Using Genetic Tools To Inform Management And Study Local Adaptation In Pacific Salmon

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Using Genetic Tools to Inform Management and Study Local Adaptation in Pacific Salmon

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Author : Wesley Alan Larson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)

Book Synopsis Using Genetic Tools to Inform Management and Study Local Adaptation in Pacific Salmon by : Wesley Alan Larson

Download or read book Using Genetic Tools to Inform Management and Study Local Adaptation in Pacific Salmon written by Wesley Alan Larson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic analysis represents a powerful tool for informing management and studying adaptation in wild populations. For example, genetic tools can be used to delineate conservation units, assign individuals of unknown ancestry back to their populations of origin, and identify genes that are important for local adaptation. The overall goal of my thesis was to apply genetic tools to improve population-specific management and identify the genetic basis of local adaptation in Pacific salmon. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) return to their natal spawning habitats with high fidelity, promoting the formation of distinct populations that are highly adapted to their local environment. Pacific salmon are also an extremely important economic, cultural, and subsistence resource. These characteristics make Pacific salmon ideal candidates for population-specific management and facilitate the study of local adaptation. My dissertation consists of six chapters divided into two major themes. The first three chapters focus on applied research questions aimed at developing and utilizing genetic tools to improve management of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and the last three chapters focus on understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). In chapter one, we used an existing genetic baseline to elucidate the migration patterns of Chinook salmon in the marine environment. Chapters two and three explored the use of genomics in a management context, applying data from thousands of genetic markers to develop novel resources that will aid in the conservation of Chinook salmon from western Alaska. For chapter four, we investigated patterns of selection at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in populations of sockeye salmon from the Wood River basin in southwestern Alaska. In chapter five, we constructed a genetic linkage map and conducted QTL analysis in five families of sockeye salmon. Finally, in chapter six we merged the linkage map with population data to study the genomic basis of adaptive divergence among three ecotypes of sockeye salmon from the Wood River basin. Taken together, these studies highlight the utility of genetic tools, especially genomics, for improving management and studying local adaptation in Pacific salmon.

Microevolution, Local Adaptation, and Demography in Wild Populations of Pacific Salmon

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Author : Jocelyn Lin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (821 download)

Book Synopsis Microevolution, Local Adaptation, and Demography in Wild Populations of Pacific Salmon by : Jocelyn Lin

Download or read book Microevolution, Local Adaptation, and Demography in Wild Populations of Pacific Salmon written by Jocelyn Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing scientific interest in empirically linking evolution to ecology, particularly in wild populations. Although evolutionary change is often thought to proceed slowly, the microevolutionary forces of selection, gene flow, genetic drift and inbreeding can have pronounced effects on genetic variation even on short time scales. These genetic changes may then influence local adaptation and demography. The overarching aim of this dissertation was to estimate levels of gene flow and selection in wild populations, and to assess how microevolutionary change might affect local adaptation and population dynamics within these populations. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are an ideal model organism for studying natural patterns of microevolution and local adaptation. First there is high phenotypic variation within the species, and spawning fish can be sampled comprehensively by capturing adults when they return to freshwater from the ocean. Second, salmon form reproductively isolated spawning populations due to natal homing, but these populations can be genetically and demographically connected via straying. Third, salmon are of ecological and commercial interest, making our findings relevant to population management. This dissertation investigated ecology and evolution in salmon as follows. In Chapter 1, we examined patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation between adjacent populations of beach and stream spawning ecotypes of sockeye salmon, and assessed potential levels of gene flow between ecotypes. The objective of Chapter 2 was to determine whether small populations of Chinook and chum salmon occurring in the Wood River system are reproductively isolated, self-sustaining populations, population sinks that produce returning adults but receive immigration, or strays from other systems that do not produce returning adults. In Chapter 3 we re-constructed pedigrees for two wild populations of sockeye salmon to estimate natural selection and heritability for several phenotypic traits. For Chapter 4, we used empirical results from the first three chapters to develop a stochastic, individual-based model that we used to study effects of gene flow and selection on local adaptation and population dynamics in interconnected salmon populations. Taken together, these studies showed how gene flow and selection affect local adaptation and demography in wild salmon populations.

Effectiveness of Managed Gene Flow to Reduce Genetic and Phenotypic Change Associated with Captive Breeding of Chinook Salmon

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Author : Charles D. Waters
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Managed Gene Flow to Reduce Genetic and Phenotypic Change Associated with Captive Breeding of Chinook Salmon by : Charles D. Waters

Download or read book Effectiveness of Managed Gene Flow to Reduce Genetic and Phenotypic Change Associated with Captive Breeding of Chinook Salmon written by Charles D. Waters and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Captive breeding programs can rebuild depressed populations and aid in the recovery of threatened or endangered species. However, associated genetic and phenotypic changes may decrease the fitness of captive individuals when they are released into the wild and thus reduce restoration success. Genetic changes include loss of genetic diversity and divergence from the wild population, inbreeding, and adaptation to captivity, while changes in fitness traits, which affect both individual reproductive success and population productivity and resilience, may arise from genetic factors and differences between the captive and natural environments. Incorporating wild individuals as broodstock in captive breeding programs, which we refer to here as managed gene flow, is one strategy that may mitigate these potential risks. While this approach has been widely adopted in salmon hatchery management throughout the Pacific Northwest, it has not been empirically tested in a comparative framework over multiple generations. This dissertation characterizes genetic and phenotypic changes associated with captive breeding using novel genome-wide approaches and explicitly tests the effectiveness of managed gene flow to minimize these changes using two hatchery populations of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The hatchery populations were derived from the same wild population but are now managed as separate lines, one integrated with (i.e. managed gene flow) and one segregated from (i.e. no gene flow) the source stock, and thus provide an ideal system for comparing the two alternative management strategies. I used genomic and phenotypic data spanning five generations to examine the two hatchery populations across a range of measures. This dissertation research encompassed a broad perspective to characterize multiple genetic risks of captive breeeding using novel genomic approaches, to link these risks to important fitness traits that were measured in adults, and to demonstrate that managed gene flow successfully mitigated potential adverse effects across four generations. By comparing two alternative management strategies, the study provides insight into the range of outcomes that may occur in captive breeding programs, which is highly relevant to risk assessment in realistic scenarios. Further, the results provide molecular tools to better monitor genetic change in hatchery and wild populations of salmon and further inform "best practices" in hatchery management to support declining wild populations. The findings also lay the foundation for future researche efforts.

Environmental, Biological, and Genetic Factors Influencing Local Adaptation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) in Auke Creek, Alaska

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Author : Christopher V. Manhard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (948 download)

Book Synopsis Environmental, Biological, and Genetic Factors Influencing Local Adaptation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) in Auke Creek, Alaska by : Christopher V. Manhard

Download or read book Environmental, Biological, and Genetic Factors Influencing Local Adaptation of Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha) in Auke Creek, Alaska written by Christopher V. Manhard and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon form distinct, locally adapted populations because of the spatial and temporal precision with which they home to their natal streams. Local adaptation is recognized as an important component underlying the productivity and sustainability of salmonid populations, yet there remains uncertainty of the scale at which it occurs. This uncertainty was addressed by analysis of demographic, genetic, and experimental data collected from seasonally structured brood lines of Pink Salmon that spawn in Auke Creek, Alaska. An extensive background of research on this system has indicated that the timing of the adult and juvenile migrations is closely aligned with fitness and productivity in this stream; this background provided a framework for synthesizing the results of the analyses to address these questions: (1) What ecological factors influence productivity of the freshwater and marine life history stages; (2) Do these factors suggest a mechanism for evolution of migration time; (3) What are the consequences of disrupting fine-scale local adaptation of migration time? Freshwater productivity appeared to be influenced primarily by competition for spawning habitat, rather than variability in environmental conditions. Marine productivity, conversely, was associated with physical processes that influence survival of juveniles in the nearshore environment. Consistent with these findings, genetic evolution of earlier migration time, which was observed in both adults and juveniles over two generations, appeared to be driven by earlier vernal warming of the nearshore environment. Despite these environmental changes and resulting selection against late migrating fish, recruitment to Auke Creek has remained stable, thereby indicating that seasonal structure of migration time has supported sustained productivity in a changing climate. Experimental relaxation of natural barriers to gene flow that maintain the seasonal structure resulted in intermediate adult migration times in two generations of hybrid fish. These patterns were consistent with an additive genetic basis for migration time and suggest that ecological outbreeding depression is a post-zygotic mechanism that maintains adaptive variation of migration time in Auke Creek. Collectively, these results provide evidence that fine-scale local adaptation can enhance productivity of salmonid populations while providing resilience to climate change.

Salmon in California

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Author : Joe Holmberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

Book Synopsis Salmon in California by : Joe Holmberg

Download or read book Salmon in California written by Joe Holmberg and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Local Adaptation, Dispersal, and Gene Flow in a Metapopulation of Sockeye Salmon

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Author : Daniel Alexander Peterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (874 download)

Book Synopsis Local Adaptation, Dispersal, and Gene Flow in a Metapopulation of Sockeye Salmon by : Daniel Alexander Peterson

Download or read book Local Adaptation, Dispersal, and Gene Flow in a Metapopulation of Sockeye Salmon written by Daniel Alexander Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene flow within a metapopulation depends on the reproductive success of dispersers after immigration, but few empirical studies have measured the reproductive contributions of dispersers from distinct natal populations. The local adaptation frequently observed within metapopulations of anadromous salmonids could exert strong selection against immigrants with phenotypes adapted to ecologically distinct habitats. Used was genetic parentage analysis to directly measure the reproductive success of dispersers from multiple natal habitats relative to philopatric individuals within a group of geographically proximate but ecologically and genetically distinct subpopulations of stream- and beach-spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Results indicate that dispersers between stream-spawning populations and philopatric individuals experienced similar reproductive success, while immigrants from the beach habitat to the streams produced fewer returning adult offspring than either philopatric individuals or stream-to-stream dispersers. The difference in reproductive contribution between beach-to-stream dispersers and the other two dispersal categories was estimated to be one returning adult offspring per individual. Thus, the difference in reproductive success of dispersers between habitat types represents a strong barrier to gene flow between these sockeye salmon ecotypes. Experimental and observational studies of the homing and spawning behavior of hatchery-raised salmon have indicated that their search for high-quality spawning habitat can overcome their homing tendency. Nevertheless, the extent to which dispersal between populations is motivated by habitat selection versus navigational errors during the homing process is not well understood, especially in wild populations. Examined were whether dispersing individuals exhibited more exploratory behavior than philopatric individuals within a metapopulation of wild sockeye salmon, which would suggest that dispersal may be influenced by comparisons between potential spawning areas. The daily locations of all adult salmon spawning in two proximate streams were tracked and determined the dispersal status for each individual by comparing its chosen spawning stream with that of its parents (as determined by genetic parentage reconstruction). Dispersers were often observed in their natal stream (8-11% of individuals) or at its mouth (29-58% of individuals) before spawning in the other stream, whereas philopatric individuals were rarely observed in their non-natal stream (0-2% of individuals) or at its mouth (1-7% of individuals). These results suggest either that the mechanism of dispersal encourages exploration or that individuals that explore are more likely to disperse. In either case, dispersers are exposed to multiple spawning habitats, potentially allowing annual variation in local environmental or demographic conditions to influence the patterns of gene flow within a metapopulation.

Spatio-temporal Genetic Structure, Effective Population Size, and Parentage Simulations from Contemporary Genetic Samples and Historic Demographic Data of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) in Auke Lake, Alaska

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Author : Patrick D. Barry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

Book Synopsis Spatio-temporal Genetic Structure, Effective Population Size, and Parentage Simulations from Contemporary Genetic Samples and Historic Demographic Data of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) in Auke Lake, Alaska by : Patrick D. Barry

Download or read book Spatio-temporal Genetic Structure, Effective Population Size, and Parentage Simulations from Contemporary Genetic Samples and Historic Demographic Data of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka) in Auke Lake, Alaska written by Patrick D. Barry and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) have great ecological, economic, and cultural importance. Accordingly, understanding the genetic diversity of Pacific salmon populations is critical for their effective management and conservation. Spatial and temporal homing fidelity, a central life-history characteristic of Pacific salmon, generates genetic structure through reproductive isolation. Within and among populations, heterogeneity in the freshwater environment should lead to selection for traits that maximize fitness resulting in local adaptation. This adaptation increases productivity of individual populations while diversity among populations can promote long-term stability. Additionally, the demographic properties (age structure, generation length, size) of a population will affect genetic structure by regulating its response to the evolutionary forces of selection, migration, and genetic drift. The scale and extent to which reproductive isolation can produce genetic structure is incompletely understood. In this dissertation, I investigated spatial and temporal trends in population genetic structure and estimated the effective population size (Ne) of Sockeye Salmon from Auke Lake in Southeast Alaska from contemporary genetic samples (2008, 2009, 2011) and historic demographic data (1980–2017). A simulation library in the R statistical environment was developed to assess the accuracy of parentage and sibship inference from genetic markers. This library proved useful in evaluating the sibship method for estimating Ne from genetic data and evaluating genetic markers for a large-scale parentage project. I detected substantial genetic differentiation between Auke Lake and other Southeast Alaska populations (average FST = 0.1137) and an isolation-by-time pattern within the Auke Lake population. A genetically distinct cluster was identified in the late portion of the 2008 return. This group may represent a spatially segregated spawning aggregation previously described in tagging studies; however, because fish were sampled as they passed through the weir, spatial structure within Auke Lake could not be evaluated. Genetic tests for demographic change within the population indicated that the Auke Lake Sockeye Salmon population underwent a historical bottleneck event but has since increased in size. Demographic estimates of Ne from a long-term dataset from the Auke Creek weir revealed that the effective population size was low in the early 1980s and has since increased. Over the six generations evaluated, the major demographic factors that determined Ne were variance in family size, variable contribution to the next generation by brood years within a generation, and fluctuations in population size. Contemporary estimates of Ne from genetic methods were smaller than those from demographic methods and indicated that Ne may be roughly the size of an individual return year. Genetic estimates of the ratio of the effective population size to the census size (Ne/Nc = 0.21) were consistent with values previously reported for other salmonids. Collectively, these chapters contribute to an improved understanding of Sockeye Salmon population genetics and provide a useful tool to assess the power of genetic markers for parentage and sibship inference.

Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity in Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka

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Author : Caroline Storer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (851 download)

Book Synopsis Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity in Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka by : Caroline Storer

Download or read book Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity in Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus Nerka written by Caroline Storer and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work described here was motivated by a need for improved genetic tools for the management of sockeye salmon, specifically those populations inhabiting Bristol Bay, and a desire to better understand the process of senescence in Pacific Salmon. The first chapter details the development and evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms assays for sockeye salmon. With hundreds or thousands of SNPs potentially available, there is interest in comparing and developing methods for evaluating SNPs to create panels of high-throughput assays that are customized for performance, research questions, and resources. Here we use five different methods to rank 43 new SNPs and 71 previously published loci for sockeye salmon: FST, informativeness (In), average contribution to principal components (LC), and the locus-ranking programs BELS and WHICHLOCI. We then tested the performance of these different ranking methods by creating 48- and 96-SNP panels of the top-ranked loci for each method and used empirical and simulated data to obtain the probability of assigning individuals to the correct population using each panel. The second chapter details the development of five new gene expression assays to investigate the mechanisms driving senescence in Pacific salmon. We assessed five different physiological processes that might be involved in senescence (olfaction, immune response, reproduction, memory, and aging) using these new assays. While expression was higher in senescent fish for all five genes surveyed there were only significant differences in expression for two genes: Viperin (immune) and TERT (aging).

Migration Ecology of Marine Fishes

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Author : David H. Secor
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421416123
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

Book Synopsis Migration Ecology of Marine Fishes by : David H. Secor

Download or read book Migration Ecology of Marine Fishes written by David H. Secor and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthetic treatment of all marine fish taxa (teleosts and elasmobranchs), this book employs explanatory frameworks from avian and systems ecology while arguing that migrations are emergent phenomena, structured through schooling, phenotypic plasticity, and other collective agencies. The book provides overviews of the following concepts: The comparative movement ecology of fishes and birds; The alignment of mating systems with larval dispersal; Schooling and migration as adaptations to marine food webs; Natal homing; Connectivity in populations and metapopulations; The contribution of migration ecology to population resilience

Ecological Genomics

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Author : Christian R. Landry
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400773471
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

Book Synopsis Ecological Genomics by : Christian R. Landry

Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.

Population Genomics: Marine Organisms

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Author : Marjorie F. Oleksiak
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030379361
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

Book Synopsis Population Genomics: Marine Organisms by : Marjorie F. Oleksiak

Download or read book Population Genomics: Marine Organisms written by Marjorie F. Oleksiak and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genomics has provided unprecedented opportunities to unravel the mysteries of marine organisms in the oceans' depths. The world's oceans, which make up 70% of our planet, encompass diverse habitats and host numerous unexplored populations and species. Population genomics studies of marine organisms are rapidly emerging and have the potential to transform our understanding of marine populations, species, and ecosystems, providing insights into how these organisms are evolving and how they respond to different stimuli and environments. This knowledge is critical for understanding the fundamental aspects of marine life, how marine organisms will respond to environmental changes, and how we can better protect and preserve marine biodiversity and resources. This book brings together leading experts in the field to address critical aspects of fundamental and applied research in marine species and share their research and insights crucial for understanding marine ecosystem diversity and function. It also discusses the challenges, opportunities and future perspectives of marine population genomics.

A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030948538X
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

Book Synopsis A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s, averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result of numerous problems, including habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, disease, and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions and the associated increases in ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations have been implicated in increased reports of coral bleaching, disease outbreaks, and ocean acidification (OA). For the hundreds of millions of people who depend on reefs for food or livelihoods, the thousands of communities that depend on reefs for wave protection, the people whose cultural practices are tied to reef resources, and the many economies that depend on reefs for fisheries or tourism, the health and maintenance of this major global ecosystem is crucial. A growing body of research on coral physiology, ecology, molecular biology, and responses to stress has revealed potential tools to increase coral resilience. Some of this knowledge is poised to provide practical interventions in the short-term, whereas other discoveries are poised to facilitate research that may later open the doors to additional interventions. A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs reviews the state of science on genetic, ecological, and environmental interventions meant to enhance the persistence and resilience of coral reefs. The complex nature of corals and their associated microbiome lends itself to a wide range of possible approaches. This first report provides a summary of currently available information on the range of interventions present in the scientific literature and provides a basis for the forthcoming final report.

Action Before Extinction

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Author : World Fisheries Trust
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

Book Synopsis Action Before Extinction by : World Fisheries Trust

Download or read book Action Before Extinction written by World Fisheries Trust and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Conservation and the Genetics of Populations

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Author : Fred W. Allendorf
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444309056
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

Book Synopsis Conservation and the Genetics of Populations by : Fred W. Allendorf

Download or read book Conservation and the Genetics of Populations written by Fred W. Allendorf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation and the Genetics of Populations gives acomprehensive overview of the essential background, concepts, andtools needed to understand how genetic information can be used todevelop conservation plans for species threatened withextinction. Provides a thorough understanding of the genetic basis ofbiological problems in conservation. Uses a balance of data and theory, and basic and appliedresearch, with examples taken from both the animal and plantkingdoms. An associated website contains example data sets and softwareprograms to illustrate population genetic processes and methods ofdata analysis. Discussion questions and problems are included at the end ofeach chapter to aid understanding. Features Guest Boxes written by leading people in the fieldincluding James F. Crow, Nancy FitzSimmons, Robert C. Lacy, MichaelW. Nachman, Michael E. Soule, Andrea Taylor, Loren H. Rieseberg,R.C. Vrijenhoek, Lisette Waits, Robin S. Waples and AndrewYoung. Supplementary information designed to support Conservationand the Genetics of Populations including: Downloadable sample chapter Answers to questions and problems Data sets illustrating problems from the book Data analysis software programs Website links An Instructor manual CD-ROM for this title is available. Pleasecontact our Higher Education team at ahref="mailto:[email protected]"[email protected]/afor more information.

Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics

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Author : Virginie Orgogozo
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781617792274
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (922 download)

Book Synopsis Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics by : Virginie Orgogozo

Download or read book Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics written by Virginie Orgogozo and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are entering a particularly fruitful period in evolutionary genetics, as rapid technological progress transforms the investigation of genetic variation within and between species. Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics is a collection of advanced molecular biology protocols and general overviews intended to represent the essential methods currently bringing evolutionary genetics to fruition. Divided into six thematic sections, this volume covers methods for characterizing genomes, diverse approaches to enrich DNA for subsets of the genome prior to sequencing, and state-of-the-art protocols for sampling genetic variation for genetic mapping studies and population genetic studies (RAD sequencing, Sequenom, microarrays, etc.). The volume concludes by focusing on methods to study candidate genes, from obtaining their sequences and analyzing their transcripts to experimentally manipulating their activities in vivo. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, Molecular Methods for Evolutionary Genetics serves as a rich resource to biologists interested in evolution, whether they be specialists or beginners in molecular biology.

Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout

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Author : Bror Jonsson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400711891
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

Book Synopsis Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout by : Bror Jonsson

Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.

Pacific Salmon Management

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

Book Synopsis Pacific Salmon Management by :

Download or read book Pacific Salmon Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: