibers (PPF) and palm kernel shells. Follow Prasertsan, during palm oil processing, more than 70% by weight of fresh fruit bunches were left over as a waste. Analysts estimate that processing of palm oil mill yield 17 million tones of empty fruit bunches per year. Researcher believed that empty fruit bunches has potential as packaging product since its content high cellulose. Due to high user of non-degradable packaging, government put the full effort to find the alternative ways to reduce the use of non-degradable packaging. Empty fruit bunches was see as an alternative to make degradable packaging product. In order to make packaging product from empty fruit bunch, soda antraquinone (soda AQ) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as chemical pulping because this chemical pulping will produce the better properties of pulp to make the packaging product. Sample of pulp was made at different soda composition and at different time of beating process in order to get optimum condition of properties of packaging product. After the best sample was selected, the standard physical testing was carried out. The study shows that beating effect and different composition of soda produces pulp at different fiber morphology, strength and packaging properties.
Download or read book JARQ. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) ,Äì Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking by : Akpan Noah
Download or read book Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) ,Äì Alternative Fibre Source for Papermaking written by Akpan Noah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) is one of the most economical perennial oil crops for its valuable oil-producing fruits in tropical regions such as West Africa and South-East Asia. During oil extraction process, these fruits are usually stripped from the fruit bunches leaving behind empty bunches to be discarded as residues. Thus, empty fruit bunches (EFB) of Elaeis guineensis are usually considered as waste in the oil palm industry. The abundance of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has created enormous environmental issue, ranging from fouling, attraction of pests, greenhouse gas emissions to soil acidification, thus posing very serious threats to humans and the environment. Globally, in 2014 alone, over 22.4 million tons of EFB were estimated to have been produced. Therefore, exploring eco-friendly disposal methods and productive utilisation of oil palm EFB as alternative fibrous material for papermaking becomes imperative in converting waste to wealth, and initiating environmental wellness. Elaeis guineensis empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre on the average measures 0.99¬†Œom in length, while the fibre diameter and cell wall thickness are 19.1¬†Œom and 3.38¬†Œom respectively. Fibres of EFB are of ligno-cellulosic materials, consisting on the average of an estimated cellulosic content of 30,Äì50%, 15,Äì35% of hemicelluloses and the lignin constituting about 20,Äì30% of extractive-free fibre. The rich cellulose base of EFB fibre makes Elaeis guineensis a good potential resource for papermaking furnish moreso that the pulp and paper industry is often referred to as the cellulose industry. Every 5 tons of EFB gives 1 ton of pulp for papermaking. This book chapter will therefore attempt to examine the fibre morphological characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch, the chemical properties of EFB fibre, papermaking potentials of empty fruit bunches and ultimately their impact on the environment.
Book Synopsis Biomass and Bioenergy by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.
Book Synopsis Oil Palm and the Environment by : Gurmit Singh
Download or read book Oil Palm and the Environment written by Gurmit Singh and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Social impacts of oil palm in Indonesia by : Tania Murray Li
Download or read book Social impacts of oil palm in Indonesia written by Tania Murray Li and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil palm plantations and smallholdings are expanding massively in Indonesia. Proponents highlight the potential for job creation and poverty alleviation, but scholars are more cautious, noting that social impacts of oil palm are not well understood. This report draws upon primary research in West Kalimantan to explore the gendered dynamics of oil palm among smallholders and plantation workers. It concludes that the social and economic benefits of oil palm are real, but restricted to particular social groups. Among smallholders in the research area, couples who were able to sustain diverse farming systems and add oil palm to their repertoire benefited more than transmigrants, who had to survive on limited incomes from a 2-ha plot.
Book Synopsis Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) as an Alternative Cellulosic Material for Brown Paper Production by : Mohd Ashriq Muzzammil Bahari
Download or read book Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) as an Alternative Cellulosic Material for Brown Paper Production written by Mohd Ashriq Muzzammil Bahari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The total estimated amount of available biomass from 1997 to 2000 for oil palm trunks (OPT), fronds (OPF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB) respectively are 4.34, 2.99, and 3.08 million tonnes per annum dry weight. The demand for pulp and paper products within Malaysia continues to grow at a considerable rate around 4 per cent per annum, and the trend expected to continue into the next decade. The research has indicated that the chemical composition of OPT fibers lie between that of hardwoods and that of softwoods material. Chemical pulping was used for pulping process because it produced pulp and paper of better properties than mechanical pulping. In this study, the beating effect of Soda-AQ pulp in term of fiber morphology, and mechanical properties such tensile, burst and tear indices was investigated. The pulp was beaten by using PFI Mill at five degree of beating; 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. Hand-sheets were made from pulp samples taken at different times during the beating process and standard physical test were carried out. The fiber length decrease and fines were produced with the increasing of degree of beating. The soda pulp also gives the effect on drainage time which is increasing with the degree of beating. The content stock freeness (CSF) is decrease with the degree of beating cause of increasing the surface area to absorb water of fine fiber. The high degrees of beating give the strength paper which showed in tear, burst and tensile indices. The study showed that OPT pulp has a long fiber that can be used as a reinforcement component in paper production and become value-added products.
Book Synopsis Planet Palm by : Jocelyn C. Zuckerman
Download or read book Planet Palm written by Jocelyn C. Zuckerman and published by The New Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist, Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence in Journalism In the tradition of Eric Schlosser's Fast Food Nation, a groundbreaking global investigation into the industry ravaging the environment and global health—from the James Beard Award–winning journalist Over the past few decades, palm oil has seeped into every corner of our lives. Worldwide, palm oil production has nearly doubled in just the last decade: oil-palm plantations now cover an area nearly the size of New Zealand, and some form of the commodity lurks in half the products on U.S. grocery shelves. But the palm oil revolution has been built on stolen land and slave labor; it’s swept away cultures and so devastated the landscapes of Southeast Asia that iconic animals now teeter on the brink of extinction. Fires lit to clear the way for plantations spew carbon emissions to rival those of industrialized nations. James Beard Award–winning journalist Jocelyn C. Zuckerman spent years traveling the globe, from Liberia to Indonesia, India to Brazil, reporting on the human and environmental impacts of this poorly understood plant. The result is Planet Palm, a riveting account blending history, science, politics, and food as seen through the people whose lives have been upended by this hidden ingredient. This groundbreaking work of first-rate journalism compels us to examine the connections between the choices we make at the grocery store and a planet under siege.
Book Synopsis Sugarcane-based Biofuels and Bioproducts by : Ian O'Hara
Download or read book Sugarcane-based Biofuels and Bioproducts written by Ian O'Hara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-16 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugarcane has garnered much interest for its potential as a viable renewable energy crop. While the use of sugar juice for ethanol production has been in practice for years, a new focus on using the fibrous co-product known as bagasse for producing renewable fuels and bio-based chemicals is growing in interest. The success of these efforts, and the development of new varieties of energy canes, could greatly increase the use of sugarcane and sugarcane biomass for fuels while enhancing industry sustainability and competitiveness. Sugarcane-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts examines the development of a suite of established and developing biofuels and other renewable products derived from sugarcane and sugarcane-based co-products, such as bagasse. Chapters provide broad-ranging coverage of sugarcane biology, biotechnological advances, and breakthroughs in production and processing techniques. This text brings together essential information regarding the development and utilization of new fuels and bioproducts derived from sugarcane. Authored by experts in the field, Sugarcane-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts is an invaluable resource for researchers studying biofuels, sugarcane, and plant biotechnology as well as sugar and biofuels industry personnel.
Book Synopsis Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass by : Keat Teong Lee
Download or read book Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass written by Keat Teong Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates and discusses the main sustainability challenges encountered in the production of biofuel and bio-products from oil palm biomass. It starts off with the emphasis on oil palm production, oil palm products recovery and oil palm wastes utilization. The simultaneous production of these bio-products for sustainable development is discussed. This is followed by the key factors defining the sustainability of biofuel and bio-product production from oil palm biomass. The environmental issues including ecological, life cycle assessment and environmental impact assessment of oil palm plantation, milling and refining for the production of biofuels and bio-products are presented. Socio-economic and thermodynamic analysis of the production processes are also evaluated using various sustainability assessment tools such as exergy. Lastly, methods of improving biofuel production systems for sustainable development are highlighted.
